腐蚀和养护耦合作用下充填膏体强度演化规律研究

为分析腐蚀和养护耦合作用下充填膏体强度的演化规律,将充填膏体置于两种浓度的NaCl溶液和Na2SO4溶液进行腐蚀和养护,并在各个龄期采用WDW-300型万能试验机进行单轴压缩试验,测试不同龄期充填膏体的单轴抗压强度,在试验基础上分析了强度演化机理,建立了强度演化数学模型.研究表明:在腐蚀和养护耦合作用下,充填膏体的早期强度高于标准养护条件下的强度,随着腐蚀时间的推进,腐蚀溶液中的充填膏体强度逐渐开始低于标准养护,并在达到峰值后进入强度衰减期;NaCl溶液对充填膏体的腐蚀作用较快,而Na2SO4溶液对充填膏体的腐蚀作用较大,建立的充填膏体在腐蚀和养护耦合作用下的强度演化数学模型与试验吻合较好,能够反映充填膏体在腐蚀和养护耦合作用下的强度演化规律.     

镁合金微弧氧化膜在Na2SO4溶液中的腐蚀行为

在硅酸盐电解液中,采用微弧氧化(micro-arc oxidation,MAO)技术在镁合金AZ91D表面制备了MAO陶瓷膜。利用电化学方法,结合扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射等手段研究了该MAO膜层在0.1mol/L Na2SO4溶液及其与不同浓度的NaCl混合液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:镁合金AZ91D表面的MAO膜在Na2SO4溶液中具有较好的耐蚀性;在0.1mol/L Na2SO4+NaCl混合液中,随着添加的Cl-浓度增加,MAO膜层腐蚀速率增加;浸泡初期MAO膜为全面腐蚀,120 h后浸泡在0.1 mol/L Na2SO4+3.5%NaCl混合液中的试样出现点蚀孔。腐蚀产物为Mg4(OH)6SO4.8H2O、MgSO4和Mg(OH)2,当有Cl-存在的溶液中,腐蚀产物还有MgCl2.2H2O出现。     

冻融腐蚀共同作用下浇注式沥青混凝土劈裂抗拉强度演化规律研究

为分析冻融和腐蚀共同作用下浇注式沥青混凝土劈裂抗拉强度的演化规律,采用两种浓度的NaCl和Na2SO4溶液对浇注式沥青混凝土进行了冻融腐蚀试验并在各个冻融腐蚀循环后进行劈裂试验,在试验数据基础上分析了试验现象的机理,建立了劈裂抗拉强度比的演化方程.研究结果表明:在冻融腐蚀共同作用下,浇注式沥青混凝土劈裂抗拉强度出现了降低现象,且下降幅度与腐蚀溶液浓度正相关,Na2SO4溶液比Nacl溶液造成的劈裂抗拉强度损失更大;冻融腐蚀现象的机理是沥青混凝土冻胀、沥青老化、化学腐蚀以及盐分结晶产生的体积膨胀共同作用的结果,建立的演化方程与试验数据高度吻合,能够反映冻融腐蚀共同作用下浇注式沥青混凝土的强度演化规律.     

罗布泊卤水生产硝酸钾半成品工艺研究--相图分析及计算

提出了25℃NaCl饱和时Na^ ,K^ ,Mg^2 //Cl^-,NO3^-,SO4^2--H2O六元体系相图的表示方法，确定了有关点的液固平衡数据，并以此进行新疆罗布泊卤水矿制取硝酸钾半成品等温蒸发过程的分析研究，明确了该过程中盐的析出顺序为：NaCl,NaCl Na2SO4,NaCl Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O,NaCl Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O 3K2SO4.Na2SO4,NaCl Na2SO4 Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O 3K2SO4.Na2SO4 NaNO3.Na2SO4.2H2O计算出各种盐的析出量及蒸发水量，确定了利用新疆罗布泊卤水钾矿资源制取硝酸钾的工艺路线，对工艺研究有重要的指导意义。     

杂质对甲醇分解铝酸钠溶液制备氢氧化铝的影响

系统研究了Na2CO3,Na2SO4和NaCl三种杂质对甲醇强化铝酸钠溶液分解沉淀Al(OH)3过程的影响,考察了不同浓度的Na2CO3,Na2SO4和NaCl对醇解过程分解率和产品粒度、形貌的影响.结果表明,控制分解温度为60℃,Na2O浓度170g/L,Na2O与Al2O3摩尔比1.5～1.6的铝酸钠溶液与等体积的甲醇反应24h时,当Na2CO3,Na2SO4和NaCl浓度(均以Na2O计)分别低于17.6,6.55和7.00g/L时,杂质对醇分过程分解率、产品粒径和形貌影响较小;当其浓度升高时,能加快新核的生成,产品中出现1～10μm形貌不规整的细化颗粒.     

氯离子对碳硫硅钙石形成的影响

研究了氯离子对碳硫硅钙石形成的影响,将水泥-石灰石粉净浆样品浸泡在(5±2)℃不同质量分数的NaCl/Na2SO4复合溶液中,观察侵蚀后样品的外观,并对腐蚀产物进行x射线衍射、红外光谱分析.结果表明:纯Na2SO4溶液中的样品发生碳硫硅钙石型硫酸盐侵蚀,腐蚀产物以碳硫硅钙石及石膏为主,随着时间的延长而日益严重,由表及里...     

大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土抗盐冻性能研究

开展了普通混凝土、复掺粉煤灰和矿粉的大掺量矿物掺和料混凝土(HVMAC)分别在清水、5％ MgSO4溶液、10％ NaCl溶液、5％ Na2SO4 +5％ MgCl2复合溶液中的快速冻融试验,以试件的质量、动弹性模量及抗压强度变化表征混凝土在盐冻作用下的抗冻性能.结果表明,两种混凝土试件在清水中的冻融破坏比盐溶液中严重,普通混凝土在MgSO4溶液中形成致密结构,破坏较小,在NaCl溶液中,HVMAC对溶液的吸收较小,其破坏程度较轻,混凝土在5％ Na2SO4 +5％ MgCl2复合溶液中几乎没有劣化,综合考虑,HVMAC的抗盐冻性最好.     

水分子和离子在地聚合物胶凝材料中的分子动力学研究

地聚合物是一种具有三维网状结构的水泥基胶凝材料,其主要水化产物是水合硅酸铝钠凝胶(NASH).在工程应用中,氯盐侵蚀与硫酸盐侵蚀是影响耐久性的主要原因.运用分子动力学方法,研究NaCl溶液与Na2SO4溶液在NASH凝胶纳米孔道中的传输特性.结果表明,NaCl溶液与Na2SO4溶液在凝胶孔道的非饱和传输过程中,呈现出明显的毛细吸附现象,NASH凝胶界面呈现亲水性与电负性.Na2SO4溶液的侵入速率明显低于NaCl溶液,硫酸根离子对水分子侵入的抑制作用强于氯离子.     

光催化降解活性染料K-GL的动力学及其盐效应

以分散态纳米TiO2为光催化剂,在鼓泡流化床光催化反应器中对活性翠兰K-GL染料溶液进行光催化降解实验研究。通过改变光催化剂投入量、染料溶液的初始浓度和Na2SO4与NaCl的掺加,探讨了影响光催化降解K-GL的因素,运用Langrmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程对染料降解动力学规律进行了研究。结果表明,TiO2光催化降解活性翠兰K-GL的反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程,且表观反应速率表常数随活性翠兰溶液初始浓度的升高而降低;反应的催化剂最佳投入量为0.122g/L;光催化体系中的Na2SO4对于染料K-GL的降解表现出明显的促进作用,在较低浓度下,Na2SO4的最佳添加量为0.104mol/g,且随着其浓度的升高,表观反应速率常数随之增大;而掺加不同浓度的NaCl对光催化降解K-GL有抑止作用。     

化学腐蚀下砂浆物理力学性能劣化的试验研究

利用三场耦合试验系统和SEM微观测试系统,以水泥砂浆为研究对象,设计4种试验工况,研究了不同水化学溶液、不同腐蚀龄期下砂浆试样物理力学特性的劣化规律,同时基于砂浆微细观结构损伤演化特征分析其在不同水化学溶液条件下的损伤破坏机理.研究结果表明:砂浆的化学腐蚀破坏是一个复杂的过程,不同水化学溶液对其影响程度不尽相同.在腐蚀后期,pH=1、浓度0.1 mol/L的Na2 SO4溶液对砂浆物理力学特性的腐蚀劣化程度大于pH =7、浓度0.1 mol/L的NaSO4溶液,pH =3、浓度0.1 mol/L的Na2SO4溶液对砂浆物理力学特性的腐蚀劣化程度介于二者之间.同时,基于化学腐蚀后的力学特征参数定义了新的损伤参数,间接定量分析化学溶液对砂浆试样腐蚀劣化程度,研究发现,不同pH值Na2SO4溶液腐蚀下,砂浆损伤参数随时间呈多项式衰减.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。