尼龙11/POE共混物的形态与力学性能

采用动态力学分析(DMTA)和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了相容剂乙烯辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐聚合物(POE-g-MAH)对尼龙11(PA11)共混体系力学性能及共混物形态的影响。结果表明,混合弹性体中m(POE-g-MAH)/m(POE)=2∶1时,PA11共混物的缺口冲击强度达到81.2 kJ/m2;共混物缺口冲击强度对MAH接枝率敏感;加入混合弹性体,共混体系分子间的作用力增大,损耗峰向高温方向移动,Tg升高;PA11与POE各个共混体系的β松弛峰高显著低于纯PA11的,加入POE和POE-g-MAH可有效降低PA11的吸水性;POE-g-MAH可显著改善PA11/POE共混材料的相容性,使分散相尺寸减小,分布均匀,且材料缺口冲击强度显著增大。     

POE-g-MAH对尼龙6的增韧改性

采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)对两种尼龙6树脂增韧改性,制备了不同增韧剂含量的增韧尼龙6材料。通过力学性能测试和SEM研究了增韧剂质量分数对其力学性能的影响,观察了POE-g-MAH/尼龙6复合材料冲击断面形貌。结果表明,随着增韧剂含量的增加,尼龙6的韧性显著提高,强度下降;且随着增韧剂的增多,在尼龙基体中形成有效的增韧剂聚集相起到改善韧性的作用;在两种流动性差异较大的尼龙6基体中,POE-g-MAH均表现优异的增韧效果。     

相容性对PA66/POE共混材料形态、微结构及力学性能的影响

采用SEM、TEM、DSC及材料力学性能实验方法研究了马来酸酐 ( MAH ) 接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体 ( POE ) 对PA66/POE共混材料形态、微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:热引发官能化POE产物 ( POE-g-MAH ) 可显著改善PA66/POE共混材料的相容性,使材料分散相尺寸减小,分布均匀,且材料缺口冲击强度显著增大。实验发现,PA66/POE-g-MAH共混材料分散相的弹性体颗粒内部存在较多份量的有序结构,材料中的分散相颗粒具有明显促进结晶的作用,此作用引起PA66基体结晶温度增加,结晶度增大,并在分散相质量分数为15% 的脆韧转变条件下,达到极大值。试样熔体的冷却速率越快,则此种促进结晶的作用就越明显。      

HDPE/PA6共混阻隔材料的制备及研究

采用熔融挤出法制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)与马来酸酐(MAH)的接枝物(HDPE-g-MAH),并用红外光谱证实了接枝反应。以此接枝物为相容剂制备HDPE/PA6共混材料。研究了PA6和相容剂用量对共混材料形态结构、力学性能及阻气性能的影响。SEM表明相容剂可以明显改善HDPE与PA6的相容性。PA6的加入显著提高了HDPE对氧气的阻隔性能。     

吹膜工艺对EVOH/纳米SiO2复合材料结构及性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）/纳米SiO2复合材料,用不同的吹膜工艺对复合材料进行吹膜。通过偏光显微镜（POM）、差示扫描量热分析仪（DSC）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）测试对比了不同吹膜工艺制备的复合材料的结晶行为,并对复合材料的力学性能、阻隔性能和透明性进行了表征。研究发现,不同吹膜工艺改变了EV...     

PP对PBT/POE-g-MAH共混体系相形态和力学性能的影响

将聚丙烯(PP)与官能化聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-M AH)共混,制备出4种新型增韧改性剂,研究了PP的含量和种类对PBT/POE-g-M AH共混体系相形态和力学性能的影响。SEM观察发现,新型增韧改性剂作为分散相具有以POE-g-M AH为软壳、PP为硬核的包藏结构。随着高熔体流动指数PP(EPF 30R)含量的增加,软壳层厚度逐渐减小,包藏结构分散相的相畴尺寸略有减小,分布更加均匀。但添加低熔体流动指数PP(EPS30R)后,包藏结构分散相的相畴尺寸变大,分布不均匀。力学性能测试表明,适量高熔体流动指数PP与POE-g-M AH并用具有显著的协同增韧作用。与PBT/POE-g-M AH体系相比,在相同的增韧剂总用量时,共混物在保持超高韧性的同时,拉伸强度损失最小。     

Preparation of the HIPS/MA graft copolymer and its compatibilization in PA6/HIPS blends

The graft copolymer of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) grafted with malice anhydride (MA) (HIPS-g-MA) was prepared with melt mixing in the presence of a free-radical initiator. The grafting reaction was confirmed by IR analyses and the amount of MA grafted on HIPS was evaluated by a titration method. 1–5 wt% of MA can be grafted on HIPS. HIPS-g-MA is miscible with HIPS. Its anhydride group can react with the PA6 during melt mixing the two components. The compatibility of HIPS-g-MA in the HIPS/PA6 blends was evident. Evidence of reactions in the blends was confirmed in the morphology and mechanical properties of the blends. A significant reduction in domain size was observed because of the compatibilization of HIPS-g-MA in the blends of HIPS and PA6. The tensile mechanical properties of the prepared blends were investigated and the fracture surfaces of the blends were examined by means of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The improved adhesion in a 16%HIPS/75%PA6 blend with 9%HIPS-g-MA copolymer was detected. The morphology of fibrillar ligaments formed by PA6 connecting HIPS particles was observed.     

动态保压注射成型中POE-g-MAH 对PA1010-PP 共混物的增容作用

以马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)作为增容剂, 采用熔体共混的方法制备了PA1010-PP共混物, 通过扫描电镜(SEM)、 力学性能和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试, 研究了动态保压注射成型中POE-g-MAH对PA1010-PP共混物的增容作用。力学性能测试结果表明, 在注射成型过程中施加剪切应力, 明显提高了共混物的拉伸和冲击性能。SEM结果表明, 剪切诱导制品产生多层次结构, 而且分散相相区尺寸显著减小, 分散更趋均匀, 相界面更加模糊。DSC结果表明, 剪切应力作用下, 当POE-g-MAH的质量分数达到15%时, PP出现2个结晶峰, 即出现异相成核结晶和均相成核结晶, PP均相成核结晶的出现从另一个方面表明动态试样中分散相PP尺寸小于静态试样。剪切应力作用下增容作用的提高归因于剪切应力作用下独特相形态的形成。      

紫外辐照对EVOH/纳米SiO2复合材料性能的影响

用硅烷偶联剂y-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）对纳米SiO2进行改性,采用熔融共混法制备了合SiO2的质量分数为5％的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）／纳米SiO2复合材料,并吹塑成薄膜,将复合膜进行不同时间、不同强度的紫外辐照处理。利用FTIR、TEM、SEM对纳米SiO2和复合材料进行了表征分析,测试了复合材料紫外辐照处理前后的阻隔性能和力学性能。结果表明：纳米SiO2与偶联剂KH550形成化学键合,经紫外辐照处理的EVOH／纳米SiO2复合膜的力学性能、阻隔性能得到了较大地提高。     

尼龙6/聚乳酸共混物的结构及性能

采用熔融共混法制备了尼龙6/聚乳酸(PA6/PLA)共混物,探索性研究了聚乳酸(PLA)部分替代尼龙6(PA6)的可行性。通过力学性能测试、扫描电镜(SEM)形态观察和热稳定性分析,研究了共混物的性能。研究结果表明,当PLA的含量不超过30%时,PA6/PLA共混物的拉伸强度在纯PA6拉伸强度的96%以上,拉伸模量是纯PA6的1.16～1.6倍;维卡软化点在173℃以上,热稳定性良好;形态观察发现共混物中PA6和PLA两相界面结合紧密,具有良好的相容性。而当PLA的含量超过40%时,PA6/PLA共混物的拉伸强度和热稳定性明显降低。     

紫外线辐照HDPE与尼龙－6共混材料结构与力学性能的研究

研究了紫外线辐照ＨＤＰＥ与ＰＡ６共混材料的微观形态、结晶结构、熔融行为及力学性能。ＳＥＭ、ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ结果表明，随紫外线辐照时间的增加，共混物中ＰＡ６的粒径减小，与基体作用加强，ＨＤＰＥ晶面间距增大，熔点、结晶度降低，熔程变窄。力学性能测试结果表明，紫外线辐照能明显提高共混材料（ｕＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６：９０／１０）的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、拉伸断裂能和冲击强度。当辐照时间超过１４４ｈ由于ＨＤＰＥ热稳定性明显降低，共混过程中ＨＤＰＥ热降解严重，共混物的韧性突降。     

Compatibilizing effect of maleated polypropylene on the mechanical properties of injection molded polypropylene/polyamide 6/functionalized-TiO2 nanocomposites

TiO₂ nanoparticles were pretreated with excessive toluene-2,4-diisocyanate to synthesize TDI-functionalized TiO₂ (TiO₂-NCO), and then the polypropylene/polyamide 6/(PP/PA6, 70/30 wt%) blends containing 3 phr of the TDI-functionalized TiO₂ were prepared using twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. Maleated polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) was used to compatibilize the blends. The mechanical properties of PP/PA6 blends based nanocomposites were studied through tensile and flexural tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to assess the fracture surface morphology and the dispersion of the TDI-functionalized TiO₂, respectively. The dynamic mechanical properties of PP/PA6 based nanocomposites were analyzed by using dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). The strength and stiffness of the PP/PA6 compounds were improved significantly in the presence of PP-g-MAH. This has been attributed to the synergistic effect of TDI-functionalized TiO₂ and PP-g-MAH. The PP-g-MAH compatibilized PP/PA6 compounds showed a homogeneous morphology supporting the compatibility improvement between PP, PA6 and TDI-functionalized TiO₂. TEM results revealed that the TDI-functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles were exfoliated and uniformly dispersed in blends matrix. Possible chemical interactions between PP, PA6, TDI-functionalized TiO₂ and PP-g-MAH were proposed based on the experimental work.     

废旧轮胎粉/POE-g-MAH复合改性 PA6的制备与性能研究

以PA6为基体、废旧轮胎粉与POE-g-MAH为复合增韧剂,采用双螺杆挤出机,制备了废旧轮胎粉/POE-g-MAH/PA6复合材料,研究了复合增韧剂含量对复合材料力学性能、熔融与结晶行为、晶体结构、热性能以及微观形貌等的影响.结果表明,复合材料的冲击强度和断裂伸长率随复合增韧剂含量的增加而显著提高,而拉伸强度和弯曲强度则正好相反;DSC、XRD和TGA结果表明,复合增韧剂的加入,提高了PA6基体的结晶速率,却降低了其结晶度、晶体结构的完整性和耐热性能.     

EVA-g-MAH对PA6/EVA共混合金原位反应增容作用的研究

用乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）对尼龙６（ＰＡ６）进行增韧,加入乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物与马来酸酐的接枝物（ＥＶＡ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）进行原位反应增容,在反应型双螺杆挤出机上实现反应增容共混过程,制备出了具有超韧性的ＰＡ６／ＥＶＡ／ＥＶＡ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ三元共混合金。探讨了ＥＶＡ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ对ＰＡ６／ＥＶＡ的原位反应及增容机理,用倍高扫描电镜考察了合金材料的亚微相态。结果表明,ＥＶＡ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ的加入使合金     

PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物在缺口冲击与缺口拉伸实验中的脆韧转变

用缺口冲击和缺口拉伸实验研究PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物的脆韧转变。结果显示,POE-g-MAH含量对共混物脆韧转变的影响主要是POE-g-MAH含量对裂尖局部应变速率的影响。在缺口冲击和缺口拉伸实验中,随着POE-g-MAH含量增加,裂尖附近参与变形的范围增大,导致局部应变速率降低。当局部应变速率降低至某临界值时,材料的断裂发生脆韧转变。在缺口拉伸实验中,随着拉伸速度增加,PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物发生脆韧转变的POE-g-MAH含量增加。这可能是拉伸速度与POE-g-MAH含量对PA6/POE-g-MAH共混物裂尖局部应变速率共同影响的结果。     

Structural-mechanical relationship of epoxy compatibilized polyamide 6/polycarbonate blends

Polyamide 6 (PA6)/polycarbonate (PC) blends compatibilized with solid epoxy resin (bisphenol type-A) were prepared by extrusion followed by injection molding. The effects of epoxy resin on the microstructure, tensile, impact and compatibility of the PA6/PC blends were investigated. The results showed that both the tensile modulus and elongation at break of PA6/PC blends were inferior as compared to their parent polymers. This resulted from incompatibility between the PA6 and PC phases. SEM observation revealed that the introduction of 0.5 part per hundred (phr) epoxy resin into the PA6/PC75/25 blend yields a finer dispersion of PC phase in PA6 matrix. The boundaries between the PC domains and PA6 matrix became obscure with the incorporation of 1 phr epoxy resin. Such an improvement in compatibility was suggested to be resulted from the formation of in situ epoxy bridged PA6-PC block copolymer in the blend during compounding. Consequently, the tensile modulus, yield strength and impact strength of the PA6/PC 75/25 blend improved considerably with increasing epoxy content.     

PP/PA1010共混物的形态结构及力学性能的研究

利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和力学测试等方法, 甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯熔融接枝聚丙烯ＰＰ－ｇ－ＧＭＡ对不同组成的ＰＰ／ＰＡ１０１０共混物形态结构和力学性能的影响。     

废弃LDPE / PA6 / LLDPE 复合膜回收再生的研究

以废弃缓冲空气垫( LDPE/ PA6/ LLDPE) 复合薄膜为基体材料,低密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐( LDPE-g-MAH)为相容剂,通过混合、挤出、吹塑工艺制备了LDPE/ PA6/ LLDPE 再生共混材料,并对相容剂添加量(质量分数)分别为3%,8%,12%,16%时再生共混材料的力学性能、阻隔性能、熔体流动性能和微观形态结构进行了测试与分析。结果表明,LDPE-g-MAH 的加入明显改善了尼龙和聚乙烯共混两相的界面相容性;相容剂添加量为3% ~8%的再生共混材料的阻隔性能较好,相容剂添加量为8% ~16% 的共混合金的力学性能得到了显著提高。     

Effect of the processing method on the mechanical properties and morphology of compatibilized PA6/LDPE blends

In this work, the effect of the processing method on the mechanical properties and morphology of compatibilized PA6/LDPE blends was investigated. The blends were prepared by two processing methods: Injection and Extrusion followed by Injection. The compatibilizers used were polyethylene grafted with acrylic acid (PEgAA) and polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PEgMA). The results showed that in both processing methods the impact strength and elongation at break of the compatibilized blends were greater than those of the uncompatibilized ones. For the blends prepared by injection, the impact strength of PA6/PEgMA/LDPE blend was greater than that of PA6/PEgAA/LDPE blend. For the blends prepared by extrusion followed by injection, the impact strength of the PA6/PEgAA/LDPE blend was greater than that of PA6/PEgMA/LDPE blend. SEM analysis showed that the morphology of the PA6/PEgAA/LDPE blend prepared by extrusion followed by injection was more stable than that of the same blend prepared only by injection.     

增容剂对PVC/PA6共混物性能的影响

分别以乙烯醋酸乙烯酯接枝马来酸酐(EVA-g-MAH)、丙烯晴-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物接枝马来酸酐(ABS-g-MAH)及聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PE-g-MAH)三种聚合物为增容剂制备了聚氯乙烯/聚酰胺6(PVC/PA6)共混物,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、动态力学分析(DMA)及力学性能测试研究了相容剂对PVC/PA6(80/20)的相形态结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,三种相容剂对PVC/PA6都具有明显的增容作用,但5%EVA-g-MAH增容PVC/PA6(80/20)的分散相尺寸最小最均匀;三种增容剂增容的PVC/PA6共混物都只有一个玻璃化转变温度(Tg),但EVA-g-MAH增容共混物的Tg略向高温偏移;力学性能测试结果显示,5%的EVA-g-MAH增容的PVC/PA6共混物的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高了18%和200%,达到了3.8kJ/m2和46MPa。