稻壳吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

本实验把亚甲基蓝模拟成印染废水,以稻壳作为吸附剂,研究稻壳吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,利用正交实验得出稻壳吸附剂处理印染废水的最佳吸附条件是在初始浓度50 mg/L,pH为6.5,温度是65℃,时间为150 min,所得到的去除率是97.01%。然而在利用双氧水改性以后,去除率为98.99%。上升了2%,表明改性有利于提升稻壳吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附。该此法可用于印染废水的处理,减少环境污染。     

改性鸡蛋壳处理亚甲基蓝染料废水的实验研究

试验以废弃的鸡蛋壳为原料,采用氯化锌活化法制备活性炭,吸附亚甲基蓝。考察不同的改性条件(热解温度,热解时间及氯化锌浓度)以及不同的吸附条件(鸡蛋壳粉末用量、pH值和吸附时间)对吸附效果的影响。由此得出最佳制备工艺及吸附条件。结果表明:最佳改性条件为氯化锌浓度为25%,热解温度为500℃,时间为80 min。吸附时吸附剂的量为2 g,pH在7左右吸附效果最佳,且吸附在50 min内达到饱和。     

核桃壳基磁性生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性研究

以核桃壳为生物质原料,FeCl_3为赋磁剂,采用浸渍-热解法在厌氧条件下制备磁性生物炭MB,并将其作为一种易分离、可再生的吸附剂应用于模拟印染废水中亚甲基蓝的去除。结果表明,MB吸附亚甲基蓝是一个符合Freundlich模型和拟二级动力学模型的自发吸热过程,并在298.15 K、pH=12、C_0=2 100 mg/L、8 h的吸附体系中对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果为710 mg/g,远大于原始生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量(84.66 mg/g),是一类在印染废水处理方面具备广阔应用前景的吸附材料。     

核桃壳基磁性生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性研究

以核桃壳为生物质原料,FeCl_3为赋磁剂,采用浸渍-热解法在厌氧条件下制备磁性生物炭MB,并将其作为一种易分离、可再生的吸附剂应用于模拟印染废水中亚甲基蓝的去除。结果表明,MB吸附亚甲基蓝是一个符合Freundlich模型和拟二级动力学模型的自发吸热过程,并在298.15 K、pH=12、C_0=2 100 mg/L、8 h的吸附体系中对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果为710 mg/g,远大于原始生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量(84.66 mg/g),是一类在印染废水处理方面具备广阔应用前景的吸附材料。     

KOH活化兰炭处理亚甲基蓝实验研究

以KOH活化的兰炭为吸附剂吸附处理亚甲基蓝溶液,考察吸附时间、溶液p H值、吸附剂用量、温度及浓度对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果。研究表明:吸附平衡时间为40 min,溶液p H值约7~8利于吸附,吸附剂用量在0.5 g/L为宜,升温利于吸附进行。     

吸附条件对香蕉叶活性炭吸附效果的影响

以KOH为活化剂对香蕉叶进行炭化活化,制备了具有高吸附性能的活性炭。探讨了初始质量浓度、时间、吸附剂用量、pH值、温度对吸附率的影响,并比较了未活化炭化的香蕉叶粉末及香蕉叶活性炭的吸附效果。结果表明,在亚甲基蓝溶液的体积为100mL,亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为200 mg·~(L-1),吸附时间为2h,香蕉叶活性炭的用量为0.05g,pH值为6.86,温度25℃的条件下,香蕉叶活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附率可达99.22%。通过与未炭化活化的香蕉叶的比较可知,香蕉叶经炭化活化后,对亚甲基蓝的吸附率可提高40.72%。     

ZnCl_2-微波活化法制备秸秆基活性炭

研究了氯化锌微波活化法在不同操作条件下制备秸秆基活性炭,探讨了最佳预处理温度、氯化锌的浓度、微波功率和微波辐照时间对活性炭性能的影响。最佳工艺条件为:预处理温度为350℃,氯化锌溶液的质量分数为40%,微波活化功率为550 W,微波辐照时间为6min。对所制得的活性炭进行苯酚吸附、亚甲基蓝吸附和红外光谱及电镜等分析检测。实验最终产率达到40%以上,亚甲基蓝吸附值为70mg/g以上。     

糠醛渣对刚果红的吸附性能研究

研究糠醛渣对染料的静态吸附.以刚果红染料为例,研究了糠醛渣对染料废水的吸附特性,考察了振荡时间、温度、吸附剂粒度和吸附剂剂量对糠醛渣吸附刚果红的影响,测试了吸附等温曲线.随着接触时间的延长,糠醛渣对亚甲基监的脱色率增加,60min后,吸附作用基本达到平衡.随着温度的升高,脱色率增加,糠醛渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附是吸热反应.随着粒度的增加,脱色率呈上升趋势.当糠醛渣剂量为0.6g时,其对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达90.72%.糠醛渣作为吸附剂处理含刚果红废水,是一种有效的方法.该方法实现了以废治废的废物资源化目标,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益.     

外墙保温板废料活性炭处理含亚甲基蓝废水的研究

外墙保温板废料制备活性炭处理含亚甲基蓝废水,既可以解决外墙保温板固体废弃物对环境产生污染问题,又可以解决印染废水处理问题。本文采用分光光度法测定亚甲基蓝的浓度,以表征活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力。研究了亚甲基蓝在自制活性炭上的吸附模型和最大吸附量。结果表明:在650℃活化温度,30mg/h的水蒸汽流量,活化30min制备的活性炭对亚甲蓝的定温吸附符合Freundlich定温吸附模型,吸附以物理吸附为主,最大吸附量为544.57mg/g。     

剩余污泥与棉花壳制备吸附剂的研究

为了对剩余污泥和棉花壳进行资源化利用,以氯化锌为活化剂、剩余污泥和棉花壳为原料制备吸附剂,研究原料配比、热解温度、活化剂浓度、活化剂用量对制备吸附剂的影响。结果表明,剩余污泥与棉花壳质量比为1∶1、在活化温度为400℃、氯化锌的浓度为3 mol/L、原料质量与氯化锌溶液体积之比(固液比)为1∶1时,吸附剂效果最好,其碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别达到402.984 2、59.460 0 mg/g。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱等表征分析可知制备的吸附剂孔径丰富发达,含有C—OH、C—C、C==C、C—H官能团,具有较高的吸附能力,可以用作吸附材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.