再生混凝土抗冻性能的试验研究

研究了水灰比、掺合料、引气剂对再生混凝土抗冻性的影响。研究结果表明,水灰比越低,抗冻性能越好,低水灰比的再生高强混凝土即使不掺引气剂,抗冻性也非常优良,对中高水灰比的再生混凝土,要改善其抗冻性,掺引气剂是十分必要的。掺入硅灰抗冻性能有所改善,但掺入粉煤灰使其抗冻性有所下降。     

浮石混合骨料混凝土冻融损伤模型及剩余寿命预测

本文在对浮石轻骨料混凝土实验研究得到实验数据的基础上,对浮石轻骨料混凝土的抗冻性能做更深层次的研究,基于浮石轻骨料混凝土的质量和相对动弹性模量的变化规律,建立了浮石轻骨料混凝土的冻融损伤模型,并对浮石轻骨料混凝土的剩余寿命进行预测,通过试验研究表明浮石轻骨料混凝土的抗冻性能较好,随着浮石替代量的增加,混凝土的剩余寿命增加但抗压强度降低.     

Ⅰ级粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻融性能

以往的概念是掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰后,随掺量的增大,会大幅度降低混凝土的抗冻融性能,但Ⅰ级粉煤灰对混凝土的抗冻融性能将如何影响呢?我们比较了Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级粉煤灰对混凝土抗冻性的影响,并分析了两者差异的原因.试验结果表明:在粉煤灰掺量相同时,混凝土达到相同引气量所用的引气剂掺量,Ⅱ级粉煤灰是Ⅰ级的2～3倍.无论是Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级粉煤灰,较低的水灰比和合适的含气量,是保证粉煤灰混凝土具有较高抗冻性能的决定性因素.相同条件下,Ⅰ级粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性能优于Ⅱ级粉煤灰混凝土的抗冻性能.     

纤维轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤模型研究

选用钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维及混杂纤维掺入轻骨料混凝土进行抗冻性试验.对冻融循环试验结果研究,提出基于动弹性模量衰减的纤维轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤模型.比较发现模型采用直线方程与一元二次方程的分段型数学模型拟合精度高.并根据损伤理论分析掺入不同纤维对轻骨料混凝土冻融损伤速度的影响,结果说明掺人混杂纤维优于聚丙烯纤维及钢纤维.     

再生骨料对再生混凝土抗冻性的影响及改善措施

在我国北方地区,冻融损伤破坏是影响混凝土耐久性的重要因素。随着对再生骨料混凝土的深入研究,再生混凝土的抗冻性能成为重要研究课题之一。文章分析了再生骨料混凝土在实际应用中现存的问题,总结分析了再生骨料对再生混凝土抗冻性的影响,并提出了提高再生骨料混凝土抗冻性的措施建议。     

玻化微珠作为混凝土骨料的吸声性能研究

为研究玻化微珠作为轻集料对混凝土吸声性能的影响,试验采用引气剂发泡,经试验确定玻化微珠的掺量为20%,在此基础上进一步探索水灰比、掺和料对混凝土吸声性能的影响。试验表明:随着水灰比增大,混凝土的吸声性能先增大后降低,水灰比为0. 5时平均吸声系数为52. 3%;引气剂的掺量为0. 3%时平均吸声系数为53. 1%;掺入0. 2%的聚丙烯纤维时,能有效促进混凝土内部形成连通的孔隙进而提高混凝土的吸声性能,混凝土的平均吸声系数达到了55. 6%。     

高性能混凝土抗冻性能影响因素的探讨

混凝土结构的寿命无法满足使用要求,除强度不足原因外,主要还是由于混凝土自身耐久性差,其中冻融循环作用是影响、表征混凝土耐久性寿命的一个十分重要的因素。本文重点从水灰比、掺合料不同比例复掺、加入引气剂以及标准养护龄期等因素,分析了其对高性能混凝土抗冻性的影响。研究结果表明：高性能混凝土的抗冻性会随着水灰比的降低而增大;掺合料的加入使其抗冻性降低,且掺量越多性能降低越明显,但掺合料复掺效果优于单掺,单掺矿粉的效果优于单掺粉煤灰;引气剂的加入使其抗冻性大大提高;随着标准养护龄期延长,其抗冻性增加。     

粉煤灰和磨细矿渣对高强轻骨料混凝土抗渗及抗冻性能的影响

研究了粉煤灰和磨细矿渣对高强轻骨料混凝土抗渗及抗冻性能的影响。结果表明：粉煤灰和磨细矿渣的复合掺入能显著提高高强轻骨料混凝土的强度、抗渗及抗冻性能。在不掺入引气剂的情况下,轻骨料混凝土的抗冻性达F200以上。轻骨料混凝土的扫描电镜照片表明：粉煤灰和磨细矿渣的综合效应,使火山灰反应更加充分,Ca(OH)2含量降低,轻骨料与水泥石的界面过渡区得到强化,混凝土结构更加密实,其抗渗、抗冻性能得到进一步提高。     

钢纤维轻骨料混凝土抗冻性试验研究

我国混凝土结构量大面广,自建国以来兴建了大量的混凝土建筑物.但是,随着运行时间的增长,混凝土建筑物的老化问题日益突出,即混凝土结构的耐久性问题.本文对钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的杭冻融性能进行了试脸研究.冻融试验分为两种强度等级(LC30,LC35),LC35冻融循环25次、50次、75次;LC30冻融循环50次、100次.以试脸数据为依据,分析了冻融循环次数、混凝土强度子级、钢纤维体积率等因素对轻骨料混凝土冻融后抗压强度及其质量损失的影响规律.研究结果表明,随着钢纤维休积掺量的增加,混凝土的抗冻性能也有所提高.     

氯化钠、硫酸钠溶液对混凝土抗冻性的影响及其机理

研究了混凝土在质量分数为3．5％的氯化钠溶液、5．0％的硫酸钠溶液中的抗冻性,结果表明,不同的盐溶液对混凝土抗冻性有不同的影响,在氯化钠溶液中冻融时,混凝土表面产生严重的剥落;而在硫酸钠溶液中冻融时,质量损失小,原因在于氯化钠溶液冻结以后压缩塑尾较小,而硫酸钠溶液冻结后在压缩塑性很大,在溶液中冻融时混凝土的相对动弹性模量下降比在水中略为缓慢,但水灰比0．26的混凝土在硫酸钠溶液中冻融后期相对动弹性模量下降很快,过早破坏,原因在于经过一定时间硫酸盐侵蚀发挥作用以后与冻融破坏产生交互作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。