Experimental Study on Nitrogen Solubility in Molten Iron and Denitrification during Hot Metal Pretreatment

Rollback smoke is one kind of familiar turbulent flow during mine fire and may cause serious damage and injury. The rollback law of reversal smoke flow is significant to mine fire rescue. The theories of environmental fluid mechanics and heat transfer are applied to study on the rollback law of the reversal smoke flow in a horizontal airway during mine fire. The heat transfer process between the rever- sal smoke and the airway wall is analyzed. Through the analysis above, the rollback distance equation of the reversal smoke is formed. The mass flux of the re- versal smoke flow at the reverse point above the fire source and under the roof and the temperature at the point before smoke reverse again are the key points of working out the equation. At the stagnation before smoke reverse again, namely at the stagnant point oft he reversal smoke, the pressure between smoke flow and airflow is equal and thus a pressure equilibrium equation is built up. Combined with the smoke plume model and gas state equation, the mass flux of the re- versal smoke and the temperature at the stagnant point are worked out. At a result, the function of rollback distance of the reversal smoke is educed and simplified in order to be used in practice.     

Material Flow in Jaw Crusher

Jaw crusher is a kind of machine widely used in mining and aggregates industry,but it still has some shortcom- ings,such as liners wear,terrible power draw etc.The lack of research on material flow strongly limits the design improvement. The size reduction of the jaw crusher relies on the moving jaw movement that is a kind of complicated swing.Based on the move- ment analysis of the moving jaw and the single particle breakage characters,the material flow is analyzed.The measure of the breakage force is carried out.Material flow analysis is partly confirmed by the experimental results and some new information is also learned from the crushing force distribution.The job on the material flow will be helpful to the jaw crusher design improve- ment.     

Preparation of p-menthane hydroperoxide from p-menthane in presence of metalloporphyrins

The aerobic oxidation of p-menthane to p-menthane hydroperoxide (PMHP) in the presence of metalloporphyrins was investigated in an intermittent mode under an atmospheric pressure of air. Several important reaction parameters, such as the structure of metalloporphyrin, the air flow rate, and the temperature, were studied. The preliminary mechanism of the aerobic oxidation of p-menthane catalyzed by metalloporphyrins was also discussed. The results show that the reaction is greatly accelerated by the addition of metalloporphyrins at very low concentration, in terms of both the yield and formation rate of PMHP, and the high selectivity of PMHP is maintained during the reaction. Temperature of 120 ℃ and reaction time of around 5 h are the optimal conditions for the best result in the presence of 0.06 mmol/L monomanganeseporphyrins ((p-Cl)TPPMnCl). Furthermore, the yield of PMHP is increased remarkably when the reaction is carried out under programmed temperature compared with the constant temperature. When the reaction is catalyzed by 0.06 mmol/L((p-Cl)TPPMnCl) at the air flow rate of 600 mL/min and 120 ℃ for 4 h, and then the temperature is reduced to 110 ℃, for another 4 h, the yield of PMHP reaches 24.3%, which is higher than that of the reaction at a constant temperature of 120 ℃ or 110 ℃ for 8 h.     

On Co—precipation Fabrication of Continuously Graded Composites

The manner by which particles settle in the laminar flow region is first described and the characteristics of co-sedimentation of two-species particles are summarized.The subsequent introduction is focused on the fabrication process of continuously graded composites using co-sedimentation technique,Finally,the authors point out the key problem that whould be solved immediately,based on their current work.     

Study on Character of Micro－Canal Deposit and Its Signficance in Petroleum Geology——Case study of Tuo－147－well in north zone of Dongying depression

Exploration on reservoir of glutenite segment in steep slope zone of half graben-like basin is one of the hot spot targets at present and in the future for new reservoirs; And the study of sediment character of sandy-conglomerate bodies is the keystone and also the difficult problem. Taking Tuo-147-well area in north zone of Dongying depression as an example, the micro-canal sedimentation was researched. The result shows that many micro-canals exist at the end of slope grain-flow in steep slope zone of half graben-like basin; The micro-canals grow at the end of subaqueous grain-flow deposited bodies of 3rd member of the Shahejie formation. The main condition of micro-canal formation is the slope angle less than 18“ and a long suitable sedimentary slope. These micro-canals may communicate the reservoir of glutenite segment in steep slope zone and the hydrocarbon stratum as a bridge role. Therefore, it is significant in theory and practice for discovering a series of micro-canals at the end of slope grain-flow in steep slope zone of half graben-like basin.     

Debris flow prevention pattern in national parks Taking the world natural heritage Jiuzhaigou as an example

With the development of the ecological tourism, how to control debris flow innational parks becomes an urgent problem. The characteristics of prevention of thedebris flow in the areas are systematically studied, and a scientific strategy is introducedfor dealing with debris flows. In term of the activity attribute of the debris flow and objects protected in Jiuzhaigou, some methods are proposed to arrange the projects of hazardmitigation, and finally an approach is established to carry out the technology in the controlof the debris flow scientifically, reasonably and feasibly. Integrating the aforesaid strategy with methods, the pattern of prevention and countermeasures of the debris flow has beentheorized, in this way the mitigation hazards engineering is in harmony with the naturalview and combined with the ecology. The prevention pattern of the debris flow in nationalparks is divergent from those in other areas such as towns, traffic lines, and farmland.After the successful application of the pattern in the Jiuzhaigou National Park, iteffectively controls debris flows and achieves the expected target, such as conserving the landscape resource, sustaining ecological environment, and securing the visitors andresidents.     

Research on flow stress in ferrite deformation of a Ti-IF steel

The experiments of the ferrite warm deformation of ultra-low carbon （ULC） Ti-IF steel were carded out on a hot simulator and the influences of deformation temperature, strain, and strain rate on the flow stress were analyzed. New flow stress models suitable to ferrite warm forming of Ti-IF steel were given on the basis of analyzing the influence of deformation technology parameters on the flow stress.     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on structure of roll casting aluminum strip

The experiment of ultrasonic treatment of roll casting aluminum strip on plane twin-roll cast-roller with double-heads ultrasonic tools was carried out, and the metallographic structure of the roll casting aluminum strip treated by ultrasonic was studied. The results show that ultrasonic treatment can refine the grain of the roll casting aluminum strips and make the structure of the strips more homogeneous. The effect is the best when the power of ultrasonic is 300 W and the incident angle of the guide rod is 45^＋. The mechanism of acoustic cavitations and acoustic flow on grain refinement was also discussed. The heat effect of intensity ultrasonic was studied. The present problems during ultrasonic roll casting process, such as the imperfect cooling system, the inaccurate calculation of ultrasonic energy, and the shape and position of the guide rod to be improved were pointed out.     

Simulation of the influence of the baffle on flowing field in the anode baking ring furnace

In an anode baking horizontal flue ring furnace, the temperature distribution is one of the key factors influencing the quality of baked anode and is closely correlated with the gas flow. To understand the gas flow distribution in the flue, Navier-Stokes equation with “k-ε“ two-equation turbulence model was adopted and the simulation on the gas flow was performed. The numerical simulation results showed that the even direction of gas flow should be considered in the design of flue baffles and the gas flow distribution was really uneven in the flue in practical use. By adjusting the number and location of flue baffles rationally, the even distribution of gas flow can be improved obviously.     

Fluid Flow in Tundish Due to Different Type Arrangement of Weir and Dam

Tundish is an important metallurgical reactor in the continuous casting process,In order to control the fluid flow in tundish and thus take full advantage of the residence time available for the removal of inclusions from molten steel,the effect of weir and dam on the fluid flow has been studied in a water model based on the characteristic number Froude and Reynold number similarity criteria.The residence time distribution curves of the flow were measured by SG800,The optimum arrangement of dam and weir and the nonstationary flow in tundish were discussed.The results show that the comnbination of weir and dam is benefit for the flow pattern in tundish,weir can prevent the upper recirculating flow.dam can cut off the bottom flow and turn to upwards,it is advantageous to separate the nometallic inclusions.Furthermore,it is importnat to exceed the critical depth of bath during exchange ladles,not only for the inclusion floatation but also for avoiding tundish slag drainage earlier.     

红旗凹陷南屯组沉积特征及优势储集相带分析

综合运用了地震、岩芯、录井、测井等方面的资料,在区域构造背景下详细地分析了红旗凹陷在南屯组沉积时期主要发育的沉积体系类型及其平面展布特征,认为研究区主要发育有扇三角洲、湖底扇及湖泊三种类型的沉积体系,其中扇三角洲沉积主要发育在西侧的红西陡坡带内,东侧缓坡带内发育范围较小,前缘砂体向前推进过程中遇断裂坡折带发生滑塌,在HS6等井区处形成湖底扇沉积体系,湖泊沉积体系主要发育在西侧陡坡带和东侧缓坡带间的洼槽区内。对不同微相类型岩芯样品的物性特征进行分析发现,扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道和湖底扇中扇辫状沟道微相物性特征好,是最有利的油气储集相带;扇三角洲平原分流河道微相次之,为较有利的油气储集相带。     

东营凹陷王庄地区Es3＋4段砂砾岩扇体及其成藏特征分析

随着东营凹陷北部陡坡带王庄-宁海地区亿吨级稠油藏的发现,砂砾岩扇体成藏类型的隐蔽油气藏勘探已经成为现阶段的油气勘探的重点目标和储量增长点之一。利用现代沉积学、测井学和地震勘探等手段,通过对王庄地区砂砾岩扇体及其油气成藏特征研究后认为：王庄地区在下第三纪以形成Es3＋4段的较高水动力能砂砾岩扇体（冲击扇、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇）沉积储集体为主,其中扇三角洲砂砾岩体是本区最主要的油气储集体;油藏类型以岩性一地层型圈闭为主,油气的聚集和分布均受沉积相的控制,油藏具有复杂多变的特点。     

渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷陡坡带沙河街组近岸水下扇低孔低渗储层成岩序列

根据大量岩芯、薄片、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和镜质体反射率等储层资料,探讨了渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷陡坡带沙河街组近岸水下扇砂体岩石学特征、储层物性特征、成岩作用类型及其特征、成岩阶段与成岩序列、储层孔隙类型与次生孔隙发育特征,分析了低孔低渗储层中次生孔隙(“甜点”)的形成条件及控制因素。结果表明:车镇凹陷陡坡带沙河街组近岸水下扇砂体由岩屑质长石砂岩构成,在埋藏过程中,储层经历了压实、胶结、溶解和交代等成岩作用,现今储层埋深2 000～3 800 m,储层处于中成岩阶段,总体上形成了低孔低渗储层;溶蚀作用对于改善储层质量起到了重要作用;主要在2 300～3 100 m 深度段的有机酸对长石颗粒的溶蚀以及形成的粒间和粒内孔隙不仅增加了储层孔隙度,而且提高了储层渗透率,改善了储层质量,孔隙度可达25%,渗透率达到50×10^-3 μm²,为油气富集高产提供了储集空间。总之,溶蚀作用及其形成的次生孔隙发育带对于预测有利储层是非常重要的。     

潜江凹陷潜江组沉积充填特征——基于钟112等井钻后

近几年钻探的钟112、钟113等井首次在潜江凹陷发现了近岸陡坡扇三角洲沉积,包括砂砾岩扇和灰质角砾岩扇,这一发现丰富了潜江凹陷潜江组沉积类型,总体上受边界断层潜北断层活动、古物源、古气候共同控制,潜江组沉积时期,潜江凹陷自北向南依次为三角洲(扇三角洲)-淡-半咸水湖-盐湖沉积特征,自西向东依次为淡-半咸水湖、荆门三角洲、乐乡关扇三角洲(砂砾岩、灰质角砾岩)、汉水三角洲和淡-半咸湖沉积,具有缓坡带三角洲延伸距离远,陡坡带三角洲(扇三角洲)延伸距离短的特点。     

渤南洼陷断裂坡折带系统及其沉积模式

从系统的角度出发,分析了渤南洼陷新生代断裂坡折带的构成、特征、演化及其沉积模式.渤南洼陷断裂坡折带系统是一个动态的系统,随着断裂的形成、消亡和盆地的演化,断裂坡折带可沿单阶型—多阶型—单阶型演变,这一动态演变不仅控制了不同时期洼陷中低位域砂体的横向分布,而且控制了低位域砂体的纵向沉积模式.其中,纵向沉积模式可归纳为3种类型:陡坡单阶型坡折带控砂模式、陡坡多阶型坡折带控砂模式、缓坡多阶型坡折带控砂模式.     

巴彦呼舒凹陷南屯组沉积特征及有利相带分析

巴彦呼舒凹陷目前处于勘探初级阶段,沉积特征及分布规律还不清晰。研究中运用岩芯、测井、地震、粒度分析等资料,结合区域构造地质背景分析,详细地探讨了巴彦呼舒凹陷在南屯组沉积时期的沉积体系类型和特征。认为研究区发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊3种沉积体系。其中,辫状河三角洲沉积、扇三角洲沉积分别主要发育在研究区东部的缓坡带和西部的陡坡带,湖泊相则发育在两者之间的中部洼槽带内。整体来看,沉积格局呈现了明显的“南北分块、东西分带”特点,自西部陡坡带至东部缓坡带,沉积相类型由扇三角洲过渡至深湖⁃半深湖后又逐渐过渡至辫状河三角洲。通过成藏条件研究,发现辫状河三角洲前缘、扇三角洲前缘砂体的储层物性好且常紧邻大规模的优质源岩,陡坡带、缓坡带、洼槽带处易形成陡坡反转构造油气藏、断层⁃岩性油气藏以及岩性油气藏。     

鲸鱼沟水库蓄水对泥岩-黄土岸坡稳定性的影响评价

库水位上升对库岸边坡的影响程度与水敏性地层位置、水位、滑面倾角等多个因素有关。为了研究白鹿塬鲸鱼沟水库蓄水过程中库水位升高对边坡稳定性的影响,依据水库区的边坡演化、地层结构、库水位与地层的关系等因素,对库区内的51个边坡剖面进行统计和分类,可将鲸鱼沟内的边坡分为第三系砂泥岩边坡、黄土-砂泥岩陡坡、黄土-砂泥岩陡坡和残坡积土-砂泥岩缓坡等四种类型,并选取4个典型的边坡类型建立起地质模型,采用Morgenstern-Price法计算了库水位升高过程中不同边坡类型的稳定系数。结果表明,任何库水位条件下,鲸鱼沟内的第三系砂泥岩陡坡、黄土-砂泥岩陡坡和残坡积土-砂泥岩缓坡的稳定系数均高于水利水电工程边坡的设计安全系数。黄土-砂泥岩缓坡由于Q_2-3黄土披覆于整个坡面,导致其稳定性差,在库水位上升过程中,稳定系数下降率大,易形成滑坡和库区塌方,经计算可知危险水位下黄土-砂泥岩缓坡滑移方量约占库区总滑移方量的13%。     

潜江凹陷周返地区潜江组岩性油藏勘探潜力分析

江汉盆地潜江凹陷周返地区处于潜江组砂岩尖灭线附近,是岩性油藏形成的有利地区,是近期挖潜增产的重要目标区。通过综合评价,认为位于研究区东侧水下分流河道末端的指状砂岩体发育区是潜四段岩性油藏滚动勘探的有利区,返Ⅲ断层上升盘是潜三段断层-岩性油藏勘探的有利区;精细小层对比和地震振幅属性储层预测是该区岩性油藏勘探的主要方法;水下分流河道末端的砂体物性差,干带范围较宽,在井位部署时必须引起重视。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系—三叠系构造层序格架与沉积叠合演化

玛湖凹陷是准噶尔盆地西北部的重要富烃凹陷和大型地层岩性油藏勘探区域,形成多层系的大型地层岩性油气藏。为了查明该区油气分布规律,应用构造层序分析法,通过岩芯观察和地震、录井、测井等资料,对二叠系—三叠系油气主要赋存层系进行研究。结果表明:玛湖凹陷二叠系—三叠系存在多个大型地层不整合面,可划分为下二叠统、中二叠统、上二叠统—三叠系等构造层序。二叠纪到三叠纪,玛湖地区经历了断陷、坳陷和大型坳陷斜坡三大演化阶段,形成了三大构造层序的叠置。下二叠统为伸展构造背景下形成的箕状结构构造层序,北部地层厚、南部地层薄,在北深南浅的箕状结构背景下沉积,凹陷区为分布广泛的细粒混积岩,为优质烃源岩建造,朝向斜坡区岩性逐渐变为砂岩、砾岩; 中二叠统为坳陷构造背景下形成的中部厚、周缘薄的构造层序,发育盆地边缘扇三角洲,表现为盆大、水浅,盆地边缘扇体有限,盆内砂泥互层沉积; 上二叠统—三叠系,玛湖地区处于准噶尔大型坳陷盆地的西北部斜坡区,在浅水、缓坡和湖侵背景下形成大型退覆式扇三角洲沉积,砂体呈纵向叠置、横向连片分布。三大构造层序的纵向叠置,形成了该区多层分布地层-岩性或构造-岩性油藏。     

乌南次凹南屯组高精度层序划分及地质意义

依据岩芯、录井和测井等方面资料,对海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷乌南次凹南屯组内的高精度层序地层格架及其控制下的沉积体系展布特征进行了研究。结果表明,研究区南屯组主要发育有5类层序界面,共划分出3个三级层序和9个四级层序。纵观各层序的残留地层厚度变化,可发现在南屯组沉积时期沉降中心逐渐西移,地层展布特征自下至上由“中厚-东、西薄”逐渐过渡为“西厚-东薄”的变化规律。乌南次凹南屯组沉积时期主要发育有辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、湖底扇及湖泊4种沉积体系,沉积体系平面展布具有“东西分带”的特点,其中扇三角洲沉积体系主要发育在西部乌西陡坡带,辫状河三角洲沉积体系主要发育在东部乌东缓坡带,不同时期各沉积体系的平面展布特征具有明显的继承性。