(Ca,Fe)共掺铈酸镧陶瓷的近红外吸收性能

以氧化镧、氧化铈、氧化钙、氧化铁为原料,采用高温固相烧结工艺制备(Ca,Fe)共掺的系列铈酸镧红外吸收陶瓷(La2–xCaxCe2–yFeyO7)。结果表明:所有样品的晶相均为萤石结构;(Ca,Fe)共掺后引入了杂质能级,强化了自由载流子吸收,进而实现了样品近红外波段(750~2 500 nm)性能由高红外反射向高红外吸收的转变。当Ca引入量x为0.1、Fe引入量y为0.15时,样品近红外吸收性能较优,在750~2 500 nm波段的平均吸收率为88.7%,较未掺杂样品同波段的平均吸收率(4.9%)提高了17倍。     

可见光分光光度法测定头孢曲松钠

基于头孢曲松钠能被Fe3+氧化,Fe3+被还原为Fe2+,Fe2+与铁氰化钾生成可溶性普鲁士蓝,通过测定生成的普鲁士蓝在733nm处的吸光度,建立了测定头孢曲松钠的新方法。头孢曲松钠含量在0.11~7.20μg·m L-1范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程A=0.2717ρ(μg·m L-1)+0.0325,相关系数R=0.9992,表观摩尔系数ε=1.8×105L·(mol·cm)-1。测定了市售头孢曲松钠粉针剂的含量,平均回收率为100.5%,结果令人满意。     

电荷补偿对ZnO:Eu~(3+)材料荧光性能的影响(英文)

采用机械力固相化学反应法制备了含3%Eu3+(摩尔分数,下同)ZnO:Eu3+(ZnO:3%Eu3+)发光材料,研究了ZnO:3%Eu3+发光材料的激发与发射光谱,以发射光谱的主峰(λem=611nm)作为监控波长,其激发光谱的主峰对应λem=465nm,分析了ZnO:3%Eu3+材料的发射峰强度随电荷补偿剂Li+,Na+和K+掺杂浓度的变化规律。结果表明:随电荷补偿剂含量增大,ZnO:Eu3+材料的发射峰强度均出现先增大后减小趋势,但在不同电荷补偿剂下,ZnO:Eu3+材料的发射峰强度最大处对应的电荷补偿剂含量不同,此时对应的Li+,Na+和K+的摩尔分数分别为1%,0.75%和0.70%。     

阿魏酸哌嗪在铁氰化钾体系中的显色反应研究

研究了阿魏酸哌嗪在铁氰化钾体系中氧化还原反应及显色反应,建立了一种快速、简便测定阿魏酸哌嗪的分光光度法。实验利用阿魏酸哌嗪可将Fe(Ⅲ)还原、生成的Fe(Ⅱ)与K_3[Fe(CN)_6]反应生成蓝色化合物的原理,通过在其最大吸收波长755 nm处测定体系的吸光度,从而计算阿魏酸哌嗪的含量,同时探讨其反应机理及反应的动力学性质。阿魏酸哌嗪浓度在0.080~17.183 mg/L范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,得其线性回归方程为A=0.029 37+0.14147c(mg/L,r=0.999 1),表观摩尔吸光系数ε为6.71×10~4L/(mol·cm),方法的检出限和精密度分别为0.039 5 mg/L和0.76%。将该方法应用于阿魏酸哌嗪片中阿魏酸哌嗪含量的测定,加标后平均回收率为99.7%。     

以酸性铬蓝K为显色剂,双峰双波长光度法测定微量铁(Ⅲ)

在弱酸性介质中,Fe3+与酸性铬蓝K形成黄色配合物,该配合物在440nm和550nm波长处具有正、负吸收峰,且其吸光度△A与Fe3+含量在0~1.4 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系。建立了一种以酸性铬蓝K为显色剂,双峰双波长光度法测定微量Fe3+的新方法,该方法应用于水中微量Fe3+的测定,结果令人满意。     

基于縢氏蓝的分光光度法测定甲巯咪唑

在HCl介质中,甲巯咪唑分子中的巯基将Fe~(3+)还原为Fe~(2+),生成的Fe~(2+)与[Fe(CN)_6]~(3-)反应生成Fe_3[Fe(CN)_6]_2縢氏蓝配合物,使体系在730 nm处出现一个最大吸收峰。随着甲巯咪唑浓度的增大,形成的蓝色配合物逐渐增多,导致体系730 nm处的吸光度线性增大,据此建立了间接测定甲巯咪唑的分光光度法。在选定条件下,甲巯咪唑浓度(C)在0. 167～2. 00 mg/L范围内与730 nm处的吸光度增大量(ΔA)呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为ΔA=0. 2533C+0. 027,相关系数(R)为0. 9986。该方法可应用于甲巯咪唑药片中甲巯咪唑含量的测定。     

一种新型的水泥原料和熟料的总铬检测方法

介绍了一种水泥原料和熟料的总铬检测方法,采用硝酸将样品在高温条件下消解,在酸性条件下,用高锰酸钾将原料中的Cr3+离子或其他低价态的铬离子氧化成为水溶性的Cr6+离子,依据酸性条件下Cr6+离子与二苯碳酰二肼作用生成的紫红色化合物颜色与Cr6+浓度呈正比关系,在540 nm波长处测定吸光度变化,经与Cr6+校准液比较,得出样品中Cr6+含量,从而计算出样品中总铬含量。该方法操作简单、成本低、安全性高,对水泥原料和熟料中总铬检测具有重要的应用价值。并使用该方法与ICP法检测熟料和转炉钢渣中的总铬含量进行对比,试验数据证明,这两种方法都具有很好的准确性,而且对应性良好。     

一种新型的水泥原料和熟料的总铬检测方法

介绍了一种水泥原料和熟料的总铬检测方法,采用硝酸将样品在高温条件下消解,在酸性条件下,用高锰酸钾将原料中的Cr3+离子或其他低价态的铬离子氧化成为水溶性的Cr6+离子,依据酸性条件下Cr6+离子与二苯碳酰二肼作用生成的紫红色化合物颜色与Cr6+浓度呈正比关系,在540 nm波长处测定吸光度变化,经与Cr6+校准液比较,得出样品中Cr6+含量,从而计算出样品中总铬含量。该方法操作简单、成本低、安全性高,对水泥原料和熟料中总铬检测具有重要的应用价值。并使用该方法与ICP法检测熟料和转炉钢渣中的总铬含量进行对比,试验数据证明,这两种方法都具有很好的准确性,而且对应性良好。     

磺基水杨酸分光光度法测定药物中卡托普利

建立了Fe(Ⅲ)-磺基水杨酸褪色光度法测定卡托普利的新方法。结果表明,在酸性介质中,卡托普利分子中的巯基(-SH)可将Fe3+还原为Fe2+,采用磺基水杨酸作为显色剂,通过测定剩余Fe3+的含量间接测定了卡托普利的含量。显色体系最大吸收波长为477nm,卡托普利质量浓度在5.0~30.0μg·/mL范围内,并与ΔA呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ΔA=0.0168+6.1543c(mg/mL),线性相关系数r=0.9996。方法用于实际药品中卡托普利的含量测定,结果与药典法一致。     

温度、气氛和淬冷对阿利特固溶和多晶转变的影响(英文)

利用X射线衍射和等离子电感耦合等离子发射光谱研究了烧成温度、烧成气氛、淬冷开始温度等参数对实验室熟料中阿利特的多晶转变和Al3+,Fe3+,Mg2+等主要杂质离子固溶量的影响。随煅烧温度升高,阿利特对称性升高,不掺杂熟料中阿利特晶型从MⅠ转变为MⅠ和MⅢ型的混合体;掺杂熟料中阿利特晶型从MⅠ转变为M和R型混合体。氧化气氛烧成熟料中阿利特的对称性高于还原气氛烧成的。还原气氛烧成熟料中阿利特无论掺杂与否,阿利特室温保留晶型都呈现MⅢ型晶体衍射特征。氧化气氛下烧成掺杂熟料中阿利特以R型为主并含有M型的混合体,不掺杂熟料中阿利特以MⅢ型晶体存在。掺杂熟料从1450℃淬冷可以保留较多的R型阿利特。在其它较低温度淬冷,掺杂熟料中阿利特更多呈现MⅠ型晶体的衍射特征。不掺杂熟料中阿利特在所有开始温度淬冷,都呈现M型衍射特征,其原因在于:随煅烧温度升高以及随淬冷起始温度的升高,Al3+在阿利特中的固溶量升高,Fe3+的固溶量有所降低,Mg2+的固溶量则没有明显变化。氧化气氛下烧成的阿利特中Al3+的固溶量要高于还原气氛下的,而还原气氛下烧成的阿利特中Fe3+/Fe2+的固溶量高于氧化气氛下的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。