BiOBr/BiOI-FACs光催化降解四环素的动力学研究

本文采用中和水解法制备了BiOBr/BiOI-FACs光催化剂,并用XRD和SEM进行了表征分析.以四环素为模型污染物,从动力学的角度研究了四环素初始浓度、不同催化剂用量、不同光源和不同反应体系pH值对光催化反应速率的影响;动力学实验结果得到最优条件为:催化剂用量为0.3g、初始四环素浓度为5 mg/L、pH值为2的酸性条件和LED紫光(405 nm)照射.LED蓝光(450 nm)照射下同样具有较好的光催化活性,光催化降解过程符合一级反应动力学方程.     

WO_3/BiOBr复合催化剂的制备及可见光催化降解甲基橙

以Bi(NO_3)5·5H_2O、Na Br、H_2WO_4为原料,采用一步水热合成法合成不同n(W)∶n(Br)的WO_3/BiOBr复合催化剂,并通过SEM和TEM对催化剂进行表征分析。以甲基橙为探针污染物,考察前驱液pH、水热温度、水热时间和n(W)∶n(Br)对WO_3/BiOBr复合催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,在pH为10.2、100℃水热时间6 h合成n(W)∶n(Br)为0.02的WO_3/BiOBr复合催化剂活性最好,光照120 min后,对目标污染物的降解率达99.39%,较BiOBr催化剂(合成条件为原始pH值,100℃水热反应6 h)提高了30.85%。采用水热合成法制备的WO_3/BiOBr复合催化剂具有良好的可见光活性。     

BiOBr/g-C3N4光催化剂的制备及其LED紫光光催化活性

以五水硝酸铋、溴化钾和三聚氰胺为原料,采用溶剂热法制备了摩尔比不同的BiOBr/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,并进行了XRD、SEM和DRS表征分析.以50 W LED紫光灯为光源,采用罗丹明B为目标降解物考察了制备样品的光催化性能.结果表明:摩尔比为1∶1的BiOBr/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的具有最优的光催化性能.机理实验结果表明:超氧自由基(O2·-)和空穴(h+)为BiOBr/g-C3N4复合光催化剂光催化过程最为主要的活性物种.     

WO_3/BiOBr光催化剂催化降解甲基橙溶液

采用水热法制备WO_3/BiOBr复合光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标污染物,分别考察了催化剂用量、甲基橙溶液初始浓度、pH值及盐效应等对复合光催化剂光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响,并通过循环使用实验,考察复合光催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,在催化剂用量为2.0 g·L~(-1)、甲基橙初始浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)和溶液pH=6.2的条件下光照反应2 h,甲基橙脱色率可达99.39%;溶液中的Na Cl对降解有抑制作用;催化剂重复使用4次后,对甲基橙的脱色率仍可达74.77%,表明复合光催化剂有良好的光催化活性和稳定性。     

浮石光催化剂的制备及其在印染废水处理中的应用

以天然浮石为载体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备含pb2 的TiO2光催化剂,并用制备的光催化剂处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水.研究了催化剂制备时溶胶的涂覆次数、掺杂Pb2 浓度、染液pH值、处理温度对染料废水处理效果的影响.结果表明,当涂覆4次、Pb(NO3)2浓度为2.0g/L,处理温度70℃条件下处理75min,脱色率可达89%.     

三维花状BiOBr/CNTs复合光催化剂降解罗丹明废水研究

以硝酸铋、溴化钠和CNTs为原料,采用醇热法制备BiOBr/CNTs复合管光催化剂。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对光催化剂的形貌进行了表征;以罗丹明废水溶液的降解为目标反应,考察了催化剂在可见光下的催化活性。结果表明,三维花球状BiOBr在可见光下有良好的光降解性能,加入CNTs后进一步提高了对光的吸收和利用,因此所制备的BiOBr/CNTs复合光催化剂表现出较高的光催化活性。     

浮石负载Fe3+/TiO2复合材料微波光降解染料废水的研究

以浮石为载体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备含Fe3+的TiO2光催化剂,并用制备的光催化剂处理染料废水.研究了涂覆催化剂的硝酸铁浓度、催化剂煅烧温度、催化剂涂覆次数、催化剂用量、曝气量、染液初始pH值、反应温度等对染料废水处理效果的影响.实验结果表明,用溶胶-凝胶法制备的Fe3+/TiO2/浮石光催化剂在反应温度为70℃、pH=...     

BiOBr/COF复合材料的制备及其光催化应用研究

以COF为基体负载BiOBr纳米颗粒,采用水热法制备BiOBr/COF复合材料,利用XRD、SEM和PL等手段对其进行表征,考察了BiOBr与COF质量比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对RhB降解率的影响。结果表明,BiOBr呈现绒毛球状且均匀分布在片状COF表面。光催化降解Rh B结果表明,在m(COF)∶m(BiOBr)为64∶100、水热温度为140℃、水热时间为10 h时,BiOBr/COF复合材料光催化活性最佳,RhB降解率达到98. 91%。光催化剂重复使用4次,降解率仍达到80. 12%。降解研究机理表明,·O2-是降解Rh B的主要活性物质。     

聚硅硫酸钛制备复合光催化剂及降解甲基橙的研究

以无机钛盐、硅酸盐为原料,制备了聚硅硫酸钛絮凝剂,然后利用其水溶液水解产物制备复合光催化剂,考察了钛与硅摩尔比、水解pH值、调节pH值所用碱的种类、煅烧温度和煅烧时间对该复合光催化剂降解甲基橙时活性的影响,并利用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对其进行了物性测试分析。结果表明：n（Ti）：n（Si）=12：1的聚硅酸硫酸钛,以NH3.H2O调节pH值,在pH值为6时水解,产物在650℃煅烧1.5h后制得的复合光催化剂活性最高,当其投加量为0.5g.L-1时,光催化反应30min后,甲基橙的脱色率可达100%。物性分析表明,聚硅钛制备的复合光催化剂是一种以锐钛矿为主、分散均匀的纳米级球形颗粒。     

Bi/BiOBr/ZnO异质结的制备及其光催化性能研究

本文采用水热/溶剂热合成法,制备了Bi/BiOBr/ZnO复合光催化剂,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）进行了结构表征,通过Bi/BiOBr/ZnO复合光催化剂在可见光下对甲基橙的降解效果,考察其光催化性能。结果表明,Bi/BiOBr/ZnO复合光催化剂的光催化性能很好,20min内对甲基橙的降解率最高可达到94%,是ZnO的14倍,BiOBr的7倍,BiOBr/ZnO的2倍。Bi/BiOBr/ZnO复合光催化剂催化效率的提高,得益于异质结构促进了光生电子/空穴对的分离。本工作可为铋基光催化剂的合成及其在废水处理方面的应用提供参考。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.