脱硫石膏料球的分解

为研究脱硫石膏在成球状态下的分解特性,根据石膏分解气固反应和固固反应机制,探索脱硫石膏料球分解反应的影响因素及其影响规律。研究结果表明:脱硫石膏料球很难在弱还原性气氛条件下分解;在掺入石油焦作为固体还原剂后,脱硫石膏能够较好地实现分解。正交实验结果表明:掺入石油焦的脱硫石膏料球较优的分解条件为:分解温度1 200℃、分解时间30 min、碳硫摩尔比n(C)/n(S)为1.0、料球粒径为5~7 mm。     

钛铁矿和高磷铁矿混合矿氧气顶吹熔融还原炼铁的工艺条件

采用氧气顶吹熔融还原法进行了高磷铁矿和钛铁矿混合矿炼铁的实验研究,考察了熔渣四元碱度、反应温度、碳氧摩尔比、通氧时间、保温时间和氧流量对炼铁效果的影响. 结果表明,提高反应温度、在一定范围内增加CaO加入量、提高碳氧摩尔比、延长通氧时间和保温时间、增加氧流量都能不同程度地提高铁还原率. 确定的合理工艺条件为：温度1500℃,碱度1.3,碳氧摩尔比1.0,保温时间30 min,通氧时间10 min,氧流量350 L/h,在此条件下渣铁分离较好,铁还原率达96.17%.     

复合还原剂还原分解磷石膏的影响因素

采用高硫煤与煤矸石制备成复合还原剂还原分解磷石膏,研究了还原剂配方及粒度、C/S值（物料中C与S的摩尔比值）、反应温度对炉气二氧化硫浓度、磷石膏CaSO4分解率和脱硫率影响。结果表明：二氧化硫浓度可达16.02%,磷石膏中CaSO4分解率大于95%,磷石膏脱硫率大于90%,能为制酸提供合格的原料气和为制水泥提供合格的原料。     

掺杂CuO对C4A3(S)矿物形成的影响

研究了掺杂CuO对C4A3(S)矿物形成的影响.结果表明:在1300℃保温1 h,3 h的煅烧条件下,掺杂一定量的CuO,能使C4A3S的形成量增加,但当CuO掺加质量分数超过0.3%时,C4A3(S)含量会降低,保温时间延长对C4A3(S)的形成不利.IR分析结果表明:CuO使C4A3(S)的晶格发生了畸变.在石膏晶型转变前,掺杂适量的CuO可以促进C4A3(S)的形成,同时可以使C4A3(S)的形成温度降低,而且CuO的掺入会使石膏的分解温度降低,过量还会促进石膏的分解.     

CO_2气氛下褐煤还原磷石膏的TG-FTIR研究

为了实现磷石膏的资源化利用,采用热重-傅里叶红外光谱联用技术(TG-FTIR),在CO_2气氛下对曲靖褐煤还原磷石膏的反应特性进行了研究。通过热重-红外联用技术分别对固体产物和气体产物的生成规律进行分析。结果表明,CO_2气氛下褐煤的加入可以明显降低磷石膏的还原分解温度,褐煤还原磷石膏主要经过三个过程:水分析出过程、褐煤热解过程、褐煤和CO与磷石膏的还原过程,且第三个过程的反应产物随Ca/C摩尔比的不同而变化。当Ca/C=0.5时,主要固体产物为CaS,气体中SO_2的释放较少;当Ca/C=2时,褐煤与磷石膏反应生成CaS,此后生成的CaS又可与磷石膏发生固-固反应生成CaO,气体中SO_2释放量较高,为分解磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥提供一定的可能。     

复合还原剂还原分解磷石膏制取高浓度二氧化硫

采用高硫煤与煤矸石制备成复合还原剂还原分解磷石膏,研究了还原剂配方及粒度、n(C)/n(S)(生料中碳与三氧化硫物质的量比)、反应温度对炉气二氧化硫体积分数、磷石膏硫酸钙分解率和脱硫率的影响.结果表明:复合还原剂配方、反应温度、还原剂粒度对二氧化硫的体积分数都有影响.采用高硫煤与煤矸石的质量比为2∶ 1的复合还原剂,在n(C)/n(S)为0.7、还原剂粒径为111～122 μm、温度大于1 000 ℃时,二氧化硫体积分数可达16.02%,与采用单一高硫煤作为还原剂相比,二氧化硫体积分数能提高1.46%.采用复合还原剂工艺有利于降低反应温度,提高二氧化硫体积分数和磷石膏分解率及脱硫率,可为煤矸石、磷石膏综合利用开发一条新途径.     

硫酸亚铁还原热分解过程的研究

以炉气中SO₂浓度及硫酸亚铁的脱硫率为指标,探究了不同硫酸亚铁水合物、煤炭种类、C/S值(物料中C与S的摩尔比)和温度对热裂解过程的影响。结果表明,硫酸亚铁水合物先脱水再分解,其脱水产生水蒸气汇入生成炉气中,冲淡炉气中SO₂的浓度。当反应温度为800℃、C/S为1时,FeSO₄·H₂O分解产生的炉气里SO₂质量分数可达11. 12%,其脱硫率大于99%,煅烧后固相物铁质量分数大于60%,能够满足作为制备硫酸合格原料气和炼铁厂合格铁精粉原料的要求。     

CaF2作用下磷石膏还原分解过程的动力学特性

借助热分析手段,研究了磷石膏在矿化剂作用下还原分解过程的反应特性,探讨了矿化剂CaF2对磷石膏高温分解过程的影响.矿化剂的引入可以显著降低磷石膏分解的起始温度,有效提高磷石膏还原分解的反应活性,加入3wt％ CaF2能使磷石膏的分解温度降低约200℃.矿化剂与磷石膏混合体系在950℃下分解时,主要产物是Ca2SiO4,也存在含氟的共熔体,表明加入CaF2能促进磷石膏的固相分解反应.利用Coats-Redfem法获得磷石膏还原反应的动力学方程,计算得到其表观活化能E=380.06 kJ/mol.     

加入聚乙烯的含碳铁矿球团的直接还原

以包头地区褐铁矿和无烟煤为主要原料,加入聚乙烯颗粒制成含碳铁矿球团,直接还原制备珠铁. 考察了还原温度、还原时间、配碳量及聚乙烯加入量对含碳铁矿球团直接还原的影响. 结果表明,影响含碳铁矿球团还原率的因素为还原温度、还原时间、配碳量、聚乙烯加入量. 最佳还原条件为C/O摩尔比1.2,加入聚乙烯量4%(w), 1350℃下保温5 min. 该条件下产物还原率最高,达99.87%. 加入一定量聚乙烯可缩短球团还原时间、降低还原温度、提高还原效率. 添加2% CaF2不仅使渣铁分离效果明显,且分离的渣可自然粉化,有利于筛分得到高品质珠铁.     

磷石膏流态化分解与甲烷燃烧反应热量耦合研究

在振动流化床中对磷石膏分解与甲烷催化燃烧热量耦合强化磷石膏分解过程进行了研究。考察了反应温度、碳硫摩尔比、甲烷浓度、物料高径比、气体流量和反应时间对磷石膏分解率、脱硫率以及产生气体SO2浓度的影响。实验表明,强化磷石膏分解反应适宜的耦合条件为:反应温度1 030℃,气体流量140 mL/min,φ(CH4)4%,碳硫摩尔比1.0,物料高径比4.8,反应时间60 min,磷石膏分解率和脱硫率分别达到95.42%和85.62%,SO2体积分数达到17.86%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。