斜板和斜翅板沉降槽分离性能的研究

讨论了斜板沉降槽和斜翅板沉降槽中流体流动的特征和液固二相的分离过程，并以两种物料测定了其分离性能。实验结果表明，斜翅板沉降槽的分离性能明显优于斜板沉降槽，而且具有较好的操作弹性。实验还表明，斜翅板沉降槽的翅片数（级数）对其分离效果和操作稳定性有决定性的影响。本研究结果为斜翅板沉降槽设计提供了可靠的依据。     

广西钙基膨润土湿法提纯研究

采用自然沉降法、水力旋流器提纯法、超声波自然沉降法对广西宾阳膨润土进行提纯研究,主要考察了不同提纯方法及其提纯次数对膨润土提纯效果的影响,并通过测定吸蓝量换算得到蒙脱石质量分数及用XRD表征了原土与提纯产品的物相特征。研究结果表明,宾阳膨润土的d001基本分布在14.6～15.4nm之间,为钙基膨润土,杂质成分主要为石英、高岭土、方解石以及赤铁矿;超声波和水力旋流器均可使提纯效果得到提升,提纯后膨润土蒙脱石的质量分数可达85%以上,物化性质较原土均有提高。     

Research on waste hydrochloric acid recvcling by electrolysis

采用滤压式隔膜电解槽对低质量分数废盐酸进行电解回收利用实验研究,实验分别讨论了电流密度、电解液流量、温度和HCl、NaCl混合电解液质量分数对槽电压和电流效率的影响,通过实验得出,电流效率影响最显著的因素是电解液流量,槽电压的最主要影响因素是电流密度.最佳工艺水平为:流量12 mL/min,电流密度0.2 A/cm2,电解温度50℃,电解液为质量分数7％ HCl与NaCl混合液.验证实验得出电流效率为95.11％,槽电压为4.1V.     

东露天选煤厂提升浅槽分选效率的优化改造

介绍了东露天选煤厂的分选工艺流程,分析了重介浅槽分选过程中存在的原煤泥化严重、介质流量比例偏差、矸石分料不均、悬浮液回收滞后等问题,为提升重介浅槽分选机的分选效率,进行了一系列优化改造,拟定了浅槽悬浮液的密度(悬浮液的质量),改善了刮板布料分布,改造后大幅度提高了重介浅槽分选机的分选效率,减少了动力消耗,保证了重介质分选系统的稳定性、持续性。     

固液搅拌槽内液相速度的分布

在两个几何相似固 -液搅拌槽内 ,采用双电导探针测定了固体浓度较高的固液体系中液相速度的分布 .固相质量分数从 12 .5 %至 38.2 % (体积分数C_v 从 5 .4 %至 19.8% ) ,搅拌槽直径分别为Ф80 0mm与Ф16 0 0mm ,采用一种高效的长薄叶螺旋桨搅拌器 (CBY)向下泵送操作 .实验研究了固体浓度变化以及搅拌槽放大对液相速度分布的影响 .根据所测速度分布计算了不同直径槽内悬浮液中叶轮的流量准数.     

斜板沉降槽的应用

南化公司设计院在沙河硫酸厂稀酸洗净化的设计中,采用同向流斜板沉降槽作固液分离设备。本文对斜板沉降槽的原理、特性及设计中的结构处理和生产中的应用情况作了介绍,并对存在的问题作了分析。     

活性白土吸附FCC催化剂胶渣中稀土元素离子的研究

对催化裂化（FCC）催化剂胶渣中有用元素进行回收,不仅实现了资源的回收利用,而且也消除了对环境的污染。以天然膨润土为原料制备得到提纯土,再制备得到活性白土,以提纯土和活性白土为吸附剂吸附催化剂胶渣中的铼离子,考察了吸附条件与性能。结果表明：活性白土对胶渣中铼离子的吸附能力强于提纯土,当活性白土的用量为0.9 g、胶渣溶液中铼离子初始质量浓度为11 mg/L、溶液的pH为4.0、吸附温度为25 ℃时,活性白土对铼离子的吸附率达到93%。该研究为FCC催化剂生产过程中有用元素的回收利用提供了技术支持。     

假塑性流体搅拌槽内停留时间分布

在直径φ500 mm和高350 mm的无挡板半球底有机玻璃槽中,采用45°斜叶桨研究了流量、搅拌功率、全槽平均表观牯度和物料流变特性对停留时间分布(RTD)的影响.结果表明,对于假塑性流体(流变指数为0.654)和牛顿流体,流量对RTD的影响两者差别不大,搅拌功率的增加更容易改变假塑性流体的RTD,使其更趋于全混流;对于牛顿流体,当搅拌功率大到一定程度后,再增加搅拌功率收效不大.假塑性流体的相对全混釜数随着全槽平均表观粘度的增加而增加,在全槽平均表观粘度相同时,假塑性流体的相对全混釜效大于牛顿流体,随着流体假塑性的增强,假塑性流体与牛顿流体相对全混釜数的差值显著增大.     

基于液滴分离时间的斜板沉降器结构参数优化

通过应用液滴动力学原理,建立了单个液滴基于时间的分离模型,得到了单个液滴分离所需的必要时间表达式,确定了沉降器中液滴分离所需的必要时间与结构参数的关系。论文中还在一定范围内通过实验研究了斜板倾斜角、斜板板长、斜板间距等结构参数及进料流量与油水混合比例等对分离效率的影响,实验结果表明在实验范围内斜板倾斜角的最佳角度是30°,斜板板长最佳值为350 mm左右,最佳斜板间距为20 mm;油水混合比例对分离效率几乎没有影响,随进料体积流量的减小分离效率逐渐增加,但当流量减低到一定范围后,分离效率会稳定在一个比较高的水平而基本不受进料体积流量影响。     

硝酸磷肥装置酸不溶物分离系统改造

介绍了硝酸磷肥装置酸不溶物分离系统存在的问题,通过对3种酸不溶物分离方法的对比,选择了重力沉降一洗涤法改造方案。介绍了沉降槽的设计条件,计算了酸不溶物的沉降速度和沉降面积,总结了改造效果。结果表明,改造后酸解液中酸不溶物质量分数从3．57％下降到2．77％,分离率为23％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.