天然鳞片石墨/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及导热性能研究

以天然鳞片石墨为导热填料,E44型环氧树脂为基体,采用超声分散法制备天然鳞片石墨/环氧树脂复合导热材料.系统考察了天然鳞片石墨用量、石墨粒度和炭黑添加量等因素对复合材料导热性能的影响.结果表明:随着天然鳞片石墨用量增加,复合材料的导热系数增大,抗压强度先增加后减小;复合材料的导热系数随天然石墨粒径的增大而增大,抗压强度先减小后增加;在石墨/环氧树脂复合导热材料中添加不同用量的炭黑时,随着炭黑添加量的增加,复合材料的抗压强度增大,导热系数先增大后减小.制备天然鳞片石墨/环氧树脂复合导热材料的最佳配方为天然鳞片石墨用量45％,粒径≤270 μm,炭黑用量2％.     

中央空调气凝胶岩棉复合保温材料

针对传统保温材料存在的导热系数高、防火性能弱、强度不足等问题,提出采用性能优异的气凝胶材料来制备复合保温材料。对比了中央空调用各种保温材料的性能,分析了气凝胶材料的应用优势。将气凝胶材料应用到空调管道的保温领域中,以不同质量分数的气凝胶材料制备气凝胶岩棉复合保温材料,确定了复合保温材料的最佳生产工艺和配比,研究了气凝胶含量、岩棉板厚度和密度参数对复合保温材料导热系数和抗压强度的影响。结果表明：添加7%的气凝胶、以40 mm厚度和120 kg/m3密度的岩棉板制备的复合保温材料保温性能最佳;添加一定量的SiO2气凝胶,有助于提高复合保温材料的抗压强度。     

建筑阻燃复合保温材料的制备及性能研究

针对传统有机保温材料作为主要原材料进行房屋构建时存在的导热系数高、密度大等缺陷,设计出一种建筑阻燃复合保温材料,采用烟密度测试仪在有焰测试条件下对不同掺量的EPS保温材料的光通量进行测试,利用正交试验对该材料的性能进行优化,在此基础上,确定阻燃复合保温材料的最佳配比.为保证阻燃复合保温材料的阻燃性能,对该材料的密度、导...     

聚氨酯填充型泡沫混凝土复合材料的性能研究

将不同掺量聚氨酯（PU）加入泡沫混凝土（FC）,研究聚氨酯填充型泡沫混凝土（FC/PU）复合材料的性能。结果表明：随着PU掺量的增加,FC/PU复合材料的导热系数不断降低,阻燃性能变差。PU掺量为0～4%时,随着PU掺量的增加,FC/PU复合材料的浆体黏度逐渐降低,气孔特性变好,抗压强度不断增大。PU掺量超过4%时,FC/PU复合材料黏度开始增大,气孔特性变差,抗压强度逐渐降低。PU掺量为4%时,FC/PU复合材料的综合性能最优,与未掺入PU相比,黏度降低62.7%,气孔特性较好,抗压强度提高75.0%,导热系数降低18.7%,阻燃性能仍能达到A1级。     

影响水泥基发泡保温材料孔结构的因素研究

以普通硅酸盐水泥(P.O 42.5)为主要胶凝材料,发泡剂采用植物改性泡沫剂,以膨胀珍珠岩和聚苯颗粒作为轻质保温骨料,同时掺加适量玻璃纤维,运用物理发泡工艺制备了水泥基轻质发泡保温材料.通过电子扫描显微镜分别研究了水灰比、玻璃纤维和轻骨料(膨胀珍珠岩和聚苯颗粒)对水泥基发泡保温材料试样中孔结构及其分布的影响,同时探讨了孔结构及其分布与材料导热系数之间的相互关系.实验结果表明:水灰比、玻璃纤维、轻骨料(膨胀珍珠岩和聚苯颗粒)的加入量与水泥基发泡保温材料的孔结构及其分布状态密切相关.     

轻骨料和防水剂对发泡保温材料性能的影响

试验以普通硅酸盐水泥(P.O42.5)为主要胶凝材料,采用膨胀珍珠岩和聚苯颗粒为轻质保温骨料,同时掺加适量玻璃纤维和防水剂;发泡剂采用植物改性泡沫剂,运用物理发泡工艺制备了水泥基轻质发泡保温材料.分别研究了膨胀珍珠岩、聚苯颗粒和防水剂掺量对水泥基轻质发泡保温材料性能的影响,确定了水泥基轻质发泡保温材料的最佳配合比.试验结果表明:玻璃纤维掺量占水泥质量1.5％,轻骨料总掺量为7％,膨胀珍珠岩与聚苯颗粒混合比例为1∶2,有机硅防水剂掺量为4％时,水泥基轻质发泡保温材料的各项性能指标良好,干密度较低、抗压强度较高且防水性能较好,其28 d干密度和抗压强度分别为298 kg/m3和1.43 MPa,体积吸水率为17.32％.     

石膏-粉煤灰基复合材料性能研究

本文研究了膨胀珍珠岩、短切维尼纶纤维、水泥熟料对石膏-粉煤灰基胶凝材料抗折、抗压、软化系数和表观密度的影响.结果表明, 半水石膏-粉煤灰胶结材硬化体的强度随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而降低;添加水泥熟料作为粉煤灰的激发剂,可使石膏-粉煤灰复合材料的耐水性能提高;以珍珠岩作为轻骨料的复合材料,随着珍珠岩质量分数的增加,对复合材料的力学性能影响不是很大,复合材料的密度大大减小;短切维尼纶纤维对复合材料的对抗压强度贡献不大,只可以增强制品的抗折强度.     

水下保温高密度聚氨酯硬泡的制备与性能研究

研制了一种高密度聚氨酯硬泡保温材料,从催化剂的筛选开始,确定了催化剂的选取;研究了催化剂和匀泡剂对材料的泡孔结构的影响,并测量了其导热系数;调节原料用量来控制密度,研究了不同密度下抗压强度的大小;探究了调节聚醚多元醇的配比来增大材料的剪切强度。     

岩棉纤维对珍珠岩尾矿制备的无机保温材料物理特性的影响

以珍珠岩细砂尾矿为主要原料,采用常温发泡的方法制备了新型的无机保温材料,重点探讨了岩棉纤维添加量对保温材料物理特性的影响。研究发现,随着岩棉添加量的增加,保温材料的内部气孔的平均孔径变大且均匀性变差,孔隙率呈现先升高后降低的变化规律;而抗压强度却不断提高,导热系数逐渐降低。结合常温发泡制备保温材料的机理,对上述规律进行了初步的解释。     

轻质环氧基复合材料隔热性能的实验与数值研究

通过实验和数值模拟方法研究了空心玻璃微球/环氧树脂复合材料隔热性能。首先使用ANSYS/APDL建立代表性体积单元,探讨了模拟过程中模型尺寸、填料体积分数、填料平均粒径及基体与填料导热系数之比(λ_m/λ_p,λ_m保持不变)对复合材料导热系数的影响。数值研究结果表明:当代表性体积单元尺寸大于500μm时,模型尺寸对复合材料导热系数的计算结果影响较小;复合材料导热系数随填料体积分数和λ_m/λ_p的增大而减小,且基本不受填料粒径影响。其次,将复合材料导热系数实验值和计算结果进行对比,比较发现导热系数计算结果和实验值及Agari模型理论值吻合较好,证明了计算方法的可靠性。同时,空心玻璃微球的掺入有效地降低了树脂的密度。轻质隔热的空心玻璃微球/环氧树脂复合材料有潜力成为一种具有广泛应用前景的节能环保材料。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.