PVA纤维增强快硬硫铝酸盐水泥基ECC材料性能的研究

针对快硬硫铝酸盐水泥基快速修补材料易开裂的问题,为了提高其韧性,增强其抗裂能力,设计并制备了PVA纤维快硬硫铝酸盐水泥基ECC材料(CSA-ECC),开展了PVA纤维不同体积掺量下CSA-ECC材料的工作性,抗压、抗折强度,单轴拉伸性能及弯曲韧性的试验研究,通过SEM观察分析了PVA纤维在CSA-ECC材料中的作用机理.研究结果表明:CSA-ECC材料浆体的流动度随纤维体积掺量的增多而降低,在掺量为2％时会出现结团现象;当纤维体积掺量高于1％时,抗压强度会出现略微下降;抗折强度随纤维体积掺量的增多而增大,纤维掺量为2％时,抗折强度可提高333％;当纤维体积掺量大于1.5％后材料在单轴拉伸下呈多缝开裂的破坏形式,在弯曲荷载作用下表现出良好的韧性特征和变形能力.     

纤维水泥基材料中纤维分布均匀程度与弯曲性能关系的研究

对配合比和加工制作过程完全相同聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基复合材料,通过采用一种对试件断面抛光,涂荧光粉的显微成像法对PVA纤维在水泥基材料中的分布状况进行量化测定;通过3点弯曲试验并结合测定结果研究了纤维分布对材料弯曲性能的影响.纤维测定结果表明:荧光显微成像法在划分网格适当的条件下可以准确的量化测定PVA纤维的分布,3点弯曲试验和纤维分布测定结果表明:纤维分布对材料的开裂强度没有影响,但是却决定了开裂强度到弯曲强度的提高幅度和弯曲韧度.纤维分布越均匀,提高幅度和弯曲韧度越大,同时材料的弯曲强度及相应的挠度也越大.     

PVA纤维对水泥基材料性能的影响研究

通过对不同纤维掺量的PVA-ECC试件进行抗压强度和抗折强度试验以及干缩试验,探究PVA纤维对水泥基复合材料基本力学性能和干缩性能的影响。结果表明:PVA纤维的掺入,可以提高水泥基复合材料的抗折强度,在0～3.6kg/m~3的掺量区间内,PVA纤维掺量越大,P水泥基复合的抗折强度越大;PVA纤维的掺入可以提高水泥基材料的抗压强度,但是不显著;PVA纤维掺量1.8kg/m~3时,其对水泥基材料的干缩有抑制作用。     

粉煤灰掺量对PVA纤维水泥基复合材料力学性能影响研究

通过对8组PVA-ECC试件进行抗压强度和抗折强度试验、四点弯曲试验以及直接拉伸试验,探讨粉煤灰掺量对PVA纤维水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:抗压强度与抗折强度均随粉煤灰掺量的增加而降低,四点弯曲试验中试件挠度可达26.5 mm,直接拉伸试验中试件最大极限拉应变为1.6％,是传统混凝土材料的100多倍.     

PVA-ECC抗折强度与氯离子渗透性能试验研究

通过抗折强度试验与非稳态氯离子快速迁移方法对11组PVA-ECC试件进行研究,分析粉煤灰掺量及纤维掺量对PVA纤维水泥基复合材料抗折强度与氯离子渗透性能的影响.结果表明:试块抗折强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而降低,随纤维掺量的增加而提高.当粉煤灰掺量为45％～50％、纤维掺量在1.5％～1.75％之间时,材料氯离子扩散系数最小.     

钢-PVA混杂纤维增强工程水泥基复合材料弯曲性能研究

为了弥补现有钢-聚乙烯醇(PVA)混杂纤维增强工程水泥基复合材料造价过高、工程应用面狭窄的缺陷,本文通过使用廉价的国产PVA纤维部分替代日产PVA纤维制备出一种新型的多元混杂纤维增强工程水泥基复合材料(MFECC)。研究MFECC材料薄板试件的弯曲性能和破坏形态,对试件的弯曲韧性和性价比进行评价,并通过SPSS软件的多元非线性回归法建立极限弯曲性能预测模型。结果表明,引入国产PVA纤维后MFECC薄板的应变硬化力学行为和多缝开裂现象相较于仅掺日产PVA纤维时有所降低,但仍具有较高的强度与延性。当钢纤维、日产PVA纤维和国产PVA纤维体积掺量分别为0.2%、0%和2.0%时,MFECC的极限拉伸应变为4.4%,抗压强度为46.39 MPa,极限抗弯挠度可达12.697 mm,性价比最高。建立的MFECC薄板试件的极限弯曲性能预测模型对试验值的拟合度良好。     

PVA纤维对超高韧性纤维水泥基改性复合材料力学性能试验

超高韧性纤维水泥基复合材料通过加入PVA纤维增强性能,通过实验方法,具体分析PVA纤维对超高韧性纤维水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响。主要分析PVA纤维类型和掺量对水泥基复合材料拉伸强度、抗压强度和弯曲强度的影响。结果表明,添加相对较多的PVA纤维时能够增强材料的阻裂增韧效果,进口的PVA纤维具有更高的拉伸强度;相比于抗拉强度,PVA纤维的类型和添加量对超高韧性纤维水泥基复合材料的抗压强度影响比较小;PVA纤维的弹性模量越大时,加入PVA纤维之后的复合材料具有更强的抗弯能力,另外PVA纤维掺量并不是越多,材料的抗弯性能越好。     

ECC的材料组成与性能关系分析

通过设计10组配合比研究了不同PVA纤维掺量、水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)强度(压缩、拉伸和弯曲)和韧性性能的影响,并进行了材料组成与性能关系分析.其中使用四点弯曲薄板来研究ECC的弯曲韧性,使用ASTM-C1018和DBV中提出的韧性指标来量化ECC的韧性特征.结果表明:ECC的抗压强度主要取决于粉煤灰置换率和水胶比,而抗拉强度和弯曲强度则主要依赖于PVA纤维体积掺量,且纤维掺量控制ECC的应变硬化和软化行为.虽然PVA纤维掺量的提高可以略微提高ECC的弹性模量,但主要还是受粉煤灰掺量控制.     

碳纤维增强水泥基阳极板导电及韧性研究

采用导电水泥基材料取代金属网作为阳极材料用于电化学除盐可有效防止金属网锈蚀、异形结构难以安装等难题.采用不同掺量、不同尺寸碳纤维制备导电水泥基材料,测试其导电性能和断裂能.试验结果表明:水泥基材料电阻率随碳纤维掺量及纤维长度增加而降低,当碳纤维长度6 mm,纤维体积掺量0.8％时水泥基材料电阻率可降低至100 Ω·cm.相比体积掺量为0.2％的水泥基材料而言,当碳纤维掺量提高到0.8％时,其28 d抗压强度提高1.48倍,破坏应变增大50％,断裂能提高1.36倍.     

PVA纤维增强水泥基修补砂浆冲蚀磨损性能试验研究

测试了PVA纤维增强水泥基修补砂浆的力学性能和冲蚀磨损性能,研究了PVA纤维掺量对水泥砂浆力学性能和冲蚀磨损性能的影响.试验结果表明:水泥砂浆的抗压强度和抗折强度均随PVA纤维掺量的增加先增加后减小,但PVA纤维对抗折强度的影响更加明显,当PVA纤维的掺量为1.5 kg/m3时,其抗折强度、抗压强度分别达到5.14 MPa和42.5 MPa,相比于空白样分别提高了68.5％和31％;PVA纤维增强水泥砂浆的冲蚀率随冲蚀速度的增大而增加,但在各个冲蚀速度下添加了PVA纤维的试样的冲蚀率明显低于空白样的冲蚀率,在35 m/s的高冲蚀速度下,PVA纤维掺量为1.5 kg/m3试样的冲蚀率相比空白样的冲蚀率降低了44.5％;空白样的冲蚀率随冲蚀角度的增加而增大,显示典型脆性材料的冲蚀特征,而添加了PVA纤维的水泥砂浆的冲蚀率随冲蚀角度的增加呈现锯齿状波动,表现出半塑性材料的冲蚀特性;PVA纤维的掺量为1.5 kg/m3时,修补砂浆的施工性良好,其强度和冲蚀抗力均较高,是适宜现场施工的合理掺量.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997