锑尾矿粉基复合胶凝材料的制备及水化特性

以锑尾矿微粉作为主要原料,辅以水泥熟料、活化剂和促凝剂制备锑尾矿粉基复合胶凝材料,并从力学性能及微观结构等方面对复合胶凝材料的水化特性进行探究.结果表明,试件浆体的抗压强度随着锑尾矿微粉掺量的增加而减小,质量掺量为70％时仍满足尾矿固化筑坝要求.不同活化剂对复合胶凝材料强度的影响显著不同,当掺入磷石膏和生石灰且其质量比...     

石膏对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥强度和硬化浆体结构的影响

研究了石膏对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥强度和硬化浆体结构的影响.结果表明:贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的矿物组成主要有C3S、C2S、C,A、C4AF和C2.7B1.25A3S;当水泥中石膏掺量为10%时,贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的3d、7 d、28 d和90 d抗压强度分别达到了45.0、61.9、82.1和85.6 MPa;贝利特.硫铝酸钡钙水泥的水化产物主要有AFt、Ca(OH)2、C-S-H凝胶等,随石膏掺量的增加,AFt的数量逐渐增加,水化后期的Ca(OH)2数量逐渐减少.用XRD和SEM来分析硬化水泥浆体组成和结构.     

不同石膏掺量对新型贝利特水泥性能的影响

０引言出于节能和利用废渣的目的,我们利用粉煤灰和铜尾矿等工业废渣研制了以β-Ｃ２Ｓ、无水硫铝酸钙Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ为主要矿物的新型贝利特水泥〔１〕。研究过程中发现外掺石膏量对水泥性能有较大的影响。随石膏掺量不同,水泥凝结时间和强度都有较大的变化,当石膏量适宜时,Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ水化生成较多的钙矾石而不膨胀,此时水泥石的强度最高,凝结时间也可调节到通用水泥的要求。１熟料的化学成分与矿物组成所烧制的新型贝利特水泥熟料β-Ｃ２Ｓ含量为６０%～６８%,Ｃ４Ａ３Ｓ２０%～３０%,其化学成分与计算矿物组成如表１所示表１熟料的化学成分及…     

硬石膏和脱硫石膏对低钙硫铝酸盐水泥熟料 性能的影响

研究了不同掺量硬石膏和脱硫石膏对高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料抗压强度、水化放热和水化产物的影响。结果显示：无论硬石膏或者脱硫石膏,当掺量为15%时,熟料的抗压强度达到最大值;当硬石膏掺量小于5%时,对熟料具有一定的缓凝作用,随着掺量的增加,硬石膏的加入会促进熟料的水化;当加入脱硫石膏时,同样促进了熟料的水化反应进程,与硬石膏相比,脱硫石膏在低掺量时并未有缓凝作用,且力学性能相差较小,由此可见利用脱硫石膏调控高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料性能是可行的。     

利用高烧失量粉灰烧制新型贝利特水泥的研究

用高烧失量(>15％)粉煤灰及石灰石、氧化铁、石膏等为原料在1 250℃烧成了新型贝利特水泥,其主要矿物组成为:C2S 53％-58％,C4A3S 30％-35％,C,AF 10％左右。并探讨了不同石膏掺量及微量元素对水泥强度的影响。结果发现:该种水泥3 d强度可达56 MPa,28 d强度达77 MPa;随石膏掺量增大强度增加,但掺量过多会造成强度下降;Cr2O3、BaO、P2O5等微量元素可以提高水泥强度,其中Cr2O3效果较好。     

掺减水剂钼尾矿胶砂的力学性能和水化产物

将钼尾矿、矿渣、熟料、石膏进行机械力粉磨,制备胶凝材料,研究了减水剂种类和掺量对胶砂力学性能的影响,并对掺钼尾矿胶凝材料的水化产物进行了分析.结果表明,在相同流动度条件下制备胶砂试块,PC减水剂对掺钼尾矿胶砂的强度提高幅度最大,FDN次之,UNF-5最小.当PC高效减水剂掺量为0.4%时,大掺量尾矿胶砂试块28 d的抗压强度可以达到48.8 MPa.粉磨后的钼尾矿表现出一定的火山灰反应活性.掺钼尾矿胶凝材料的水化产物主要是钙矾石和水化硅酸钙凝胶.     

高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥最佳石膏掺量的研究

不同的石膏掺量对高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间和强度等物理力学性能有很大的影响。本文在水泥中加入0、5％、10％、15％、20％硬石膏，测凝结时间和强度，根据实验结果做石膏曲线，研究了不同掺量水泥的性能，确定了石膏的最佳掺量为15％。     

贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的煅烧及其性能

采用正交试验方法研究了贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的煅烧条件.实验表明:该水泥熟料的最佳煅烧温度为1 350℃,保温时间为90min,冷却方式是急冷.同时发现,水泥中石膏的最佳掺量为5%(质量分数).所制备的贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的3 d和28 d抗压强度分别为26A MPa和80.4MPa,显示有良好的早期力学性能;石膏能促进该水泥的水化硬化,增加钙矾石在水化早期的形成数量,这是水泥早期强度提高的主要原因.对水泥熟料及其水化产物的组成、结构和形貌进行了分析.该水泥熟料的主要矿物组成为贝利特、阿利特和硫铝酸钡钙,主要水化产物有水化硅酸钙凝胶、钙矾石和氢氧化钙等.     

磷石膏部分分解制备贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的探究

利用磷石膏分解率高的特点,将预先煅烧后分别达到73.82％和80.15％分解率的磷石膏与矾土和石灰石进行配料烧制贝利特硫铝酸盐熟料,探讨部分分解磷石膏用于制备贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的可行性.理论计算结果表明,当磷石膏分解率达到80.15％,SO2可以达到有实用价值的收集浓度;试验结果表明,利用部分分解的磷石膏制备的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥早期水化放热量偏低,硬度也略微低于天然石膏制备的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的硬度,但对早期强度无明显的不利影响.可以认为,部分分解磷石膏可以用于制备贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥.     

用磷石膏制备贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥

本文尝试用云南当地不同企业产生磷石膏替代天然石膏作为原料,烧制贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥.研究结果表明:在烧成温度为1250℃,保温时间为150 min,外掺石膏量为12％的条件下,可以烧制得到初凝时间约30 min,终凝时间约60 min,28 d抗压强度在49 MPa左右的贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥.用磷石膏烧制成的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥与用普通石膏烧制的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥性质几乎相同,甚至在强度发展上还要优于后者.用未经水洗处理磷石膏烧制水泥的凝结时间比用经水洗处理过磷石膏烧制的贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间都要短.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。