草酸铜煅烧法制备多孔氧化铜及Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能

制备多孔结构是提高材料对重金属离子吸附能力的一种有效方法.利用沉淀法制备了不同形貌的草酸铜粒子,再将草酸铜粒子在400℃煅烧,得到了具有优异吸附能力的CuO多孔微球.研究了Cu2和C2 O2-的摩尔比和反应温度对草酸铜以及煅烧后得到的CuO的物相、形貌和粒径的影响.对比分析了草酸铜和CuO多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附性能.由空心的草酸铜煅烧得到的CuO多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)离子表现出优异的吸附能力.最后分析了CuO多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)离子吸附的动力学和平衡吸附规律.     

溶剂热法合成硫化镉微晶工艺研究

以氯化镉为前驱体,硫化钠、硫代乙酰胺、硫脲等为硫源,乙二醇、乙醇等为溶剂,通过溶剂热法制备硫化镉微晶.设计L9(34)正交试验,探讨了反应温度、反应时间等对硫化镉微晶大小和形貌的影响.所得产物经离心、洗涤、干燥后,用纳米粒度仪分别测定各产物的平均粒径,同时用扫描电子显微镜测定部分产物的大小和形貌,并用极差分析法找寻最佳合成工艺.结果表明:以硫代乙酰胺为硫源,乙二醇为溶剂,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为10 h,可得到直径为0.5～0.7μm的片状硫化镉晶体.该方法工艺简单,反应条件温和,制备的硫化镉晶体大小分布均匀,形貌单一.     

草酸铜及纳米氧化铜的制备与表征

分别采用醋酸铜、硫酸铜、氯化铜和硝酸铜等4种不同铜源,制备出不同形貌的草酸铜前驱体.通过焙烧草酸铜前躯体,得到相应宏观结构由纳米晶构筑的氧化铜样品.用TG、SEM、XRD等分析测试手段,对产物的微观结构、物相进行了表征.结果表明,醋酸铜较适合作为铜源,所得氧化铜样品由纳米晶构筑且具有多孔结构.所制备的氧化铜对碱性条件双...     

沉淀法制备纳米CuO及微结构控制

以Cu(NO3)2为铜源，分别用水，乙醇作为分散剂，NaOH,NaOH-Na2CO3作沉淀剂，采用液相沉淀法制备了CuO纳米晶粒，并用XRD，TEM等测试手段对产物的结构，晶粒大小和形貌等进行了表征，结果表明，产物的微结构与焙烧温度，分散剂和沉淀剂的种类有关。以水为分散剂，产物的形态是分散性良好的纺锤型，而以乙醇为分散剂，产物的形态是分散性较好的球型，同NaOH作沉淀上比，共沉淀法制备了产物粒径较小，但团聚较严重，此外，初步研究了不同微结构纳米CuO对氯酸铵（AP）的催化活性。     

铜铟镓硒粉体的溶剂热法合成及表征

采用溶剂热法制备了铜铟镓硒(CuInxGa1-xSe2,CIGS)粉体.对合成的粉体采用X射线衍射进行物相分析,结果表明反应温度为230℃时可以得到单相CIGS粉体.对所制备的样品采用扫描电镜和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪等方法进行了表征,结果表明,反应温度对粒子大小的影响不大.反应时间对产物的形貌有较大的影响,230℃...     

酞菁铜溶解性研究及其电沉积薄膜的制备

通过测定α-酞菁铜(α-CuPc)在4种不同的有机溶剂中的紫外可见光吸收光谱,研究了不同溶剂以及加入不同量的三氟乙酸(TFAA)对酞菁铜溶解性和质子化的影响.以溶解性研究为基础,探讨了在电化学沉积法制备酞菁铜薄膜时不同工艺条件对其形貌的影响.实验结果表明:加入TFAA后,酞菁铜在硝基甲烷和氯仿中溶解良好,而且在氯仿中更容易质子化;使用扫描电镜(SEM)表征,结果表明TFAA及酞菁铜摩尔含量对薄膜制备的影响最为明显.     

形貌可控硫化铜的制备与表征

纳米结构的硫化铜(CuS)是一种性能良好的合成材料,广泛应用于太阳能电池、超导材料以及高能量锂离子电池等众多领域。分别采用了均匀沉淀法和溶剂热法合成硫化铜纳米粉体,并利用控制变量法,通过改变铜源和硫源及其化学计量比以及溶剂的不同配比,来探究不同实验条件对于硫化铜纳米材料形貌特征的影响。实验结果表明,反应物配比不同,会得到纳米花(球)和棱柱等不同形貌的硫化铜粉体。     

不同形貌纳米氧化锌的制备及其对有机催化反应活性的影响研究进展

纳米氧化锌是沿C轴具有较强极性的极性晶体,改变外部反应条件可以制备出棒状、层状、球状、花状等形貌多样的纳米级氧化锌晶体。近年来很多文献报道不同形貌的纳米氧化锌作为催化剂对甲醇合成、甲醇水蒸气重整制氢、乙醇水蒸气重整制氢等有机催化反应的活性不同。本文综述了反应溶剂、锌源、表面活性剂和pH值等反应条件对纳米氧化锌形貌影响的研究进展以及不同形貌的纳米氧化锌作为催化剂载体或催化剂活性组分对有机催化反应活性的影响。     

CuS/CNTs复合材料的制备及电容性能研究

以CuSO-4·5H_2O为铜源、升华硫为硫源、乙二醇作为溶剂,采用溶剂热法制备CuS纳米花,并在溶剂热过程中加入碳纳米管(CNTs)作为碳源,制备CuS/CNTs复合材料。用X射线粉末衍射、拉曼、扫描电镜等对产物的组成、形貌和尺寸进行了物理化学表征分析;并使用电化学工作站测试电化学性能。测试结果表明:CuS为单斜晶系,CNTs的加入可以减小复合材料的内阻,提高复合材料的电化学性能。     

不同形貌ZnO与Cu的相互作用及对醋酸异丙酯加氢性能的影响

采用水热法并通过控制前驱体溶液的浓度合成了不同形貌的盘状和柱状ZnO晶体,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、拉曼光谱(Raman)及氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等表征其形貌结构、生长习性及其与Cu之间的相互作用。发现随着前驱体溶液浓度的减小,ZnO晶体结构逐渐延长,六边形极性面直径减小,形状由盘状向柱状转变。然后分别将这些ZnO晶体作为助剂制备了不同形貌的Cu/ZnO催化剂,并用于醋酸异丙酯(IA)加氢合成乙醇和异丙醇的反应。结果发现:ZnO晶体的形貌结构对IA加氢催化性能有明显的影响,盘状Cu/ZnO-a催化剂具有最高的IA转化率和产物选择性;对催化活性与ZnO极性面所占比例进行了关联,得到了较好的线性关系,极性面比例越高,IA转化率越高。这归因于极性面比例较高的ZnO与Cu之间的相互作用更强,活性组分铜的分散更均匀、更容易还原,从而使催化加氢活性更高。     

废杂铜的回收与利用

介绍了我禺铜的需求及资源状况,提出了我国废杂铜回收利用的必要性。总结了国惠废杂铜的分类方法和废杂铜回收利用的现状以及废杂铜的回收处理方法,并针对国内废杂铜的回收利用情况提出了意见与建议,希望能够为我国废杂铜的回收利用提供参考。     

熔融铜渣回收铜及铜铁合金工艺研究

本文根据某炼铜熔融炉渣的矿物特性和选矿工艺特点,提出了一种"两步法"新工艺分别回收铜和铜铁合金,即低温阶段回收铜,高温阶段回收铜铁合金。该工艺对铜和铜铁合金提取比较充分,回收率均在90%以上。回收铜的品位可达99%,可直接送去火法精炼;产出的铜铁合金有害杂质少,可作为耐候钢的理想原料,其价值比纯铁高。此工艺用粉状或粒状非焦煤代替焦炭作还原剂,不用烧结,可以充分利用铜厂现有的设备,节省投资成本。该工艺简单易行,操作方便,有效实现了铜渣的资源化利用,具有良好的经济、社会和环境效益,是一种应用前景广阔的铜渣再利用工艺。     

Copper removal during formation of corrosion resistant alkaline oxide coatings on Al–Cu–Mg alloys

The performance of corrosion resistant inorganic oxide coatings formed on Al–Cu–Mg alloys is often degraded by Cu enrichment that occurs during oxide formation. This is particularly true of coating processes conducted in basic solutions. A modification to an alkaline oxide coating process has been made that simultaneously eliminates Cu enrichment and forms a corrosion resistant coating. In this paper, the modified process is described and the resulting coating morphology, structure and composition are reported. Results from electrochemical and exposure corrosion tests show that useful gains in corrosion resistance are achieved. Cu removal during the modified process is rationalized using an argument based on the increase in Cu solubility that occurs in solutions with a pHgreater than the solubility minimum for Cu (9.8), and the effect of Cu complexing by carbonate.     

Copper nucleation on titanium for thin film applications

Copper nucleation and growth on titanium substrates from concentrated acidic copper sulfate solutions was studied at 45 and 65C and high cathodic potentials. Electrochemical experiments allied to SEM examination were performed to characterize the mechanism of nucleation and its evolution with time. Particular emphasis was given to the influence of potential and agitation on the initial stages of nucleation and growth. Results indicated that most of copper nucleation on titanium from a 83g dm^–3 Cu²⁺ solution, at 65 C, is achieved in a matter of milliseconds. As expected, the initial stages of the copper nucleation and growth is strongly dependent of potential and temperature, and the influence of agitation is only evident at very high potentials. The calculated diffusion coefficients for Cu²⁺ at 45 and 65 C, under the experimental conditions, were found to be 9.16 × 10^–6 and 1.62 × 10^–5cm² s^–1, respectively.     

An Analysis of Contemporary Copper Recycling in China

Copper consumption increased very quickly in China in recent years, which could not be met by inland copper industry. In order to achieve a sustainable development of copper industry, an analysis of copper recycling in China was necessary. For the life cycle of copper products a copper-flow diagram with time factor was worked out and the contemporary copper recycling in China was analyzed, from which the following data were obtained. The average life cycle of copper products was 30 years. From 1998 to 2002, the use ratio of copper scraps in copper production, the use ratio of copper scraps in copper manufacture, the materials self-support ratio in copper production, and the materials self-support ratio in copper manufacture were 26.50%, 15.49%, 48.05% and 59.41%, respectively. The materials self-support ratios in copper production and manufacture declined year by year in recent years on the whole, and the latter dropped more quickly. The average index of copper ore and copper scrap from 1998 to 2002 were 0.8475 t/t and 0.0736 t/t, respectively; and copper resource efficiency was 1.1855 t/t. Some efforts should be paid to reduce copper ores consumption and promote copper scraps regeneration. Copper scraps were mostly imported from foreign countries because of shortage in recent years in China. Here the reasons related to copper scraps deficiency were also demonstrated. But we can forecast: when copper production was in a slow rise or in a steady state in China, the deficiency of copper scraps may be mitigated; when copper production was in a steady state for a very long time, copper scraps may become relatively abundant. According to the status of copper industry in China, the raw materials of copper production and manufacture have to depend on oversea markets heavily in recent years, and at the same time, the copper scraps using proportion and efficiency in copper industry should be improved.     

铜及铜合金着色

简述了铜及铜合金着色的原理.总结了铜及铜合金着黑色、褐色、绿色、蓝色的工艺配方及操作条件,介绍了手工点涂铜绿(铜锈)、双色点蚀(先着黑色再点蚀铜绿)、套色、着土黄铜绿色等多种特殊的着色工艺.     

液相空气氧化法制取硫酸铜工艺的研究

对液相空气氧化法制取硫酸铜的生产条件进行了研究。在实验基础上，提出了中酸度高温空气氧化法生产硫酸铜的新工艺。     

Comments on “The effect of ZnO in methanol synthesis catalysts on Cu dispersion and the specific activity” [by T. Fujitani and J. Nakamura]

Fujitani and Nakamura recently reported on the effect of ZnO on Cu/ZnO methanol synthesis catalysts (Catal. Lett. 56 (1998) 119). Having measured the methanol synthesis activity of a series of Cu/ZnO catalysts of different Cu/ZnO ratios, they reported a linear relationship between the copper metal area and the methanol yield (implying a fixed value of the copper specific activity) and paradoxically they also reported a volcano-type relationship between the copper specific activity in methanol synthesis and the ZnO content. This paradox is resolved by showing that their Cu/ZnO catalysts fall into two groups: (i) the low-surface-area copper catalysts which have a specific activity of 10 mg CH₃OH/m²-Cu h and (ii) the high-surface-area copper catalysts which have specific activity of 14.8 mg CH₃OH/m²-Cu h. These different specific activities derive from different surface morphologies of the copper in these catalysts. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

某铜矿选矿实验研究

为了开发某铜矿资源,对其进行了可行性实验研究.根据矿石物相分析结果,采用硫化铜与氧化铜混合浮选工艺,并选用新型高效浮选药剂,可获得铜精品位20.29%,收率70.68%的铜精矿.