钢纤维改善混凝土力学性能和微观结构的研究

研究了水胶比为0.45,钢纤维掺量为0、0.5％、1.0％、1.5％和2.0％的五种混凝土的力学性能以及其水化28天后的微观形貌.结果表明:钢纤维对混凝土的抗压强度改善并不明显,当钢纤维掺量为1.5％时,混凝土的抗压强度仅比普通混凝土提高了7.4％;但钢纤维的掺入大大提高了混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度,当钢纤维掺量为1.5％时,混凝土劈裂抗拉强度提高了80％,当钢纤维掺量为2.0％时,混凝土抗拉强度提高了近一倍.混凝土的宏观力学性能特征与微观结构分析结果相吻合.     

双掺微硅粉和粉煤灰对钢纤维再生混凝土力学性能的影响

为了研究双掺微硅粉和粉煤灰对钢纤维再生混凝土力学性能的影响,制备了微硅粉和粉煤灰掺量分别为0、3％、6％、9％、12％、15％的36组试件,测试了钢纤维再生混凝土的坍落度、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度.结果表明:钢纤维再生混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度以及抗折强度均随着粉煤灰以及微硅粉掺量的增大而先增大后减小;钢纤...     

基于正交试验的聚丙烯泡沫混凝土基本力学性能研究

通过正交试验，研究了聚丙烯泡沫混凝土(PPFC)的基本力学性能及应力-应变本构关系。研究表明：在试验变量范围内，增加聚丙烯纤维(PP)体积掺量(0.5%、1.0%和1.5%),PPFC试件立方体抗压、轴心抗压和劈裂抗拉强度均依次降低；增大PP长度(3、6和9 mm),PPFC试件立方体抗压、轴心抗压和劈裂抗拉强度均先增大后减小；PPFC试件立方体抗压强度随粉煤灰(FA)质量掺量(40%、45%和50%)增加先增大后减小，轴心抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度随FA掺量增加均依次减小。基于直观分析法，可得正交试验最优配合比组合为A₁B₂C₂,即PP体积掺量为0.5%,PP长度为6 mm, FA质量掺量为45%。PPFC受压试件破坏形态均为压剪破坏，破坏裂缝主要为斜裂缝，并伴有竖向裂缝，破坏面一般为斜面破坏；劈裂受拉试件破坏形态均为劈裂破坏，破坏裂缝均为沿荷载施加方向的竖向裂缝。基于单因素变量法可得，增加PP体积掺量(0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%和0.6%),PPFC试件立方体抗压、轴心抗压和劈裂抗拉强度均先增...     

聚丙烯纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能及破坏机理研究

轻骨料混凝土因轻质、保温、抗震性能好等特点得到广泛应用,但其高脆性导致力学性能较差.研究不同类型聚丙烯纤维对轻骨料混凝土力学性能的影响,将长度为6 mm、12 mm、19 mm的聚丙烯纤维分别以体积掺量0.1％、0.2％、0.3％加入到轻骨料混凝土中,测量其抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度,研究纤维在混凝土内作用机理及轻骨料混凝土破坏机理.研究结果表明:掺入聚丙烯纤维长度12 mm体积掺量0.1％时轻骨料混凝土抗压强度最高,较基准混凝土提高14.74％;当掺入纤维长度6 mm体积掺量0.1％时劈裂抗拉强度最高,较基准混凝土提高7.78％,聚丙烯纤维对轻骨料混凝土劈裂抗拉强度影响不大.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察混凝土微观结构发现,受荷载破坏后聚丙烯纤维存在拔出或拉断两种破坏形式.应用数字图像相关方法(DIC)分析试件表面应变场的变化,应变集中于骨料-水泥基体界面区,裂缝扩展穿过骨料以及骨料-水泥基体界面区导致混凝土破坏.     

回收轮胎钢纤维再生骨料混凝土基本力学性能试验研究

混凝土的基本力学性能与破坏形态是反映试件在不同受力状态下承载能力与韧性的重要指标。为了研究回收轮胎钢纤维(RTSF)再生骨料混凝土的基本力学性能,试验设计了8组不同种类的混凝土试件。通过坍落度、含气量、立方体抗压、劈裂抗拉与抗折试验,系统的探究了RTSF体积掺量(0.25%、0.5%、0.75%和1.0%)和再生骨料取代率(质量分数分别为50%、75%和100%)对混凝土基本力学性能以及破坏形态的影响。研究表明:随着再生骨料取代率的升高,混凝土拌合物坍落度减小、含气量增大,各项力学性能均产生不同程度的降低;RTSF能够有效提高再生骨料混凝土的基本力学性能,且试件的破坏形态随RTSF掺量的增加呈现出明显的延性破坏特征。综合各项指标,当再生骨料取代率为50%时,RTSF体积掺量为0.5%的RTSF再生骨料混凝土力学性能最佳。其试件立方体抗压强度(28 d)较普通混凝土仅降低1.0%,而劈裂抗拉强度与抗折强度较普通混凝土分别提高9.6%和12.5%。此外其弯曲韧度指数I₅、I₁₀和I₂₀分别为普通混凝土的2.7倍、3.8倍和4.8倍。     

热处理时间对磷石膏基复合胶凝材料劈裂抗拉性能的影响

通过恒温烘箱对磷石膏(PG)进行热处理,复掺灰钙粉、普通硅酸盐水泥、缓凝剂及减水剂制备磷石膏基复合胶凝材料(PGCM),研究热处理时间对PGCM的劈裂抗拉强度、轴心抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度折减系数、破坏形态、劈裂抗拉应力-应变曲线的影响规律。结果表明:PGCM的劈裂抗拉强度随热处理时间的延长先增加后减小,当热处理时间为90 min时,PGCM的劈裂抗拉强度最大达到1.68 MPa;轴心抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度折减系数随热处理时间的延长几乎都减小,PGCM的劈裂抗拉强度为轴心抗压强度的4.2%~9.2%;PGCM的破坏形态主要有中心开裂破坏、局部破坏和次要裂缝破坏;PGCM的劈裂抗拉应力-应变曲线先逐渐上升后呈直线下降。结合试验数据,得到PGCM的轴心抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度的换算关系以及劈裂抗拉应力-应变上升段曲线方程,拟合结果与试验数据较吻合。     

超细钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土力学性能研究

为研究超细钢-聚丙烯纤维对混凝土力学性能的影响,进行了9组超细钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土试件的立方体抗压强度和劈裂强度试验,分析了超细钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维体积掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明:混杂纤维的掺入使混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂强度及拉压比均有提高,混杂纤维混凝土破坏产生明显延性特征;超细钢纤维体积掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响最大,混凝土强度及拉压比随超细钢纤维掺量增加而增大;聚丙烯纤维体积掺量增加对混凝土力学性能的影响并非线性提高,混掺0.1%聚丙烯纤维和1.5%超细钢纤维的混凝土获得最佳力学性能,抗压强度提高19.42%,劈裂抗拉强度提高56.78%,拉压比提高30.16%。     

不同玄武岩纤维掺量的早强混凝土劈裂拉伸强度研究

配制了体积掺量为0％、0.1％、0.2％和0.3％的玄武岩纤维增强早强混凝土,利用液压试验装置,对其3d、7d及28 d的劈裂拉伸性能进行测试,并对纤维改善因子(FII)进行了分析.试验结果表明:除了纤维掺量为0.3％的3d劈裂拉伸强度略有降低外,其余掺量对早强混凝土各龄期的劈裂拉伸强度均有不同程度的提升,且当掺量为0.2％时增强效果最佳;BC1和BC2组混凝土试件劈裂拉伸强度在7d龄期时增长量最大,28 d次之,3d最小,而BC3组试件的劈裂拉伸强度增长量则随着龄期的增长而逐渐增加,且前期增长迅速,后期较为缓慢.     

高性能橡胶粉混凝土动态压缩性能研究

在微机控制电液伺服压力试验机上对高性能橡胶粉混凝土(HPRC)试件进行单轴压缩试验,研究了橡胶粉体积掺量和应变率对高性能橡胶粉混凝土性能的影响.研究结果表明,高性能橡胶粉混凝土峰值应力和割线模量表现出一定的应变率强化效应,而橡胶粉的掺入会降低峰值应力和割线模量提升的幅度;峰值应变未表现出应变率敏感性,橡胶粉的掺入会增强混凝土的变形能力;分析了应变能与试件破坏形态的关系,应变率增大,试件破坏前贮存的应变能增大,试件破坏更严重,呈脆性破坏,掺入橡胶粉后,混凝土的韧性改善较大,试件破坏时呈现裂而不散的特性.     

钢纤维混凝土力学性能试验研究

为探究钢纤维混凝土力学性能及最优掺量,对不同体积掺量的的钢纤维进行混凝土进行抗压试验、劈裂抗拉试验。试验结果表明:抗压强度随钢纤维掺量增加增强效果不显著,劈裂抗拉强度随钢纤维掺量增加有明显提高。进一步基于试验数据,拟合出钢纤维混凝土强度与钢纤维含量及基准混凝土强度关系,并根据试验结果分别得出了钢纤维最优掺量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。