不同烟气治理工艺在中性硼硅药用玻璃熔窑的应用研究

以国内中性硼硅药用玻璃熔窑烟气治理工程为例,比较分析触媒陶瓷纤维滤管脱硫脱硝除尘一体化烟气处理工艺和干法脱酸+布袋除尘+选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝脱酸除尘烟气处理工艺的优缺点、运行状况及烟气污染物脱除效率。经工程实践,干法脱酸+布袋除尘+SCR脱硝脱酸除尘烟气处理工艺更适合中性硼硅药用玻璃熔窑,该工艺具有系统稳定性强、产品合格率高、清灰频率短、运行管理和维护费用低等优点。     

磷酸盐电子玻璃结构与化学稳定性的研究

通过红外、拉曼光谱和XRD研究了ZnO-B2O3,-P2O5-RnOm封接玻璃中B2O3质量分数的变化引起的其玻璃态及结晶后的结构变化,分析了B2O3质量分数的变化对玻璃的化学稳定性、热膨胀系数等性质的影响.研究表明,随着B2O3质量分数的增加,玻璃中硼氧三角体[BO3]的数量增加,导致玻璃的化学稳定性和热膨胀系数下降.     

信息动态

(2)SCR脱硝技术是指在烟气处理过程中使用氨水(NH3)作还原剂,在特殊的贵金属催化剂的催化作用下,使NH3与烟气中的NOx在较低温度下(250～ 450℃)在催化剂表面进行还原反应而生成对环境无害的氮气和水蒸汽.但在实际运行中,无论是采取高温高尘布置、高温低尘布置还是低温低尘布置等方式(图4～6),都会因日用、平板等普通钠钙玻璃熔窑烟气中含有高腐蚀性和黏性的碱性飞尘、含有因催化作用反应生成的硫酸铵,最后导致SCR脱硝技术仅在玻璃熔窑投产初期有效,而在长期运行中很难发挥脱硝效果直至失去作用,再加上投资大和运行成本高,很难作为长期有效的环保技术在玻璃工厂推广使用.     

玻璃熔窑烟气污染物排放现状及治理措施

绿色生产是环境治理的重要方式之一,玻璃生产过程中产生的氮氧化物、硫氧化物和粉尘会导致严重的大气污染,对玻璃熔窑烟气进行综合治理是玻璃生产企业长久发展的重要目标,本文介绍了玻璃熔窑排放烟气中主要污染物,并从现有技术出发,对玻璃熔窑烟气污染物的处理方式进行了梳理与总结。     

拉曼光谱强度可控的硼硅锌光学玻璃制备

本文采用高温固相法制备了拉曼光谱强度可控的硼硅锌(ZnO-B2O3-SiO2)玻璃。分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光光谱(RF)和拉曼光谱(Raman)表征了样品的结构和光学性能。结果表明,ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃基质中掺杂微量BaCO3、TiO2,制备出拉曼光谱强度可控的硼硅锌玻璃。硼硅锌玻璃样品配方中SiO2和B2O3含量对玻璃拉曼光谱强度有重要影响,随着SiO2含量的增加和B2O3含量的减少,玻璃样品拉曼光谱强度逐渐降低。当SiO2含量为40%,B2O3含量为36.2%时,在514 nm波长下激发,玻璃样品与参考玻璃的荧光激发光谱最为接近。     

Sm2O3掺杂对BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃形成及结构的影响

借助魔角旋转核磁共振技术,探讨掺Sm2O3后BaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2(BBAS)玻璃(BBASS玻璃)的形成、结构及热处理条件下玻璃结构的变化情况.研究表明:随着稀土掺量的增加,BBASS玻璃的形成区域先扩大后缩小.在Sm2O3外掺摩尔分数为30%时BBASS玻璃具有最大的形成区域.在BBAS玻璃结构中,随着BaO含量的增加,硼氧三角体[BO3]逐渐向[BO4]转变,原先[AlO4],[AlO5],[AlO6]共存的铝氧多面体结构逐渐转变为大量[AlO4]和少量[AlO5]共存的结构.在BBASS玻璃结构中,随着5m2O3掺入量的增加,Sm2O3对铝氧多面体结构变化的影响与BaO类似;对硼氧多面体而言,Sm3 强大的积聚作用使玻璃结构中硼氧多面体形成了巨大的网络.以上差异说明了Al3 比B3 更容易进入稳定的四面体结构.热处理对玻璃结构影响甚微.     

锂辉石在中性硼硅玻璃中的应用研究

以锂辉石中的Li2O等量替代中性硼硅玻璃(简称5.0医药玻璃)化学组成中的Na2O和B2O3,研究Li2O对工艺性能和节能减排的影响。研究结果表明:Li2O具有较好的助熔效果,可以显著降低玻璃高、低温黏度特征点所对应的温度;当0.20%～0.30%(质量分数)Li2O替代Na2O时,5.0医药玻璃拉管工艺性能达到最好,0.20%Li2O替代B2O3时,其拉管工艺性能最好。因此,锂辉石对中性硼硅玻璃具有显著的节能减排效果,并能显著提高其拉管工艺性能。     

硼硅酸盐玻璃结构与其熔体性质研究

对硼硅酸盐玻璃结构及其熔体性质展开研究,通过红外光谱分析了Al2O3对硼硅酸盐玻璃结构的影响,测试了玻璃熔体的高温粘度和抗折强度.研究结果表明:当玻璃中Al2O3/SiO2物质的量比在1.2％～6.5％,(R2O-Al2O3)/B2O3的物质的量比在0.04 ～0.41范围内时,Al3+全部以[AlO4]形式存在,是玻璃网络形成体,B3+大部分以[BO3]的形式存在,是玻璃网络外体,少部分以[BO4]形式存在,是玻璃网络形成体.增加玻璃熔体中Al2O3的含量,玻璃中游离氧含量和[BO4]含量减少,[BO3]含量增加,玻璃的高温粘度增大,熔制温度升高,抗折强度降低.     

无碱铝硼硅系玻璃结构的红外光谱

用熔融退火方法制备无碱SiO2-B2O3-A12O3-RO(R=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)系玻璃.玻璃的成分范围以摩尔计为:SiO2,64.17%～70%;B2O3,7%～14.12%;Al2O3,9.88%～16.94%;RO总量,12%(2.4%MgO,4.8?O,2.4%SrO,2.4?O).用Fourier变换红外光谱研究了上述玻璃系统结构随成分的变化规律,同时,对玻璃结构与热膨胀系数、密度等物理性质的关系也进行了研究.结果表明:在Al含量较高的铝硼硅系玻璃中,B更多的以[BO3]形态存在.随着SiO2和B2O3摩尔比的增大,[BO3]的量有所减少,而热膨胀系数呈增加趋势,密度出现极大值.随着Al2O3和B2O3摩尔比的增大,[BO3]的量出现极值,热膨胀系数也出现极值,密度总体趋势是增加的.铝硼硅系玻璃的热膨胀系数、密度等物理性质与玻璃结构密切相关.     

喷雾干燥烟气脱硫技术在玻璃熔窑上的应用

喷雾干燥烟气脱硫工艺发明于上世纪70年代,玻璃窑厂排放的烟气中含有大量的酸性气体,严重危害自然环境和人类健康。根据玻璃熔窑的烟气特点和我国的国情,对传统的工艺进行改进,现已把喷雾干燥烟气脱硫工艺成功应用于玻璃熔窑上。排放烟气中SO2含量200mg/m3,脱硫效率达到90%以上,同时,排放烟尘含量40mg/m3,除尘效率达到99%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.