PbSnO_3/膨润土复合光催化剂对甲基橙溶液的脱色性能

以钠基膨润土为载体,硝酸铅[Pb(NO3)2]和结晶四氯化锡(SnCl45H_2O)为原料,采用水热合成法制备出PbSnO3/膨润土复合光催化剂。以甲基橙为目标降解物,在自然光照条件下,研究PbSnO3/膨润土复合光催化剂对甲基橙的脱色性能,实验表明:光照时间30min,催化剂用量为50mg/L,膨润土负载比为5%时脱色率达到91%以上。     

Cd/CdS光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用胶体化学法制备表面富镉的Cd／CdS纳米粒子为催化剂对水溶液中甲基橙的光催化降解进行了研究。探讨了光催化反应机理,讨论了光催化剂用量,双氧水的用量,试液的pH值,光照时间与甲基橙脱色率的关系。实验结果表明,当甲基橙起始浓度为20mg／L,Cd／CdS用量为0．500g,双氧水用量为5．88mmol／L,pH值为7．0时,光照6h,甲基橙的脱色率可达到95．5％。     

静电溶液喷射Fe2O3/Al2O3超细纤维负载型光催化剂的制备及催化性能研究

利用静电溶液喷射法,结合浸渍焙烧工艺成功制备了Fe2O3/Al2O3超细纤维负载型光催化剂.采用SEM、EDS、XRD等技术对其进行表征,以酸性大红(RR 195)的光催化降解为目标反应,评价其光催化活性.结果表明,通过静电溶液喷射方法制备的氧化铝超细纤维毡柔性较好,纤维平均直径为3.78 μm.光催化实验表明,当煅烧温度为500℃、铁负载量为195.5mg/g时,催化剂的性能最佳.在紫外光照及H2O2存在的条件下,反应120 min后,该催化剂对RR 195的脱色率达到95％,3次循环反应后,120min内染料的脱色率可达70％.反应后该催化剂仍然保持良好的纤维形态,易于分离,避免了二次污染.     

尖晶石型掺杂镉锡酸锌的制备与光催化性能

采用化学共沉淀法制各了尖晶石型掺杂镉的Zn2SnO4粉体.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)进行表征,利用紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)测试技术,研究粉体结构及不同掺杂量对光催化活性的影响,确定最佳掺杂量和热处理温度.以波长λ=312nm的光源对茜素红水溶液进行光催化降解实验,讨论光催化剂用量、染料浓度、催化剂焙烧温度及时间、试液的pH值、光照时间等与染料脱色率的关系.结果表明,该复合氧化物粉体属立方晶系,组成为(CdO.06ZnO.94)2SnO4.在实验条件下,cd+的加入使Zn2SnO4的光催化活性明显提高.     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-Fe_2O_3光催化降解含酚废水

采用固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-Fe2O3为光催化剂,苯酚的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了pH值、苯酚初始浓度、催化剂投加量、光照距离、光照时间、助催化剂H2O2对光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明,苯酚初始浓度为50mg/L,催化剂投加量5g/L,光照距离11cm,光照时间为150min,降解率达61.29%,添加助催化剂H2O2后,反应60min,苯酚降解率达到85.12%。     

B、N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2光催化降解染料废水研究

采用B、N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2降解酸性蓝BRL、活性金黄K-2RA、弱酸性黑RB和酸性大红GR 4种染料废水,考察了催化剂用量、染料初始浓度、光照时间和pH值等对其降解率的影响。结果表明:B、N和Ce共掺杂TiO_2除了能使染料快速褪色外,还能将其完全矿化为CO_2,SO_4~(2-)和NH~+_4等离子。酸性大红GR染料和酸性蓝BRL在pH=5、催化剂用量50mg、初始浓度50mg/L、光照180min时降解率分别为98%和94.2%。pH=1、催化剂用量50mg、初始浓度40mg/L、光照时间180min时,活性金黄K-2RA的降解率达94.5%。弱酸性黑RB在pH=2、催化剂用量60mg、初始浓度20mg/L、光照时间210min时,降解率达到最大,为92.6%。     

CaSnO3粒子对甲基橙溶液的脱色性能

采用水热合成法制备出完整的正交晶型CaSnO3粉末,通过X射线衍射图谱(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)等分析方法对样品的晶体结构和形态进行了表征。并研究了其对甲基橙溶液的脱色性能。结果表明:CaSnO3对甲基橙溶液有良好的脱色效果。当CaSnO3浓度为60mg/L,光照时间为100min时,其对pH为3-5的甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达89%以上。     

La-TiO_2/Hβ复合光催化剂降解模拟染料废水

用共沉淀法制备了新型La-TiO2/Hβ复合光催化剂,并以亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟废水,探讨了其对亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解效果,优化了降解条件。结果表明,La-TiO2/Hβ复合光催化剂降解25mL亚甲基蓝溶液的适宜条件是:亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为20mg/L,光照时间为30min,氧化剂H2O2用量为2.0mL,催化剂用量为2.4g/L。在此反应条件下,亚甲基蓝降解率达到98.2%,且催化剂重复使用3次后催化活性基本不变。     

水热法合成TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂及其氧化降解亚甲基蓝

以硫酸钛为钛源,采用水热法合成了TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂,利用XRD对产物晶体结构进行表征,研究在紫外光(365nm)照射下用合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末催化降解亚甲基蓝的效果,分析了亚甲基蓝初始浓度、TiO2/Fe3+用量、掺Fe3+量、光照时间和溶液初始pH值等因素的影响;考察了溶液初始pH值对TiO2/Fe3+粉末的吸附性能和光催化活性的影响。结果表明:合成的TiO2/Fe3+晶体为锐钛矿型(A-TiO2)。在4mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液(pH=8)中,加入掺Fe3+量0.8%(摩尔分数)合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末使其用量为0.6g/L,室温下紫外光照反应6h,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98.2%。在上述优化条件下,当溶液的pH<6时,催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附量和光催化效率均较低,且二者随pH升高而显著增加;当pH≥6时,对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用较大,因此较明显地提高了光催化活性。     

β_2-SiW_(11)Cr/PANI光催化剂制备、表征及光催化性能研究

以杂多酸盐β_2-K_6[SiW_(11)Cr(H_2O)O_(39)]·xH_2O为掺杂剂制得十一钨铬硅酸盐/聚苯胺(β_2-SiW_(11)Cr/PANI)掺杂材料,采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、XRD、EDS和SEM等方法对产物的结构进行表征,以龙胆紫溶液为模拟工业染料废水,考察了其光催化性能的影响因素。实验表明,β_2-SiW_(11)Cr/PANI光催化降解龙胆紫的最佳条件是:催化剂用量60mg/L,pH值为3,染料溶液初始浓度为15mg/L,紫外灯光照190min,脱色率可达98.28%。光催化降解龙胆紫为拟一级动力学反应。     

WO_3-TiO_2纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备WO3-TiO2纳米复合材料,并用透射电镜和X射线衍射对所制备材料进行表征和分析。以WO3-TiO2纳米材料为光催化剂对甲基橙进行光催化降解处理,研究WO3的掺杂量、煅烧温度、光照时间等因素对甲基橙降解率的影响。结果表明:在紫外灯照射下,使用w(WO3)=3%、550℃下煅烧得到的WO3-TiO2纳米复合粉体0.02 g,甲基橙溶液20 mL(ρ=5 mg/L,pH=4),光催化3 h后,甲基橙降解率达到94.93%。     

Laser induced photocatalytic degradation of hazardous dye (Safranin-O) using self synthesized nanocrystalline WO3

The photocatalytic degradation of Safranin-O (known as Basic Red 2) in water using locally synthesized nanocrystalline WO(3) as a photocatalyst was investigated under UV laser irradiation. The photo-oxidation removal of the dye was monitored by UV-vis spectrophotometer. The blank experiments for either laser irradiated only Safranin-O solution or the suspension containing WO(3) and Safranin-O in the dark showed that both laser illumination and the photocatalyst were essential for the removal of Safranin-O. The effect of experimental parameters including laser energy, catalyst loading, solution pH and the initial dye concentration on photocatalytic degradation of Basic Red 2 were also investigated. Results indicate that the rate of reaction is strongly influenced by the adsorption of an azo dye into the surface of the photocatalyst materials and suggests an optimum catalyst loading and dye concentration for the degradation reaction. It was investigated that the adsorption of the dye decreases at higher alkaline pH because both catalyst and substrate are negatively charged, developing repulsive forces between them. Kinetic data obtained reveals that the rate of the reaction obeys the first-order kinetics.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methylorange Using TiO2, WO3 and mixed thin films under controlled pH and H2O2

Wastewaters resulting from textile industry sector have a different chemistry compared with most of the other wastewaters. The different dyes in excess are usually very stable and even small quantities can have a major impact to the effluent. In order to treat these wastewaters, photodegradation is a largely investigated process that can be up-scaled. Photocatalysts based on wide band gap semiconductors can be used in heterogeneous photocatalysis and mostly reported are TiO2 and WO3. Under UV irradiation they form electron-hole pairs that produce active species that can oxidize the dye molecules. The electron-hole recombination represents the main cause for low efficiencies and is limited by the use of oxidant systems like H2O2. Doctor blade technique, a reproducible, up-scalable and low cost technique was used to obtain thin films. The reference dye, used in this experiment is methylorange in solution of 0.0125 mM, corresponding to average polluted water. In order to reduce the recombination in the catalysts, H2O2 is used. Another important aspect of the dye photocatalysis process, investigated in the paper is the adsorption of the dye molecule on the photocatalyst surface, strongly depending on pH which affects the dye's structure and the surface charge. Experiments are conducted at fixed pH values: 3, and respectively 7 covering values below and over the ZPC of the photocatalysts. The results show that TiO2/WO3 films have higher efficiency then the TiO2 and WO3 films, mainly due to the surface morphology of the films. By adding H2O2, higher efficiencies are obtained, confirming that the electron-hole pair recombination is reduced. From the point of view of pH, higher efficiencies are obtained in acidic solutions and the results are comparatively discussed considering the dye's ionic/neutral structure and the photocatalyst surface charge. The efficiency was calculated using UV-VIS spectrophotometer measurements of the solution and the thin films were characterized by AFM and XRD.     

Al2O3和Y2O3包覆的SiC复合粒子制备

本文利用非均匀成核法,将Al（OH）3和Y（OH）3均匀地包匿在SiC粒子表面,制备出被覆Al2O3和Y2O3的SiC复合粒子．包覆Al（OH）3的SiC粒子,其等电点IEP的pH=3．4移至pH=7.3,再用Y（OH）3包覆表面被覆Al（OH）3的SiC复合粒子后,其等电点IEP又从pH=73移至pH=8.6左右．并且表面包覆的SiC粒子,其水悬浮液流变性质发生了变化．经盐酸滴定表明,涂层物质的包覆率可达95％以上．     

Preparation and Properties of Sintering Additives Coated Si3N4 from Heterogeneous Nucleation Processing

The sintering additives such as Al2O3 and /or Y2O3 were coated on the surfaces of Si3N4 particles via heterogeneous nucleation processing using a buffered pH solution as the precipitation reagent .They nucleated and grew only on the surfaces of Si3N4 and did not form sol particles in solution by TEM observation .The isoelectric point(IEP) of coated Si3N4 was different from that of as-received Si3N4.The IEP of Al(OH)3-coated Si3N4 occurred at pH8.4, which is close to that of alumina .When Al(OH)3-coated Si3N4 particles were coated with Y(OH)3,the IEP of coated Si3N4 powder shifted from pH8.4 to pH9.2 ,similar to that of yttria.In addition ,the rheological data showed that Al2O3 and /or Y2O3 coated Si3N4 suspension is nearly Newtonian and that added Si3N4 suspension shows a shear rate thinning behavior.     

Photocatalytic activity of novel AgBr/WO3 composite photocatalyst under visible light irradiation for methyl orange degradation

A novel AgBr/WO(3) composite photocatalyst was synthesized by loading AgBr on WO(3) substrate via deposition-precipitation method and characterized by XRD, SEM and DRS. The as-prepared AgBr/WO(3) was composed of monoclinic WO(3) substrate and face-centered cubic AgBr nanoparticles with crystalline sizes less than 56.8 nm. AgBr/WO(3) had absorption edge at about 470 nm in the visible light region. The optical AgBr content in AgBr/WO(3) was 0.30:1 (Ag/W) at the corresponding apparent rate, k(app), of 0.0160 min(-1) for MO degradation. The highest k(app) was 0.0216 min(-1) for 4 g/L catalyst. The OH acted as active species. Addition of H(2)O(2) within 0.020 mmol/L can efficiently trap electrons to generate more OH and further improved photocatalytic activity of AgBr/WO(3).     

Synthesis and photo-degradation application of WO3/TiO2 hollow spheres

A WO(3)/TiO(2) composite, hollow-sphere photocatalyst with average diameter of 320 nm and shell thickness of 50 nm was successfully prepared using a template method. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra illustrated that the main absorption edges of the WO(3)/TiO(2) hollow spheres were red-shifted compared to the TiO(2) hollow spheres, indicating an extension of light absorption into the visible region of the composite photocatalyst. The WO(3) and TiO(2) phases were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. BET isotherms revealed that the specific surface area and average pore diameter of the hollow spheres were 40.95 m(2)/g and 19 nm, respectively. Photocatalytic experiments indicate that 78% MB was degraded by WO(3)/TiO(2) hollow spheres under visible light within 80 min. Under the same conditions, only 24% MB can be photodegraded by TiO(2). The photocatalytic mineralization of MB, catalyzed by TiO(2) and WO(3)/TiO(2), proceeded at a significantly higher rate under UV irradiation than that under visible light, and more significant was the increase in the apparent rate constant with the WO(3)/TiO(2) composite semiconductor material which was 3.2- and 3.5-fold higher than with the TiO(2) material under both UV and visible light irradiation. The increased photocatalytic activity of the coupled nanocomposites was attributed to photoelectron/hole separation efficiency and the extension of the wavelength range of photoexcitation.     

微乳液水热法制备钨酸铋光催化剂及性能研究

采用微乳液介导水热法制备Bi2WO6和Fe/Bi2WO6光催化剂,并研究水热反应温度、前驱体pH值、水相与表面活性剂的摩尔比ω值和Fe3+掺杂量对光催化剂结构、形貌和光催化活性等方面的影响.结果表明:合成的Bi2WO6为15～25 nm的纳米球状结构;当前驱体pH=1、水热温度为150℃下合成的Bi2WO6催化剂对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解率达到93.8%;当ω=27时合成的Bi2WO6对MB光催化降解率达到了97.8%.研究发现当掺入1.03%的Fe3+的Bi2WO6比纯Bi2WO6对MB的降解率提高了2倍,达到90.2%.     

空心结构(C12H8N2)3·H3PMo12O40/WO3的制备及光催化研究

制备了杂多化合物(C12H8N2)3.H3PMo12O40和空心结构复合催化剂(C12H8N2)3.H3PMo12O40/WO3,采用等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、元素分析(EA)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能量色散X射线谱(EDS)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)进行了表征。在高压汞灯照射下,研究了杂多化合物(C12H8N2)3.H3PMo12O40、空心WO3微球和空心复合催化剂(C12-H8N2)3.H3PMo12O40/WO3对罗丹明B水溶液的光催化降解活性,结果表明,在复合催化剂中,杂多化合物(C12-H8N2)3.H3PMo12O40和WO3具有协同作用,光催化活性比单独的杂多化合物和WO3都高。