页岩提钒尾渣基地聚合物的制备及其性能

为将页岩提钒尾渣资源化,利用页岩提钒尾渣作为主要原料,偏高岭土为铝质辅料制备地聚合物。考察了成型方式、硅铝原料配比、碱激发剂种类、碱激发剂用量和成型压力对地聚合物试样抗压强度的影响。结果表明,地聚合物制备最佳条件为:原料的质量配比(尾渣/偏高岭土)为11:9,NaOH碱激发剂质量分数为10%,水固比为0.18,成型压力为20 MPa,试样14 d抗压强度可达58.25 MPa。通过XRD、FTIR、TG-DSC、SEM和孔径分析对地聚合物试样进行检测表征,分析表明,地聚合反应的主要产物为无定形硅铝凝胶和少量钠沸石,无定形硅铝凝胶可以改善试样的孔结构,增强试样微观结构致密度,宏观表现为试样抗压强度增大。     

利用提钒尾渣制备烧结广场砖实验研究

以提钒尾渣为主要原料,采用半干法成型方法制备烧结广场砖,通过添加广西白泥、硅铁灰、粉煤灰和A12O3粉可以优化提钒尾渣烧结广场砖的物理指标,提高烧结广场砖的性能.通过条件试验较系统研究了广西白泥配入量、粉煤灰、硅铁灰和A12O3粉配入量对烧结广场砖常温耐压强度和吸水率的影响.条件试验表明:广西白泥配入量为20%左右较适宜、硅铁灰配入量控制在5%以内较适宜、粉煤灰配入量控制在6%以内较适宜、Al2O3粉添加量控制在8%以内较适宜.制得提钒尾渣广场砖的常温耐压强度达到28 MPa以上,吸水率可以降低到10%左右.     

石煤提钒尾渣制备地聚合物的试验研究

石煤提钒尾渣的主要化学成分为SiO2和Al2O3,主要矿物为石英、钙长石、钠长石、斜长石等硅酸盐、铝硅酸盐矿物,属于硅酸盐类尾矿.在研究石煤提钒尾渣的特性基础上,以石煤提钒尾渣为主要原料,偏高岭土为辅助原料,以NaOH为碱激发剂,制备了石煤提钒尾渣地聚合物.考察了硅铝基质原料的配比,碱激发剂掺量,成型水固比以及成型压力对材料抗压强度的影响.试验结果表明:最佳基质原料配比尾渣/偏高岭土为7∶3,碱激发剂最佳掺量为13％,成型水固比为0.16,成型压力为15 MPa时,试样28 d抗压强度可以达到17.4 MPa.XRD和SEM分析表明:石煤提钒尾渣地聚合物的主要产物为无定型硅铝凝胶,还有少量的类沸石矿物(CaAl2 Si2 O8·4H2O)以及钙沸石CaAl2Si3O10· 3H2O.     

提钒尾渣高效脱碱及配矿炼铁工艺

通过单因素实验研究了常压、恒温水浴条件下提钒尾渣脱碱规律,确定了脱碱提钒尾渣配矿烧结工艺参数及路线.结果表明,碱性体系中引入CaO,提钒尾渣中的方钠石、钙霞石等铝硅酸钠相不再是稳定固相,Ca2+会替换2个Na+生成更稳定的钙石榴石相,使钠离子进入溶液溶出.在NaOH添加量为提钒尾渣质量的20%及CaO过量系数为2的条件下,提钒尾渣中的Na2O含量减少至0.9%;脱碱后尾渣替代低钒高品位铁精矿粉用于配矿炼铁,配加量约为20kg/t,配加前后对烧结工艺参数没有影响,且由于承钢钒钛矿SiO2品位低,配加尾渣后成品烧结矿指标明显改善,其机烧矿转鼓指数提高0.6%.     

一次尾渣与钒泥提钒尾渣混合焙烧提钒研究

为实现一次尾渣中钒的高效、低耗回收,以一次尾渣为原料,添加钒泥提钒尾渣混合焙烧,研究了钒泥提钒尾渣加入量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对一次尾渣钠化焙烧钒转化率的影响。结果表明:用钒泥提钒尾渣代替碳酸钠,与一次尾渣混合焙烧,可提高钒的转化率,同时资源化利用了钒泥提钒尾渣,回收了尾渣中的钒。     

转炉钒渣提钒技术研究现状及展望

如何低成本绿色高效回收转炉冶炼钒渣中的钒资源是保证我国钒产业可持续发展的重要举措。本文在分析转炉钒渣成分及物相特征的基础上,系统总结了国内外主要钒制品生产企业提钒工艺研究现状,以钠化焙烧-水浸、钙化焙烧-酸浸等现行工艺和微波焙烧、超重力选择性分离、微生物冶金等新型工艺为例,阐述了不同工艺提钒过程的原理、优点及存在的问题。文章指出：随着全球碳中和目标的推进,未来转炉钒渣提钒新工艺的开发应更加注重解决现行技术存在的资源环境问题,如含盐废水产生量大、含铵芒硝难处理、提钒尾渣钠高难利用等问题;同时,提钒新技术的开发也应加大基础热力学数据库和有价金属微观迁移动力学模型的建立,充分结合微波、超重力、超声波等非常规冶金技术的优点,实现污染的源头削减,兼顾提钒废液和尾渣中其他有价金属的循环高值利用,促进转炉钒渣提钒新工艺朝着绿色化、低成本、短流程、高收率的方向发展。     

剑麻-PVA混杂纤维增强地聚物抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能研究

为改善地聚物的高脆性和抗折强度低的固有缺陷,采用剑麻纤维与聚乙烯醇纤维(PVA)对偏高岭土(MK)基地聚物进行强化,研究不同纤维掺量对地聚物力学性能的影响以确定最佳配比,通过抗压与抗折强度测试、扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)、压汞仪分析(MIP)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)等方法综合分析经硫酸盐溶液侵蚀后纤维增强地聚物的力学强度、微观结构及表面形貌以评价其耐久性能.结果表明,掺入纤维可大幅提升地聚物力学性能,配比为98.75wt％的MK、0.5wt％的PVA和0.75wt％的剑麻纤维制备得到的纤维增强地聚物的抗压、抗折强度最高且最稳定;纤维的掺杂可提高地聚物的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能;在不同浓度硫酸盐溶液和养护条件下地聚物的晶相组成出现差异,产生硫酸钠盐晶体;相比于低浓度硫酸盐侵蚀条件,经高浓度硫酸盐侵蚀的地聚物产生更多的裂纹和孔隙,抗压强度下降更明显.     

一种低温低浓度氢氧化钾溶液中电化学分解钒渣同步提取钒铬的方法

<正>本发明涉及一种低温低浓度氢氧化钾溶液中电化学分解钒渣同步提取钒铬的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:1)配料预热:将钒渣与低浓度氢氧化钾水溶液混合加热制得混配料浆;2)电解:将预热的料浆加入电解槽中,向溶液中通入氧化性气体,电解得反应料浆;3)固液分离:对步骤(2)的反应料浆进行过滤分离,得到尾渣和含钒铬碱溶液。本发明所述方法操作温度低,能耗小,易于操作,且可实现钒铬高效共提,     

页岩提钒尾渣基地聚合物一体化制备研究

以页岩提钒尾渣为主要原料,采用与碱激发剂混合焙烧的方式提高其反应活性,然后加入偏高岭土校正硅铝比后制备成只需直接加水即可得到地聚合物的粉体胶凝材料,免去碱溶液激发过程,实现尾渣基地聚合物的一体化制备.采用正交实验考察碱激发剂用量、焙烧温度以及焙烧时间对地聚合物强度的影响.探究了偏高岭土掺量以及液固比对地聚合物强度的影响.结果表明,在碱激发剂用量为25％,焙烧温度550℃,焙烧时间1 h的条件下,得到的尾渣活性最高.在偏高岭土掺量为30％,液固比为0.35时制得的地聚合物产品抗压强度最高,达到40.41 MPa.尾渣经过与碱激发剂混合焙烧处理后,低活性石英消失,生成了多种可溶性硅铝酸盐,尾渣反应活性大幅提升.粉体胶凝材料加水后,活化尾渣及偏高岭土中的活性硅铝溶出而后发生聚合反应,形成无定形结构的地聚合物胶凝体,从而使最终产品具有较高的力学强度.     

钠化焙烧转炉钒渣粉体分形生长的演化行为

转炉钒渣焙烧提钒技术效率低,过程涉及化学反应、传递及相变过程,蕴含物相分形生长的动力学行为。对钒渣分形变化规律的研究有助于促进钒的定向转化,进而对工业提钒具有指导意义。根据金相电镜图,使用“周长-面积法”对不同焙烧条件下钒渣粉体分形维数进行计算,得到分形维数变化与物相转化的规律。结果表明,焙烧前硅相、钒相紧密包裹,分形维数数值为1.60~2.00;加入碳酸钠焙烧后尖晶石破坏,钒相逐渐分离,使分形维数小于1.20;随着钠盐加入量的增加,物相分形维数逐渐下降;二次焙烧后,稳定的钒酸钠生成,体系趋于稳定,使得分形维数进一步下降为1.10~1.20。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.