早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期性能形成影响的试验研究

早强剂作为一种能够显著提高混凝土早期强度的外加剂,对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土的早期性能有着较大影响.试验采用WDW-E微机控制电子万能试验机分别对不同养护龄期下三种不同的湿密度,分别为500、800和1000 kg/m3的轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土试样做了室内无侧限单轴抗压试验,分析了不同湿密度、不同掺和量的氯化钙、硫酸钠及碳酸钠3种早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期强度形成的影响.结果表明:掺入不同掺和量的3种早强剂均可显著提高轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期强度指标(抗压强度和弹性模量),特别是试样3d、7d抗压强度及弹性模量,但对试样养护后期的强度指标形成影响不大;就三种早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土试样的早强效果而言,以硫酸钠早强剂的早强效果最好,氯化钙早强剂早强效果稍差,碳酸钠早强剂早强效果最差;各湿密度下以早强剂掺入量为2.0％左右早强效果较为理想.     

掺煤矸石泡沫混凝土制备及力学性能

将粉磨之后的煤矸石掺入混凝土中制备了煤矸石泡沫混凝土,并研究了煤矸石的粉磨时间一定时煤矸石的掺量,以及煤矸石掺量固定时煤矸石的粉磨时间对掺煤矸石泡沫混凝土的体积密度、扩展度和抗压强度的影响.结果 表明,水料比为0.37时,煤矸石对泡沫混凝土的体积密度无明显影响.水料比为0.27时,掺煤矸石泡沫混凝土的体积密度随煤矸石粉掺量的增加先减小后增加.泡沫混凝土的抗压强度随着材料的水料比以及煤矸石掺量的增加而降低.此外,泡沫混凝土的抗压强度随着煤矸石粉磨时间的增加而先增加后降低,粉磨时间为75 min时,其抗压强度最大.     

水泥-铁尾矿泡沫混凝土的性能研究

研究了铁尾矿掺量对水泥-铁尾矿泡沫混凝土的干体积密度和抗压强度的影响,以及孔结构对泡沫混凝土导热系数的影响.测试了泡沫混凝土的导热系数,用显微镜和图像分析软件分析了泡沫混凝土的气孔结构,建立泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与干体积密度的关系模型,分析导热系数随孔结构的变化规律.结果表明铁尾矿取代水泥后泡沫混凝土的抗压强度降低,且其影响程度随混凝土气孔率的增大而减小.泡沫混凝土的抗压强度与干体积密度呈对数关系,与铁尾矿掺量成指数关系.泡沫混凝土密度相同时,气孔孔径越大抗压强度越高.随着气孔孔径的增大,泡沫混凝土的导热系数逐渐增大;随着孔隙率的增大,泡沫混凝土的导热系数逐渐减小;当孔隙率一定时,气孔孔径越小导热系数越小.     

掺稻壳灰泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究

以稻壳灰作为掺合料制备了掺稻壳灰的泡沫混凝土,研究了稻壳灰含量和泡沫体积占比对泡沫混凝土干密度、湿密度、吸水率、抗压强度和导热系数的影响.结果 表明,当稻壳灰含量为0％和10％时,水泥泡沫混凝土和碱激发泡沫混凝土的干密度、湿密度、7d和28 d抗压强度、导热系数都随着泡沫体积比增大而逐渐减小,而吸水率则随着泡沫体积比增大而逐渐增加.相较于水泥泡沫混凝土,相同稻壳灰含量和泡沫体积占比的碱激发泡沫混凝土的干密度、湿密度、吸水率和导热系数都相对更小,抗压强度更大.无论稻壳灰含量为0％还是10％,水泥泡沫混凝土的导热系数都不满足规范标准要求,而碱激发泡沫混凝土的导热系数都满足规范标准要求.     

早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期抗压强度影响试验分析

通过对湿密度分别为500 kg／m3、800 kg／m3、1000 kg／m3的轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土试样进行了室内无侧限单轴压缩试验,分析了氯化钙和硫酸钠两种早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期抗压强度的影响;借助光学显微技术并通过图像分析软件,从微观角度解释了氯化钙、硫酸钠早强剂对轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期抗压强度形成的影响。结果表明：两种早强剂均可使轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土早期抗压强度有较大幅度提高,特别是3d、7 d、14 d抗压强度提高幅度分别至少在44．3％、25．4％和11．2％,但对28 d抗压强度提高不明显;两种早强剂均可使轻质复合发泡泡沫混凝土的微观结构指标显著提高,硫酸钠早强剂提高效果更为明显。     

水泥品种和用量对泡沫混凝土性能的影响

分别以4种42.5水泥作为胶凝材料,使用Ⅱ级粉煤灰替代部分水泥,利用化学发泡法制备了干表观密度≤250 kg/m3的泡沫混凝土。研究了4种水泥对此种泡沫混凝土的发泡倍数、浆体稳定性、抗压强度、干表观密度、体积吸水率和导热系数的影响。试验结果表明:水泥的品种和用量对该泡沫混凝土的各种性能有着不同程度的影响,尤其是对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响较明显;4种水泥相比,其中,硅酸盐水泥的效果最好,硫铝酸盐水泥的效果次之,普通硅酸盐水泥的效果第三,矿渣硅酸盐水泥的效果最差。     

物理发泡泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究

利用正交试验确定了物理发泡泡沫混凝土的配比,制作泡沫混凝土保温板.分析了几种外加剂对水泥抗压强度的影响,并研究了泡沫掺量和稳泡剂对泡沫混凝土强度的影响.结果表明,外加剂对抗压强度的影响由大到小依次为:加水量＞硫酸钠＞水玻璃＞木钠＞硫铝水泥;随着泡沫掺量的增大,泡沫混凝土的抗压强度逐渐减小;随着稳泡剂掺量的增大,泡沫混凝土抗压强度逐渐增大.     

水泥基轻质保温材料的研制

研究了水料比、水泥、泡沫、粉煤灰和玻璃纤维等因素对泡沫混凝土表观密度和强度的影响,提高了制品强度,得到保温泡沫混凝土的优化配比:水料比0.45、水泥240kg/m3、粉煤灰60kg/m3、激发剂0.24kg/m3、减水剂1kg/m3、耐碱玻璃纤维1.5kg/m3;保温泡沫混凝土表观密度292 kg/m3、抗压强度0.54MPa、导热系数0.067 W/(m·K)。     

煤矸石对泡沫混凝土孔结构的影响

本文将粉磨之后的煤矸石替代部分水泥掺入到混凝土中,通过物理发泡工艺制备煤矸石泡沫混凝土。采用FiJi-imageJ图像分析技术等对泡沫混凝土的孔径分布、平均孔径、气孔直径等进行表征,分析了煤矸石改善泡沫混凝土成孔的原因以及煤矸石粉磨粒径对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响。结果表明:当掺入粒径为45 μm的煤矸石粉时,泡沫混凝土的强度随着掺量的增加逐步下降,而掺入粒径为15 μm的煤矸石粉时,强度则随掺量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;在调节孔结构方面,粒径为45 μm的煤矸石粉优于粒径为15 μm的煤矸石粉,并在50%(质量分数)掺量下达到最优效果。     

矿物掺合料对泡沫混凝土的性能影响

研究了单掺粉煤灰、矿渣粉和复掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉对干密度为400 kg/m3泡沫混凝土的抗压强度、导热系数以及吸水率的性能影响.当粉煤灰掺量为10%时,可增加抗压强度,掺量为30%时显著降低导热系数和吸水率;当矿粉掺量为20%时,可增加抗压强度和降低吸水率,但导热系数却随掺量增大而变大;当复掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉取代50%水泥,复掺比例为2:3时,能增加抗压强度和降低吸水率,导热系数随复掺比例增大而变大.在泡沫混凝土中掺加矿物掺合料,不仅可以降低水化热,还可以减少泡沫混凝土的开裂程度,该项研究成果为今后泡沫混凝土在地基保温处理、屋面保温、地暖垫层等方面提供了应用价值.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。