Wall slip and hydrodynamics of two-dimensional journal bearing

In the present paper, based on the limiting shear stress model, a multi-linearity finite element algorithm and quadratic programming technique are used to study the influence of wall slip on the hydrodynamic lubrication performance of a two-dimensional journal bearing (finite length journal bearing). It is found that if the lubricated surfaces are designed as homogeneous slip surfaces, the hydrodynamic force will be decreased. If the shaft surface (rotation) is a slippery surface with very low limiting shear stress, almost no fluid load support can be generated. If the sleeve surface is designed as the homogeneous slip surface, a low fluid load support together with a small friction drag can be obtained. However, if the sleeve surface is designed as an optimized slip surface with a slip zone in the inlet region, a high load support and low friction coefficient can be obtained. Optimization of the shape and the size of the slip zone can give the journal bearing many advanced properties.     

Influence of Wall Slip on the Dynamic Properties of a Rotor-Bearing System

Based on the limiting shear stress model, we used a multi-linearity finite element algorithm and quadratic programming technique to study the influence of wall slip (boundary slip) on the operation stability of a rigid rotor-bearing system. The shaft surface is designed as a no-slip surface. The bearing sleeve surface is designed as three types of surfaces: (a) no slip is allowed (traditional no-slip rotor-bearing system), (b) the entire sleeve surface has the same slip property (the homogeneous slip bearing), and (c) the sleeve surface is optimized to have an optimized slip zone (the optimized slip bearing). It is found that if the sleeve surface has a single slip property, the wall slip generally reduces the system operation stability, as well as the load-carrying capacity. However, if the sleeve surface is designed as the optimized slip surface, the wall slip enhances the system operation stability as well as the load-carrying capacity. Furthermore, the smaller the surface limiting shear stress, the better the dynamic stability and the higher the load-carrying capacity.     

Numerical analysis of spiral oil wedge sleeve bearing including cavitation and wall slip effects

The modified Reynolds equation is established on the basis of critical shear stress model, in which the circumferential and axial wall slip of sleeve and journal surface is considered. Cavitation is treated using modified Elrod algorithm that simplifies the solution of modified Reynolds equation in the full‐film region. The modified Reynolds equations considering wall slip and cavitation effect for two‐dimensional sleeve bearing are established. The results show that wall slip decreases oil film pressure, carrying capacity, friction drag and temperature rise but increases end leakage and cavitation region. The obtained results using the mass‐conserving boundary condition are compared with the Reynolds boundary condition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

滑动轴承二维流场的滑移现象研究

目前对于二维流场及复杂流场的界面滑移分析很少,根据螺旋油楔滑动轴承能使润滑剂产生周向和轴向二维流动的独特的结构特点,考虑周向和轴向两方向的滑移建立基于极限切应力的数学模型,并通过试验和理论对比验证模型的正确性。试验方面运用"目标速度跟踪法"证实了周向和轴向都存在滑移,获知随着供油压力的提高滑移速度有所提高,并且提出轴瓦和轴表面的极限切应力;理论方面运用有限差分法和试验测得的轴瓦和轴表面极限切应力,求解四种状态的广义雷诺方程,发现滑移发生在极限切应力大、间隙小和油膜的封油面区域;考虑界面滑移时,螺旋油楔滑动轴承的承载力和摩擦阻力有所降低;偏心率、螺旋角和转速的变化,影响着承载力和摩擦阻力降低的幅度。     

Boundary slip surface design for high speed water lubricated journal bearings

This paper presents the development of a numerical model for high speed and water lubricated journal bearings with different boundary slip arrangements. The effect of boundary slip and its possible mechanism are analyzed and discussed. The results suggest that a suitable combination of slip/no-slip surfaces on the sleeve of a journal bearing enables improvement of the tribological performance through (i) suppressing the occurrence of cavitation, (ii) enhancing the load bearing capacity, and (iii) reducing the interfacial friction between bearing sleeve and shaft. Such improvement becomes more significant for the bearings with smaller eccentricity ratio, smaller width and larger diameter.     

Ferrofluid lubrication in porous inclined slider bearing with velocity slip

The effects of slip velocity and the material constant in a porous inclined slider bearing lubricated with a ferrofluid were theoretically studied by using Jenkins model. Expressions were obtained for pressure, load capacity, friction on the slider, coefficient of friction and position of the centre of pressure. The increase in slip parameter caused decrease in load capacity as well as friction and increase in the coefficient of friction without altering the centre of pressure much. As the material constant increased, the load capacity decreased, friction and coefficient of friction increased and the position of the centre of pressure shifted slightly towards the inlet of the bearing.     

A Method for Measuring the Intensity of a Line Load Around a Shaft or Tube

The slip flow effect is considered to estimate the load capacity and the dynamic coefficients of an elastically-supported gas foil hearing when the local Knudsen number for the minimum film thickness is greater than 0.01. The compressible Reynolds equation with slip flow conditions is used to evaluate the load capacity. The linearized dynamic coefficient equations are obtained by the perturbation method. Numerical predictions compare the static and dynamic force performances considering slip flow at room-to-high temperate with the performance of elastically-supported foil bearing without slip flow for a range of bearing compliances and bearing numbers. It has been shown that the slip flow effect on the load capacity and the dynamic coefficients at high temperature is significant in the region of low bearing numbers.     

Abnormal behavior of a hydrodynamic lubrication journal bearing caused by wall slip

Reynolds lubrication theory assumes that there is no wall slip on the interfaces between the solids and lubricant. During recent years, however, it is found that wall slip often happens. The present paper analyzes the wall slip occurring in a hydrodynamic lubrication journal bearing. If the two surfaces have the same adhesion property wall slip always decreases the oil film load support capacity. If there is wall slip over all of the lubricated surfaces, the hydrodynamic effect of the journal bearing vanishes, and no load support exists. If the two lubricated surfaces have different adhesion properties, the wall slip effect is more complex and may cause the journal bearing to operate in an instable manner. In order to avoid the wall slip, the limiting shear stress at the bearing surface should be higher than that at the journal surface.     

Numerical investigation of the combined effects of slip and texture on tribological performance of bearing

Slider bearings are used in many applications. An increase in the load support may allow for saving of energy. In this work, in order to enhance the load support and decrease the friction force, a combined textured surface bearing using boundary slip is discussed. A modified Reynolds equation with slip is adopted. With the main goal of evaluating the effects of slip and texture, a parametric analysis is performed. For the given operating conditions, texturing features as well as slip pattern are analysed in detail. The numerical analysis is undertaken under the condition of different gap ratio values and the slip-textured area. The results show that combined techniques of slip and texture have a significant effect on the improvement of the tribological performance of bearing, that is, a high load support but low friction force. The gap ratio of the bearing is shown to have a significant effect on the lubrication behaviour. It is found that even with a smallest gap ratio (parallel gap), a high load support can be produced. However, it is also shown that the gap ratio appears to contribute to the generated friction force and the volume flow rate more than the boundary slip. Further analysis indicates that the optimum slip-text zones for certain gap ratio are highlighted. These findings may provide references for designing hydrodynamic-textured slider bearing considering boundary slip.     

An analytical approach on the tribological behaviour of pocketed slider bearings with boundary slip including cavitation

Slider bearing performance depends on the boundary conditions at the interface between the solid surfaces and the fluid. This paper presents the combined effect of pockets and boundary slip on the load support and friction of parallel sliding systems using analytical solutions for a simple pocketed bearing. The effect of cavitation was of particular interest with respect to the inlet suction mechanism. It was demonstrated that applying boundary slip in a pocketed slider bearing gives a reduction in load support compared with the textured bearing without wall slip. Adding slip over the whole surface could retard the presence of cavitation. The influence of boundary slip is explored, and was found to significantly affect the frictional behaviour. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical investigation of pocketed slip slider bearing with non-Newtonian lubricant

Boundary slip as well as surface texturing is an effective method to improve the tribological performance of lubricated mechanical components. This article analyzes the combined effect of single texturing (pocketing) and wall slip on pressure that strongly related to the load-carrying capacity of slider bearing. The modified Reynolds equation for lubrication with non-Newtonian power-law fluid is proposed. The equation was solved numerically using a finite difference equation obtained by means of the micro-control volume approach. Further, numerical computations for slider bearing with several power-law indexes were compared with the presence of the pocket and slip. The numerical results showed that the characteristic of non-Newtonian is similar to Newtonian fluid with respect to hydrodynamic pressure distribution. The maximum load support is achieved when the pocket depth is equal to the film thickness.     

出油孔对螺旋油楔动静压滑动轴承性能的影响

针对当前制约动静压滑动轴承应用的温升问题,在对一种螺旋油腔动静压滑动轴承的动静态特性分析的基础上,设计了相应的实验装置,采用理论和实验的方法研究了轴承的出油孔对轴承静动态性能的影响。理论和实验结果均表明,出油孔的存在对油膜的压力分布仅有较小的影响,对承载力及动态性能的影响甚微,但却会大幅度增加轴承的出油量,通过出油孔流出轴承的润滑油量大约为端泄流量的十几倍,即通过出油孔能更多地带走摩擦产生的热量,更有利于轴承的温升降低。在需要降低轴承温升的应用中,在油腔中适当添加出油孔,并合理布置进出油孔的位置,可以实现对性能影响较小的情况下,大幅度降低轴承的温升。     

考虑疲劳故障的圆柱滚子轴承打滑失效分析

考虑滚道疲劳剥落故障、滚动体与保持架之间的非连续接触等因素,建立圆柱滚子轴承的非线性弹性接触显式动力学模型,研究不同剥落故障位置、径向载荷、内圈转速对滚动体和保持架打滑特性的影响规律;将仿真结果与理论解进行对比,验证有限元模型的有效性。研究结果表明:滚动体在非承载区更容易出现打滑;相同工况下剥落故障会使得滚动体和保持架的打滑率大幅增加,其中复合故障下的打滑率增加最多,内圈故障和外圈故障下的打滑率增幅基本相同;增大径向载荷能有效减轻轴承的打滑现象,但载荷增加到一定程度后对打滑的抑制效果不明显;低转速工况下内圈和外圈疲劳故障对轴承打滑率的影响不大,随着转速的提高疲劳故障对打滑率的影响愈加明显。     

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of a porous metal bearing

To improve the tribological behaviour of porous bearings a new type of self-lubricated porous metal bearing is introduced with special non-uniform distribution of permeability. It has been manufactured using a practical production process, its local permeability varying regularly along its circumference. Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation show that: the new bearing has lower friction and higher load capacity than that of ordinary porous bearings, and there is no initial temperature rise and friction increase with the new bearing. The limiting pV(tested) value of the new bearing is about 200% that of an ordinary porous bearing. Considering non-uniform permeability and the effects of curvature, cavitation and velocity slip, a modified Reynolds equation for the oil film and lubrication equation for the porous matrix are derived. A numerical solution for the equations is obtained. Some aspects of the lubrication mechanism in porous bearings and ways of improving load capacity are also discussed.     

惯性和滑移对弹性金属塑料轴承的影响研究

从连续性方程和Navier-Stokes方程出发,推导出在圆柱坐标系中考虑了界面滑移和流体惯性影响的雷诺方程。通过数值计算,考察了界面滑移和流体惯性对弹性金属塑料径向滑动轴承水膜压力和承载能力的影响程度。计算结果表明：界面滑移将降低水膜压力和承载能力,流体惯性力的存在略微增大了水膜压力和承载能力;随偏心率的增大,界面滑移对水膜压力和承载能力的影响程度增大。
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镶嵌式复合径向滑动轴承的实验研究

对镶嵌式径向滑动轴承进行了实验研究,通过摩擦磨损实验进行了选材,提出了加工该型轴承的制造工艺,并采用台架试验测试了制得的几种镶嵌式径向滑动轴承的承载能力。结果表明：镶嵌式径向滑动轴承的承载能力比普通径向滑动轴承有较大的提高,其中镶嵌PTFE高分子材料的轴承,因PTFE材料能在其对偶件表面形成较为完全的转移膜,改善了轴承润滑性能,使轴承具有较高的承载能力。     

The influence of sleeve surface roughness on the load-carrying capacity of journal bearings in a magnetic field

The influence of bearing sleeve roughness on the pressure distribution, temperature distribution and load-carrying capacity of a journal bearing in a magnetic field is discussed.The magnetic field increases the load-carrying capacity of the bearing with a smooth sleeve to a greater extent than it increases that of the bearing with a rough sleeve.     

重型车辆织构化刹车系统热力学行为与摩擦学性能研究

重型车辆刹车系统受瞬态高温和雨水异常侵入的影响,易引起热力学行为与摩擦性能退化。为研究表面织构对刹车系统热力学行为和摩擦学特性的影响,基于有限元法开展刹车系统热力学分析,考虑大量雨水侵入的液体润滑极端情况,提出一种动压润滑与织构集成模型的摩擦学性能分析方法。结果表明：水平凹槽织构可使制动盘温度场及应力场分布较均匀,进而避免接触区域局部瞬态高温引起的车辆制动失效;随着凹槽织构倾斜角度增大,承载力增大,摩擦因数减小;不同组合型织构中,圆柱与椭球组合型织构表面承载力最大、摩擦因数最小,圆锥与椭球组合型织构表面承载力最小、摩擦因数最大。研究发现重型车辆刹车系统表面构筑合适倾斜角度凹槽织构和组合型织构有助于提升其工作性能。     

考虑支点偏置的多孔质可倾瓦轴承静态特性分析

为探究瓦块支点偏置对多孔质可倾瓦轴承静态性能的影响,建立多孔质可倾瓦轴承的热混合润滑模型,应用Fluent软件分析轴承静态特性;采用网格迭代算法和瓦块运动UDF对轴承各瓦块沿枢轴运动及摆动进行模拟,研究偏心率、转子转速、供气压力及枢轴支点偏置对轴承负载能力、质量泄漏量、摩擦扭矩和温升的影响。结果表明：增加轴承支点偏置可提高轴承承载力,特别是在高偏心率、高转速、低供气压力条件下,承载力提高更为明显;在偏心率和转速相同时,适当的支点偏置可显著降低轴承对气体的消耗：但支点偏置会增加摩擦力矩,使转子温度升高,应合理选择支点偏置避免温升对轴承的不利影响。研究结果为多孔质可倾瓦轴承的优化设计提供了参考。     

角接触球轴承的温度场分析

研究轴承的发热、传热过程,可为轴承动态油膜的热失稳研究提供理论支持。建立滚动轴承油气或油雾润滑下的热节点传热模型,利用热网络法建立温度场计算模型,并考虑轴承转速、载荷、离心力和自旋对温升的影响,计算出各节点的温度。结果表明,角接触球轴承的热生成与轴承转速、载荷、离心力和自旋有关,转速越高,载荷越大,则轴承的温升越高;随着转速增大,离心力和自旋对温升的影响增大,尤其高速情况下,离心力和自旋对轴承温升的影响不可忽略。