大掺量超细矿渣粉水泥基胶凝材料的性能与结构及磷石膏的影响

研究了用50%～80%(质量分数,下同)超细矿渣粉和20%～50%的P·Ⅱ42.5水泥配合的胶凝材料的性能及添加磷石膏对其性能的影响.结果表明:用50%～80%超细矿渣粉等量取代水泥,对水泥的凝结时间影响不大,但会较大幅度降低其3 d和7 d的抗压强度和抗折强度:而超细矿渣粉的取代量为50%～60%时,胶凝材料的28d强度与硅酸盐水泥持平甚至超过后者,并可减小胶凝材料的早期收缩:掺加超细矿渣粉量的2%～3%的磷石膏可以较大幅度提高大掺量超细矿渣粉胶凝材料的早期强度,而对其后期强度和干缩性能无不利影响,对大掺量超细矿渣粉胶凝材料硬化后期浆体水化产物和结构也无显著影响.     

粉煤灰对不同胶凝体系干缩影响

采用干燥收缩试验法研究了粉煤灰对再生微粉和水泥复合胶凝体系、碱矿渣胶凝体系收缩性能的影响。试验结果表明:粉煤灰能明显降低再生微粉和水泥复合胶凝体系、碱矿渣胶凝体系干燥收缩性能;分析了粉煤灰降低不同胶凝体系收缩的机理。     

含钢渣的复合矿物掺合料对胶凝材料及混凝土性能的影响

通过测量胶凝材料的水化热、硬化浆体的孔隙分布、混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度、氯离子渗透性、干燥收缩以及碳化深度,探讨了含钢渣复合矿物掺合料的水化特性及对混凝土性能的影响.结果表明,与粉煤灰相比钢渣活性低,可降低混凝土的干燥收缩值,但对混凝土的孔隙分布、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗氯离子渗透性和抗碳化性能均有不利影响,而当钢渣与矿渣复合使用时可表现出与粉煤灰相近甚至更为良好的效果.     

水对碱矿渣胶凝材料介电性能的影响(Ⅰ)

研究了碱激发矿渣(alkali active slag cement,AASC)胶凝材料的介电性能.结果表明:在100℃干燥4h可以消除胶凝材料硬化浆体中自由水对其介电性能的影响.介电频谱表明:在高频区域,胶凝材料的介电常数(εr)在6～8之间,介电损耗(tanδ)在0.02～0.04之间;但是,干燥样品放置在相对湿度约为40%的大气环境中与水汽接触时,胶凝材料表面的毛细孔吸附空气中的水汽,饱和吸附量的质量分数(下同)约为1.2%,导致胶凝硬化浆体的εr和tanδ急剧增大.因此,通过低温干燥处理不能改善胶凝硬化浆体的吸水性能.进一步的差热分析(differential thermal analysis,DTA)和热重分析(thermogravimetry analysis,TGA)可知:100℃干燥样品中仍有2%左右的化合水,这是干燥样品tanδ仍然高于陶瓷材料的主要原因.     

脱硫石膏-粉煤灰-水泥胶凝体系强度及耐久性能研究

本文介绍了脱硫石膏-粉煤灰-水泥胶凝体系的强度、耐水性、干缩性能及抗碳化性能;通过XRD和SEM分析了此胶凝体系的水化产物和微观形貌.结果表明:脱硫石膏-粉煤灰-水泥胶凝体系有较高的强度和较好的耐水性.该胶凝体系有较好的“收缩补偿”效应,干燥收缩较小.由于碱含量较少,该胶凝体系碳化速度较快.     

碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构.结果表明:碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30 %(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长.与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱-磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低.掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大.用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩.碱-磷渣-粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体.     

温度对水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料水化的影响（英文）

研究了温度对水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料硬化浆体微观结构及净浆和砂浆后期强度的影响。利用背散射图像分析法测定了硬化浆体中水泥和矿渣各自的反应程度。探讨了水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料水化程度、微观结构和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:温度对纯水泥的水化程度影响很小,但高温(60℃)降低了纯水泥净浆的后期抗压强度。高温阻碍了复合胶凝材料浆体中水泥的后期水化,但促进了矿渣的水化,提高了矿渣的后期反应程度。高温下矿渣持续反应使硬化浆体的孔结构细化,使复合胶凝材料净浆的后期抗压强度与常温养护时相近。高温对水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料砂浆后期抗压强度的不利影响大于净浆后期抗压强度。高温养护并不导致水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料的后期水化程度降低。复合胶凝材料的水化程度与强度不呈线性相关。     

碱矿渣水泥的收缩与开裂特性及其减缩与增韧

碱矿渣水泥是具有高强、高耐久性的胶凝材料,但其收缩大,易开裂,是阻碍其广泛应用的主要原因。通过与通用硅酸盐水泥对比,综合评述碱矿渣水泥的收缩与开裂特点及碱矿渣水泥的减缩与增韧的研究现状与存在问题,分析碱矿渣水泥收缩大,易开裂的主要原因,提出了通过掺入膨胀剂、纤维、矿物颗粒和喷洒减缩剂对碱矿渣水泥进行减缩与增韧的建议。     

等28d抗压强度条件下粉煤灰和矿渣对C50混凝土后期性能的影响

在28 d抗压强度相近的前提下,制备了纯水泥混凝土、大掺量粉煤灰混凝土、大掺量矿渣混凝土,测定了不同混凝土的后期抗压强度、抗氯离子渗透性,以及胶凝材料的化学结合水、硬化浆体中的Ca(OH)2含量.结果表明:含大掺量矿物掺合料的混凝土的后期强度和抗氯离子渗透性均明显高于纯水泥混凝土;大掺量矿渣混凝土的后期强度高于同掺量的大掺量粉煤灰混凝土;复合胶凝材料的后期水化程度增长率明显高于纯水泥;复合胶凝材料硬化浆体中后期Ca(OH)2含量明显低于纯水泥硬化浆体.     

碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的性能与硬化浆体结构(英文)

为充分利用磷渣和粉煤灰两种工业废渣生产高性能胶凝材料,研究了不同磷渣/粉煤灰配合比的碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料性能,并用扫描电子显微镜和压汞仪分析了硬化浆体的细观结构和孔结构。结果表明:碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间正常,在粉煤灰掺量为0～30%(质量分数)范围内,随粉煤灰的掺量的增加,碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的凝结时间略有延长。与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,碱–磷渣胶凝材料的抗压强度较高,其3d和28d抗压强度分别可达到30.9MPa和98.8MPa,但其抗折强度相对较低。掺加粉煤灰后碱胶凝材料的抗压强度降低,而抗折强度提高。碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料的耐蚀性和抗冻性能均显著优于硅酸盐水泥,其干缩比硅酸盐水泥的大。用部分粉煤灰取代磷渣粉可一定程度减小干缩。碱–磷渣–粉煤灰胶凝材料硬化浆体的结构非常致密,其孔隙率和平均孔径均小于普通硅酸盐水泥硬化浆体。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。