SiO2粒径对环氧树脂复合材料介电性能的影响

将不同粒径的SiO2微球与环氧树脂复合,制备用于直流特高压关键设备的高性能环氧绝缘复合材料,分析了其体积电阻率、介电常数与损耗,考察了SiO2微球对复合材料主要电气性能的影响;通过扫描电镜、动态热分析SiO2微球与环氧树脂的界面作用. 结果表明,不同粒径的SiO2微球均对环氧树脂复合材料性能有改善作用,添加100 nm SiO2的复合材料提升效果最显著,体积电阻率从1.87′1017 W×cm提至3.24′1017 W×cm,介电常数实部从10.99降至4.92,玻璃化转变温度从104.9℃升至106.4℃,这是因为100 nm SiO2微球表面吸附水分少、与树脂作用力强.     

SiO2-P(St-EMA)纳米微球的制备及在PP中的应用

采用多步乳液聚合法在纳米SiO2表面接枝苯乙烯(St)和甲基丙烯酸乙酯(EMA),制得具有核壳结构的SiO2-P(St- EMA)纳米微球,并通过熔融共混方法制备该微球和聚丙烯(PP)基复合材料,研究其力学性能和结晶性能.研究结果表明:SiO2-P(St-EMA)纳米微球具有以SiO2为核,P(St-EMA)为壳的核壳结构,可明显改善纳米SiO2的分散性;当SiO2-P(St-EMA)的填充量达到1％时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度就有明显的提高,并可在PP中起到异相成核作用,提高PP的结晶温度和熔融温度.     

CF/纳米SiO_2改性树脂复合材料界面性能研究

本文以纳米SiO2改性树脂作为树脂基体,以连续碳纤维作为增强体制备复合材料,研究了纳米SiO2掺入树脂中百分含量对树脂基体与增强体之间的界面性能的影响。通过对树脂基体与增强体纤维浸润性、微脱粘、层间剪切强度和扫描电子显微镜,对复合材料界面性能测试和表征。结果表明,随着纳米SiO2含量的增加,常温下,基体树脂和增强体纤维浸润性能下降,单丝纤维与树脂微球的界面剪切强度和复合材料单向板层间剪切强度在某一含量范围均有所提高。     

SiO_2杂化环保型酚醛树脂的研究与制备

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,成功制备了玻璃纤维增强型改性PF(酚醛树脂)基复合材料的基体树脂——环保型纳米SiO2/PF。研究结果表明:当w(TEOS)=10%时,PF/SiO2复合材料的综合性能相对最好,其拉伸强度(758 MPa)、弯曲强度(945 MPa)和冲击强度(261 kJ/m2)分别比未改性体系提高了144%、53%和30%;改性PF体系的最大失重速率温度比纯PF体系提高了40～50℃,其热分解第二阶段的活化能由134.41 kJ/mol升至240.72 kJ/mol;玻璃纤维增强型PF/SiO2复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别比纯PF体系降低了22.5%和8.4%。     

EP/CF/纳米SiO2复合材料激光作用下的性能研究

在环氧树脂(EP)中添加纳米SiO2空心微球,制备添加不同比例纳米SiO2的EP浇注体和EP/碳纤维(CF)复合材料.经热重(TG)分析仪测试,发现添加纳米SiO2后EP的耐热性能明显提高,其中纳米SiO2质量分数为10%时其耐热性能最好;对有、无纳米SiO2的EP浇注体和EP/CF复合材料层板进行强功率激光辐照试验,结果表明,添加纳米SiO2空心微球能明显提高复合材料在激光作用下的抗烧蚀和隔热性能.     

纳米SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂增强聚酰胺6复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机对干摩擦条件下纳米SiO2与玻璃纤维混杂填充聚酰胺6(PA6)复合材料与45#钢对摩时的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,纳米SiO2和玻璃纤维混杂可以显著改善PA6复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,以5 %的SiO2和20 %的玻璃纤维增强PA6的耐磨减摩性最好。扫描电镜分析表明,纯PA6的磨损以黏着和犁削为主。当载荷较低时,复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为不同程度的磨粒磨损,但当载荷较高时,复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为不同程度的疲劳磨损。     

PP/POE/表面接枝改性nano-SiO_2复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用接枝改性的方法,通过熔融共混工艺分别制备聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(POE)/SiO2-g-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),SiO2-g-聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)纳米复合材料,研究了纳米复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明:纳米SiO2接枝物的加入有利于PP异相成核,使PP球晶尺寸减小,晶界模糊,冲击性能显著提高。当SiO2-g-PMMA,SiO2-g-PBA的含量为2份时,纳米复合材料的冲击强度分别为39.3kJ/m2和60.0kJ/m2,加工性能得到改善。     

喷嘴结构对FDM制备玻璃纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

研究了3D打印喷嘴流道直径、流道结构等对熔融沉积成型(FDM)制备的玻璃纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当直喷嘴直径为1 mm时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度最大,分别为46、28.5 MPa;而发散型喷嘴直径为1 mm时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别达到了48.5、32.5 MPa,后者比前者分别提高了7.78%和18.2%。偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜结果分析表明,发散型喷嘴保留了较长的玻璃纤维长度,并有利于纤维的取向。     

浅谈增强型浸润剂

树脂与玻璃纤维之间的界面粘结好坏直接影响玻璃钢复合材料的性能。界面状况受着保留在玻璃纤维表面上浸润剂的影响。合理使用浸润剂使制品的力学性能:如干湿强度、电性能、耐湿性能及化学稳定性等均有明显提高和改善。更能满足制品在各种特定条件下的应用性能要求。无疑的,玻璃纤维增强型浸润剂的研究,有利于提高产品的性能,将推动着玻璃钢的发展。增强型玻璃纤维浸润剂一般是通过前处理工艺复盖在玻璃纤维表面上。当玻璃纤维制成玻璃钢时,浸润剂就在树脂/玻璃纤维之间形成一个界面层,界面面积是非常大的。按纤维直径为14微米,玻璃钢的包胶量为50％,则密度为1.7g/cm~3。计算就25×     

纳米二氧化硅对PBT力学和结晶性能的影响

采用熔融共混的方法,将纳米SiO2添加到聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)中,制备出PBT/纳米SiO2复合材料,对其力学和结晶性能进行分析研究。结果表明,随着纳米SiO2含量增加,PBT/纳米SiO2复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度增加,PBT的结晶度增加,球晶尺寸减小,最大扭矩和平衡扭矩变化不大。当纳米SiO2含量为0.1份时,PBT的拉伸强度提高12%,断裂伸长率提高100%,冲击强度提高10%,弯曲强度提高5%,综合力学性能最好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。