三元复合水泥浆体水化进程及其与干缩的关系

采用选择性溶解法和非蒸发水法分别测量了粉煤灰-硅灰和水泥的反应程度;通过复合浆体中有效水胶比的计算和非线性拟合的方法,得出复合浆体中水泥的反应程度,研究了粉煤灰-硅灰-水泥三元体系中矿物掺合料对水泥水化程度的影响.根据矿物掺合料和水泥的反应程度数据,并结合强度数据分析了复合水泥浆体干燥收缩的规律.研究发现:在相同龄期,随着硅灰的逐渐增多,粉煤灰的逐渐减少,复合浆体的干燥收缩逐渐增大;在不同龄期,复合浆体的干燥收缩值随着龄期的延长,干燥收缩曲线由陡逐渐变得平缓;当粉煤灰和硅灰总掺量为50％,而其中的硅灰为5％时,可以得到干燥收缩较小,抗压强度较高的三元复合水泥浆体.     

水泥-硅灰/粉煤灰体系强度、收缩性能与微观结构研究

为研究硅灰及粉煤灰对不同养护龄期的水泥浆体强度及收缩性能的影响,以水胶比为0.29的水泥浆体为基体,设计制备了五种硅灰及粉煤灰掺量的复合水泥浆体,借助量热仪和压汞仪测试表征了不同复合水泥浆体的水化放热特性以及孔结构组成,分析了水化放热量、孔隙率等参数随硅灰和粉煤灰掺量增加的变化规律,建立了复合浆体抗压强度与孔结构以及水化特性与收缩应变之间的量化关系。结果表明,掺入粉煤灰会大幅降低水泥净浆早期抗压强度,但对减小自收缩应变和干缩应变极为有利。掺入硅灰能明显提高净浆3 d抗压强度,但当硅灰掺量超过10%(质量分数)后,净浆3 d自收缩应变及28 d干缩应变增加极为明显。掺入硅灰会使水泥水化诱导期开始和结束的时间提前,还会增加水化反应级数和各阶段的反应速率常数值,导致水泥-硅灰复合浆体的水化放热总量和放热速率相较于水泥-粉煤灰体系大幅增加。粉煤灰和硅灰的掺入均能有效细化水泥浆体内部孔结构,提高凝胶孔比例,大幅降低大孔比例。复合浆体的72 h水化放热总量和3 d自收缩应变呈现正相关关系,而孔隙率和抗压强度呈现明显的负相关关系。     

海水环境下矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥的水化影响

研究了海水环境下掺入硅灰、粉煤灰、矿渣对硫铝酸盐水泥抗压强度、化学收缩和水化产物的影响规律.结果表明:当硅灰的掺量为2.5%时,水泥浆体的抗压强度比空白组高.矿渣掺量为10%的水泥浆体28 d抗压强度明显超过掺入硅灰和粉煤灰时的强度,60 d强度高于空白组.掺入2.5%硅灰后,水泥浆体的化学收缩增大;在水化早期,粉煤灰和矿渣的火山灰活性很低,导致水泥浆体的化学收缩降低.掺入10%硅灰加快了硫铝酸盐水泥3 d水化反应,钙矾石生成量增多,水泥浆体早期强度比掺其它掺合料有所提高,但体积过快膨胀会破坏其内部结构,对水泥浆体的强度发展不利.     

粉煤灰掺量对硬化水泥净浆长期溶蚀性能的影响

为了分析长期处于软水环境下粉煤灰对水泥基材料溶蚀特性及其溶蚀过程的影响,以单掺粉煤灰的复合水泥浆体薄片试件为研究对象,开展不同粉煤灰掺量的水泥复合浆体浸泡在去离子水长达两年的溶蚀实验,并通过饱水-干燥称重、SEM/EDS、XRD等测试,分析溶蚀过程中复合水泥浆体薄片试件的孔隙率、微观结构、钙硅比及物相组成等参数的变化规律,揭示粉煤灰对水泥浆体溶蚀特性的影响及其抗溶蚀性能的改善机理.结果表明,在水泥浆体中合理掺加粉煤灰可有效地改善其微观结构及物相组成,减缓水泥浆体的微观结构劣化和溶蚀进程,提高其在去离子水中的抗溶蚀性能,掺入40％ 粉煤灰的复合水泥浆体在去离子水中具有最佳的抗溶蚀性能.     

矿物外加剂及测试方法对硬化水泥浆体自收缩值的影响

分别采用两种不同试验方法对比研究了单掺粉煤灰、硅灰和矿渣微粉这三种常用的矿物外加剂(即水泥混合材)对水泥浆体早期自收缩的影响。研究结果表明,单掺粉煤灰、硅灰和矿渣微粉后,硬化水泥浆体的自收缩值分别随其掺量的增加而减小、增大和增大。本文分析研究了这三种常用的矿物外加剂对硬化水泥浆体自收缩产生影响的原因,并对比分析了本试验采用的两种试验方法,发现波纹管法更能准确地测量水泥浆体的早期自收缩,参照现行行业标准JC/T313-1982测试无法正确地反映硬化水泥浆体更早期的收缩现象。     

水泥基材料受限开裂敏感性研究

介绍了水泥基材料受限收缩的试验方法与影响水泥基材料收缩的因素,采用限制收缩中的轴向约束试验方法,研究了不同矿物掺合料和水胶比的水泥基材料受限开裂敏感性.结果表明较大的水胶比、较高的磨细矿渣和硅灰掺量会增大水泥浆体的开裂敏感性,粉煤灰对水泥浆体的限制收缩开裂敏感性具有降低作用.     

矿物超细粉对水泥浆体化学收缩的影响研究

通过笔者自行设计的化学收缩测量装置分别对掺硅灰、磨细矿渣、超细粉煤灰的水泥浆体化学收缩进行了测定。结果表明，硅灰的掺入增大了水泥浆的化学收缩；磨细矿渣的掺入使水泥浆体的化学收缩稍有增长，但不十分明显；而超细粉煤灰则可以较好地抑制水泥浆体的化学收缩。对掺矿物掺合料的水泥浆体强度的测试结果从另一个角度论证了化学收缩是由水化引起的，即水化程度的大小反映了化学收缩的大小。     

生物质灰对水泥硬化浆体抗压强度影响的试验研究

对比研究了生物质灰与普通粉煤灰在粒度分布、颗粒形态、化学组成、活性指数等方面的不同,并开展了不同掺量生物质灰对水泥硬化浆体抗压强度的影响研究.结果表明:生物质灰颗粒形状不规则、平均粒径及粒径分布范围较大,具有特有的细长纤维状颗粒,且其活性组分Al2O3不足普通粉煤灰的三分之一;生物质灰的火山灰活性小于普通粉煤灰;相同掺量下,生物质灰-水泥复合胶砂各龄期的抗压强度均小于普通粉煤灰-水泥复合胶砂,生物质灰掺量越大,复合胶砂的强度相比纯水泥组下降程度越大;与普通粉煤灰相比,掺加生物质灰的硬化水泥浆体微观结构更为疏松多孔,特别是其特有的细长纤维状颗粒的存在.     

低品位粉煤灰的改性及其对水泥浆体强度和自收缩的影响

采用石灰石粉对低品位粉煤灰进行煅烧改性,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对改性粉煤灰的矿物组成和化学组成进行表征.同时测定了掺改性粉煤灰的水泥浆体的抗压强度和自收缩,并采用背散射扫描电镜和压汞测孔仪研究了掺改性粉煤灰水泥浆体的微观结构.结果表明,粉煤灰经煅烧改性生成了水硬性矿物β-C2S,水化可生成CSH凝胶,改善了等外粉煤灰颗粒与水泥基体的界面粘接,降低了复合水泥浆体的孔隙率和自收缩,提高了复合水泥浆体的强度.     

复掺偏高岭土-矿渣对轻骨料混凝土性能的影响

轻骨料混凝土具有收缩较大和渗透性较差的特性,矿物掺合料的加入可以改善轻骨料混凝土的性能.将偏高岭土(MK)和矿渣(S)以低于25％的总掺量复掺到轻骨料混凝土中,研究复掺掺合料及不同掺量对轻骨料混凝土的力学性能、氯离子扩散系数和干燥收缩的影响.利用XRD、TG、SEM等测试方法,对其影响机理进行探讨.结果表明,复掺10wt％偏高岭土与10wt％矿渣对轻骨料混凝土力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能有显著的改善;复掺10wt％偏高岭土和15wt％偏高岭土能有效降低轻骨料混凝土干燥收缩.偏高岭土复合矿渣能优化水泥浆体的组成与结构,增强骨料与水泥浆体间的结合,降低界面过渡区的钙硅质量比,从而提高轻骨料混凝土各龄期抗压强度的抗渗性能.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.