利用正交试验方法研究普通硅酸盐水泥与高效减水剂的相容性

本文选定水泥细度、三氧化硫含量、碳酸钾掺量、混合材掺量及半水石膏和二水石膏比例五种参数,对若干普通硅酸盐水泥样品进行五因素四水平正交试验,通过水泥净浆流动度的测定,对比研究了不同参数、不同水平时水泥和高效减水剂的相容性,从而得到最优组合和影响因素的主次关系,验证了正交试验方法研究水泥和高效减水剂相容性的可行性。     

钛石膏作缓凝剂对水泥净浆流动度影响的研究

本文重点研究了钛石膏对M32.5、P·C42.5、P·O42.5及P·Ⅱ42.5水泥净浆流动度的影响。结果表明,钛石膏完全取代脱硫石膏作水泥缓凝剂时,对M32.5和P·C42.5水泥净浆流动度的影响不大。当混合材粉煤灰与硫铁渣的掺量比为3∶5时,钛石膏做缓凝剂使得P·O42.5水泥的净浆流动度降低约10 mm,而当掺量比为5∶3和1∶1时,混合材改善了钛石膏对P·O42.5水泥的净浆流动度的负面影响。对于P·Ⅱ42.5水泥,钛石膏替代脱硫石膏导致净浆流动度降低25 mm。     

粉煤灰对水泥胶凝体系与高效减水剂相容性影响的研究

从水泥、粉煤灰和高效减水剂的作用机理出发,通过净浆流动度试验测定饱和点值和流动度经时损失两个指标来检测和评价水泥以及不同掺量、不同细度粉煤灰胶凝材料体系与高效减水剂的相容性问题.     

从新拌混凝土初始流动度和经时损失角度谈水泥的生产

从水泥水化(特别是C3A的水化)角度讨论水泥与减水剂的适应性,分析了影响混凝土流动性能的主要因素;提出了生产与减水剂适应的优质水泥的技术措施。熟料的快烧急冷、合理的水泥颗粒级配,能有效改善混凝土的初始净浆流动度及经时损失;而出磨水泥温度过高、多孔类混合材的掺入、加助磨剂的闭路粉磨工艺,均会引起水泥粒度分布变窄,导致水泥净浆初始坍落度降低。     

复掺混合材水泥流变性及其与高效减水剂相容性的研究

根据工厂实际情况设计混合材正交配比水平,通过Marsh时间和水泥净浆流动度实验,比较复掺矿渣、粉煤灰、石灰石对水泥流变性的影响,发现粉煤灰对浆体流变性的影响最大;并从中挑选流变性较好的几组试样,测试其与高效减水剂的相容性,得出最佳配比.即当掺入0.6%的萘系高效减水剂时,最佳复掺混合材配比为矿渣21%,粉煤灰3%,石灰...     

水泥中石膏对萘系减水剂作用效果的影响研究

混凝土外加剂与水泥相容性问题的影响因素很多,其中石膏的种类和掺量就是其中之一。以减水剂为例,其在水泥混凝土应用中存在饱和点,通过饱和点的变化可判定水泥与减水剂的相容性好坏。采用不同石膏掺量,不同高效减水剂掺量的水泥净浆试验,进行5,30,60min的净浆流动度的测试及饱和点的确定。结果表明,随着水泥中石膏含量的增加,减水剂的饱和点不断降低,饱和点时净浆流动度不断下降,水泥与减水剂的相容性越差。另外,还对石膏品种对减水剂相容性的影响进行了概要性的介绍。     

提高水泥质量 改善水泥与外加剂相容性

简述了水泥矿物成分、混合材品种和掺入量、含碱量、水泥温度及储存时间、水泥颗粒形状及配级、石膏形态及掺量对水泥与外加剂适应性的影响,提高水泥与外加剂相容性,水泥配料上应控制A1203、C3S含量在适当范围,使用天然二水石膏作为水泥调凝剂,复掺混合材(矿渣、粉煤灰、石灰石等优质混合材),降低水泥中可溶碱的含量,降低出窑熟料及出厂水泥温度,控制水泥颗粒分布及颗粒形状。     

影响水泥与减水剂相容性的因素及机理综述

0引言根据已有的文献资料,针对水泥来讲,影响水泥与减水剂相容性的因素有:水泥细度、C₃A含量、碱含量、石膏的形态和掺量、混合材的种类等。并有大量文章就其机理进行了研究和分析,并且将重点放在了C₃A含量和细度上。但在实践中,利用这些机理去解决水泥与减水剂相容性问题时,有时却不能很好地解决问题,表明在这些因素之外还存在其他的影响因素或者没有抓住问题的关键。     

不同混合材掺量对低碱水泥的适应性试验研究

通过对不同种类及掺量的混合材对低碱水泥流动性能的试验研究,得出:低碱硅酸盐水泥中掺入矿渣粉、粉煤灰、石灰石等混合材有利于改善浆体流动性能,且双掺效果较单掺好;外加剂掺入量对流动性能的改善是随着掺量的增加而增加的.但外加剂的掺入存在一个适宜、经济的掺入量问题;石灰石为非活性混合材,本试验研究结果表明它能显著增大水泥流动性且保持较小的经时损失,但其掺量不宜过大.     

提高水泥净浆流动度的措施

大连金山水泥制造有限公司2500t/d生产线,其水泥粉磨系统配套4台Φ3m×11m闭路磨,主要生产P·O42.5及以上散装水泥,混合材掺加量基本在16%左右,其中矿渣8%,石灰石3%,矿渣粉5%。自2007年投产以来水泥各项指标和性能一直比较稳定,水泥3d抗压强度在28MPa以上,水泥净浆流动度平均在180mm左右。但据商品混凝土搅拌站反映,水泥净浆流动度偏低,而且每到夏季时水泥净浆流动度降低且波动较大,搅拌站只好通过增加外加剂掺加量的办法来改善混凝土性能,既增加了混凝土成本,又给施工带来不便。近年来,公司不断地采取技术措施,改善和提高水泥净浆流动度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.