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碳化、氯离子侵蚀、荷载三者共同作用对沿海地区混凝土结构耐久性具有重要影响.以C25级普通混凝土为研究对象,针对应力、碳化和氯盐三因素共同作用,借助室内试验手段,对混凝土试样进行加载及快速碳化试验,研究了耦合作用下混凝土中的氯离子迁移机理,建立了应力-碳化-氯盐多因素共同作用下的氯离子传输模型.研究表明:当碳化时间较短时,氯离子扩散系数随荷载等级的增加而不断减小;当碳化时间较长时,氯离子扩散系数在荷载等级较小阶段会有显著下降趋势,而在荷载等级达到60%极限抗压强度以上时,呈现陡增陡降的变化过程.研究成果可以完善结构耐久性设计理论和方法. 相似文献
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开展纤维混凝土电阻率和氯离子扩散试验,研究分析不同纤维混凝土的电阻率和氯离子扩散系数随龄期变化规律,建立纤维混凝土的电阻率和氯离子扩散系数间的定量关系.研究表明:随着混凝土龄期的增长,混凝土的电阻率逐渐增大,而氯离子扩散系数则逐渐减小.混凝土的氯离子扩散系数随电阻率的增大而下降,二者具有良好的线性负相关关系.在施工过程中,可采用预先确定的基于实际混凝土类型的电阻率与氯离子扩散系数间的相关关系曲线,通过定期测试混凝土的电阻率,以此间接反映混凝土的氯离子扩散系数,并进一步的确定混凝土的抗渗性能. 相似文献
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本文根据自然扩散法的原理,在模拟海水环境中研究了普通矿渣混凝土(SGC)的氯离子扩散特性.探讨了暴露时间,养护龄期,矿渣掺量与混凝土氯离子扩散系数的关系.实验表明了混凝土试件的氯离子扩散系数同暴露时间之间呈幂级数衰减规律,随养护龄期的延长而减小,且随着暴露时间的延长而增加,并逐渐趋于稳定,且扩散系数与养护时间及矿渣掺量有关;当养护龄期达到100~ 150 d,扩散系数趋于平稳;矿渣掺量达到30%时,混凝土的表观氯离子扩散系数随暴露时间的降低速度最快.因此,适当延长养护龄期及掺入矿渣,有助于延长混凝土结构在海洋环境的服役寿命. 相似文献
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氯离子扩散系数和碳化速率是表征混凝土耐久性的主要指标.通过氯盐浸泡和快速碳化试验,基于试验检测和数据分析,研究了水灰比对氯离子扩散系数和碳化速率系数的影响规律.试验结果表明,水灰比越大,氯离子扩散系数越大,但水灰比过小时水灰比对扩散系数的影响程度降低;水灰比越大,混凝土碳化速度越快.碳化速率系数与水灰比成线性关系.结合试验数据并通过现有模型对比分析,给出较为合理的粉煤灰影响系数表达式和建议取值. 相似文献
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荷载、碳化和氯盐侵蚀对混凝土劣化的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《硅酸盐学报》2015,(10)
浇筑了普通混凝土和双掺粉煤灰、矿粉两种矿物掺合料的混凝土小梁试件39个,采用螺杆对试件施加混凝土极限抗弯承载力30%和60%的持续荷载,在"氯盐溶液浸泡+CO_2环境干燥"、"去离子水浸泡+CO_2环境干燥"和"氯盐溶液浸泡+大气环境干燥"3种不同干湿循环制度下进行干湿循环试验,分析了荷载、碳化和氯盐作用下混凝土的劣化规律。结果表明:双掺粉煤灰和矿粉的混凝土,因发生"二次水化反应"消耗了大量Ca(OH)_2,其抗碳化性能比普通混凝土差;碳化后混凝土孔隙中多被CaCO_3填充,孔隙率降低,因此碳化速率随碳化龄期的增长减缓;干湿循环作用下,随着循环次数的增加,对流区深度会逐渐趋于稳定,在7~9 mm之间,而碳化作用使混凝土表层氯离子堆积明显;干燥过程中,氯盐存在使混凝土表面孔隙出现结晶,亦会抑制碳化反应的速率;碳化作用对混凝土中氯盐的传输起到双重作用:使混凝土孔隙率降低从而降低氯盐的传输速率,又会使部分结合氯离子释放为自由氯离子,从而提高自由氯离子含量;荷载水平由0.3倍极限荷载增加到0.6倍极限荷载,碳化和氯盐传输深度显著提高,随循环次数增加,荷载作用对碳化和氯盐传输影响愈加明显。 相似文献
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为了分析实际荷载和氯盐侵蚀环境共同作用下开裂混凝土结构的耐久性能,通过弯曲开裂和预压开裂两种方式制备出两类开裂混凝土构件,采用RCM试验法研究了开裂混凝土构件中氯离子的传输特性,并深入分析了荷载裂缝和养护龄期对氯离子传输过程的影响.研究结果表明,裂缝的存在加剧了氯离子在裂缝位置及其周围10 mm范围混凝土内的传输进程,且裂缝对氯离子传输的影响范围随着裂缝宽度的增大而增大;从受弯开裂构件中得到的弯曲开裂试件,当最大裂缝宽度小于0.3 mm时仍可采用RCM法进行传输性能分析,而预压开裂试件的裂缝宽度大于0.12 mm时,已不宜采用RCM法进行分析;随着养护龄期的增加,预压开裂混凝土试件的氯离子传输能力在裂缝周围略有降低,在离裂缝距离超过10 mm后,氯离子传输能力降低明显.综合现有研究结果得出,利用裂缝宽度w的二次多项式函数表征两类开裂混凝土构件的氯离子扩散系数劣化特性是可行的. 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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塔设备改造选型的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后,着重介绍一种新型塔板(导向梯形浮阀塔板)和一种新型填料(波环填料——乾隆帕克)。 相似文献
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In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997 相似文献