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1.
Chiroptical luminescence and circular dichroism measurements are reported for single crystals of Ho 2Ge 2O 7. These crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4,2,2 (or P4 32 12) with Z=4. Each Ho 3+ ion in the crystal structure is coordinated to seven oxygens to form a distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The Ho 3+ ions exhibit luminescence from several excited multiplet levels; chiroptical luminescence spectra are reported for 6I 8 → 6F 6, 6S 2, and 6F 3 at a sample temperature of 10 K. Room-temperature absorption and circular dichroism measurements are reported for the 6I 8 → 6F 6, 5S 2, 6F 4, and 6F 3 transition regions. 相似文献
2.
The formation of cation solid solution in the (La 1−xGd x)OCl:Eu 3+ (0≤ xGd≤1; ΔxGd=0.1) series was studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The luminescence from the 5D 0–2 to the 7F 0–4 levels of the Eu 3+ ion in the (La 1−xGd x)OCl series was recorded at 77 K by using argon ion laser excitation (457.9 nm). The interpretation of the spectra according to the C 4v site symmetry of the Eu 3+ ion in the tetragonal PbFCl-type structure yielded nearly complete sets (18 to 19 levels) for the 7F 0–4 levels. Simulations of the Stark level schemes were carried out with the aid of a phenomenological c.f. theory utilizing the five non-zero c.f. Bqk parameters ( B02, B04, B44, B06 and B46) allowed for the C 4v site symmetry. By using the calculated c.f. parameter sets a quantitative measure was obtained to monitor the formation of cation solid solutions. The strength of the c.f. effect was estimated with the c.f. strength parameters S and Sk ( k=2, 4 and 6). The c.f. parameter sets reproduced the experimental 7F J ( J=0–4) energy level schemes with the rms deviations between 4 and 11 cm −1. The individual parameters as well as the c.f. strength parameters were found to evolve in a smooth manner indicating complete solid solubility in the (La 1−xGd x)OCl series. Some local distortions from the C 4v symmetry — probably of long range—leading to the splitting of the 7F 1 doubly degenerate E level were observed, however. 相似文献
3.
The energy-transfer mechanisms and frequency upconversion emissions in 0.5Er 3+/ xHo 3+ co-doped tellurite glasses by exciting at 980 nm have been investigated. Three intense upconversion luminescence emissions are observed at around 525, 548, and 660 nm, which correspond to Er 3+: 2H 11/2 → 4I 15/2, Er 3+: 4S 3/2 → 4I 15/2 + Ho 3+: 5S 2( 5F 4) → 5I 8, and Er 3+: 4F 9/2 → 4I 15/2 + Ho 3+: 5F 5 → 5I 8 transitions, respectively. The upconversion emissions reach the maximum values when Ho 2O 3 is 0.5 mol%, and the intensities of the green and red light emissions were about 4.5 and 6 times stronger than those un-doped Ho 2O 3, respectively. The possible upconversion mechanisms and energy transfer between Er 3+ and Ho 3+ were also estimated and evaluated. All the three emissions are based on two photon absorption processes. 相似文献
4.
The spectroscopic behaviour of the Nd 3+ and Yb 3+ doped alkaline metal yttrium double phosphates, M 3Y 1−xLn x(PO 4) 2 (M=Na, Rb; x=0.01–0.3) were studied for both powder and single crystal samples. The high resolution absorption and emission spectra were measured in the visible and IR regions. Spectral changes with the Nd 3+ and Yb 3+ concentration were interpreted. The absorption strengths of the 4f–4f transitions were analysed and used to assess the structural modifications of the two double phosphates. Based on the 4 K absorption spectra the number of metal sites occupied by the dopants was investigated. Strong emission from Na3Y1−xNdx(PO4)2 involving the 4F3/2→4I9/2,4I11/2,4I13/2,4I15/2 transitions were observed whereas the corresponding emission from the rubidium phosphate was presumably quenched by multiphonon processes due to the water molecules absorbed in the channel-like structure. The IR spectra were used to assign the vibronic components of the electronic transitions. The Yb3+ emission bands were broadened depending on the Yb3+ concentration (1–10 mol%). The tentative energy level scheme of the ground and excited 2FJ (J=7/2, 5/2) levels was described. 相似文献
5.
An analysis of the red to ultraviolet wavelength upconversion in Ho 3+ in SrLaGa 3O 7 and SrLaGaO 4 crystals is given. Upconverted, ultraviolet emission from the 3D 3 level under cw 647 nm excitation at room temperature was observed. Excitation of the 5F 5 level, corresponding to the 5I 8→ 5F 5 transition, leads to intense emission from the 5I 7, 5I 6, 5F 5, 5S 2, 5F 3, 3G 5 and 3D 3 levels. Based on the energy level diagram of Ho 3+, the pump intensity dependencies and experimental time dependencies of the observed emissions, an excitation scheme is proposed. 相似文献
6.
Praseodymium dicarboxylate, [Pr(H 2O)] 2[O 2C(CH 2) 3CO 2] 3.4H 2O]–glutarate, Pr[glut], is synthesized by hydrothermal techniques. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15). The rare earth cation is coordinated by nine oxygen atoms, eight oxygen atoms from the carboxylate groups and one from the water molecule. The local symmetry of Pr site is low, C s. The absorption spectra of Pr[glut] are recorded from the visible to the far IR domain at 300, 77 and 9 K. Under various Ar + laser excitations no emission is detected from 3P 0 and 1D 2 excited levels of Pr 3+ ion. In the low temperature absorption spectra only one electronic line is recorded for 3H 4→ 3P 0 transition. It confirms a unique local environment for the rare earth ion in Pr[glut]. The utility of the ‘barycenter curves’ in the attribution of electronic lines is demonstrated. Energy level scheme of 36 Stark components is deduced from the absorption spectra. The parametric calculation was performed on the whole 4f 2 (Pr 3+) configuration with the starting set of crystal field parameters obtained previously for the Eu 3+ ion in the isostructural compound. Eight free ion and nine phenomenological crystal field parameters in C 2v symmetry reproduce quite well several electronic levels of Pr 3+ ion experimentally observed in Pr[glut]. A good r.m.s. standard deviation of 14.8 cm −1 is obtained. 相似文献
7.
Absorption spectra have been studied in 190–3100 nm region at various temperatures from 16 to 292 K for Yb 3+-doped and Yb 3+/Nd 3+-, Yb 3+/Er 3+- and Yb 3+/Pr 3+-co-doped LiNbO 3 single crystals before and after γ-irradiation with a dose of 10 5–10 7 Gy. Intense 400 and 500 nm absorption bands were observed after γ-irradiation, which are due to the creation of oxygen vacancy (F-type color center) and Nb 4+ polaron, respectively. Different change was observed in the 2870 nm OH − absorption band intensity among the various rare-earth doped crystals. These are interpreted by discrepancy of ionic radii between substituting rare earth dopant ion and Li + or Nb 5+ host ion. The observed temperature dependence of the hot bands is understood by electronic transition from the thermally populated 2F 7/2 Stark levels to the excited 2F 5/2 level. The position of the Yb 3+ 2F 7/2→ 2F 5/2 first resonant line was observed to be slightly different among the co-doped crystals. This is due to the perturbation of Yb 3+ by co-doped rare earth ion which is located at the neighborhood of theYb 3+. 相似文献
8.
Oriented single crystals of RFe 3(BO 3) 4, with R=La or Nd, have been studied by Raman spectroscopy. Spectra with the relevant polarization configurations have been recorded in order to obtain the symmetry of the observed phonons. The factor group analysis and the correlation with the free (BO 3) 3− ion are done in order to identify most of the phonons associated with the two different types of (BO 3) 3− ion present in the crystal. The number and symmetries of the optical Raman active modes are 7A 1+19E, among which 4A 1+8E can be assigned as mostly due to (BO 3) 3− vibrations. 7A 1+18E modes were observed. The highest energy peaks have been assigned to the regular planar (BO3)3− and to the three irregular (BO3)3− groups. The two lowest energy peaks of A1 symmetry (around 180 and 300 cm−1) are very probably related to the BO3 rotatory mode and to Fe displacements. R ions do not participate in A1 symmetry modes. The E mode around 90 cm−1 (the lowest frequency mode) is probably due to the R ions which have the longest bonds and are the heaviest ions. 相似文献
9.
Optical absorption, fluorescence and decay curves for the 4F 3/2 level of Nd 3+ ions in phosphate (P 2O 5–K 2O–SrO–Al 2O 3) and fluorophosphate (P 2O 5–K 2O–SrO–Al 2O 3–AlF 3 and P 2O 5–K 2O–SrO–Al 2O 3–BaF 2) glasses doped with three concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mol%) of Nd 3+ ions have been investigated. The Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory has been applied to the absorption spectra of 1.0 mol% Nd 3+-doped glasses to derive JO intensity parameters which are in turn used to calculate the radiative properties of the Nd 3+ ion fluorescent levels. The assigned energy level data of Nd 3+ (4f 3) ions are analysed in terms of a parametrized free-ion Hamiltonian model that consists of 20 interaction parameters of atomic nature. The stimulated emission cross section and branching ratios have been calculated using the emission spectra. The relatively higher branching ratio for 4F 3/2 → 4I 11/2 transition shows the suitability of these glasses for laser application. It is interesting to note that the measured decay curves of the 4F 3/2 level remain nearly single exponential even for higher Nd 3+ ion concentration but with shortening of lifetime. 相似文献
10.
This paper reports the spectroscopic properties of cerium- and praseodymium-doped alkali metal yttrium double phosphates, M 3Y(PO 4) 2:Pr 3+, Ce 3+; M = Na, Rb. These phosphates were obtained by a solid state reaction between lanthanide phosphate hydrates and M 3PO 4. The absorption, reflection, emission and excitation spectra were measured at room temperature, 77 and 4 K in the IR-vis-ultraviolet (UV) range. For both the Ce 3+- and Pr 3+-doped double phosphates, the 4f N↔4f N−15d transitions were detected. For the Pr 3+-doped double phosphates, the 4f–4f transitions from the 3H 4 ground manifold were analyzed. The low temperature 3H 4→ 3P 0 absorption spectra were used to characterize the structural modifications between the sodium and rubidium salts. For the Ce 3+-doped double phosphate, the strong blue 5d 1→4f 1 emission band splits into two components due to the 2F 5/2− 2F 7/2 splitting of the 4f 1 configuration. Intense emission occurs mainly from the 3P 0 level at high dopant concentrations, since the 1D 2 emission is strongly quenched but was detected at the 2 mol% doping level. In spite of the forbidden 4f–4f character, the 3P 0 transitions have very short decay times, of the order of one μs. Dynamics of the excited states will be discussed based on the decay times and selective excited emission. 相似文献
11.
Near-infrared (NIR) laser excitation into the Yb 3+ 2F 7/2→ 2F 5/2 absorption transition around 10,200 cm −1 at 12 K leads to red and green upconversion emission in MnCl 2:Yb 3+ and Zn 2SiO 4:Yb 3+; Mn 2+, respectively. The photon upconversion (UC) emission is centered around 15,240 cm −1 for MnCl 2:Yb 3+ and around 19,050 cm −1 for Zn 2SiO 4:Yb 3+; Mn 2+ and is ascribed to the Mn 2+ 4T 1→ 6A 1 transition in both compounds. The shift of the Mn 2+ emission energy is due to the different coordination and ligand strength. Pulsed measurements indicate a sequence of ground-state absorption (GSA) and excited-state absorption (ESA) steps for the upconversion process. We conclude that the UC process in both compounds occurs by an exchange mechanism involving Yb 3+ and Mn 2+ ions. Zn 2SiO 4:Yb 3+; Mn 2+ is the first example of a Yb 3+–Mn 2+ upconversion system to show visible (VIS) by eye Mn 2+ UC emission at room temperature. 相似文献
12.
In the present work, the spectroscopic and magnetic properties of heteronuclear Cu:Pr squarate are reported. Single crystals of [Pr 2Cu(C 4O 4) 4(H 2O) 16]·2H 2O were obtained by reaction of squaric acid, praseodymium chloride and copper chloride in water solution according to the procedure described earlier. The crystals of title compound are isomorphic with [La 2Cu(C 4O 4) 4(H 2O) 16]·2H 2O crystal, where squarate anions participate as bridging ligands between metal ions. The UV region of absorption spectra of the title compound is dominated by C–T band of Cu(II), f–d transition of Pr(III) and internal π–π*(A1g→Eu) and π–π*(A1g→Eg) ligand transitions. In visible and IR regions, t2g–eg of copper Cu(II) as well as 3H4→3PJ, 1D2, 1G4, 3FJ, 3H6 Pr(III) transitions at 293 and 4 K were recorded. At low temperature splitting given by Jahn–Teller effect can be observed. Significant anisotropy of d–d transitions intensities confirms well the Jahn–Teller effect, too. Unexpectedly high intensity of 3H4→1G4 transition is probably due to the intensity borrowing from the Cu (II) d–d transition. The 3P0 and 1D2 emission of Pr(III) in the [Pr2Cu(C4O4)4(H2O)16]·2H2O crystals is quenched even at 77 K. Whereas emission of appropriate polynuclear europium squarate was detected. The pathways of excited state quenching by eg levels of Cu(II), multhiphonon relaxation and concentration quenching can be considered in the system under studies. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out in 300–1.7 K temperature range and are discussed in relation to the structure. Effect of the polymeric structure on spectroscopic behaviour is presented. Selectivity of polymeric europium squarate in vitro test for different tumor cells is shown. 相似文献
13.
The luminescence properties of Tm 3+ in La 1−χTm χTa 7O 19 solid solutions were examined systematically. The substitution of Tm 3+ for La 3+ was carried out by a decomposition reaction of nitrates involving the corresponding constituents at 1200 °C in air. X-Ray diffraction patterns of the solid solutions indicated that the crystal structure consisted of a network of (La 1−χ3+Tm χstaggered|3+, Ta 5+)—O 2− polyhedra interstratified with a double layer of Ta 5+—O 2− polyhedra. According to the excitation and emission spectra, the most intense emission was found near 460 nm and quenched above χ=0.14 in La 1−χTm χTa 7O 19. Also, lifetime results verified that the emission could be assigned not to the transition 1G 4 å 3H 6, but to the transition 1D 2 å 3H 4. Upon cathode ray excitation some emissions of Tm 3+ were superimposed by a broad emission due to the clusters of Ta 5+—O 2− polyhedra. As a result, a low dimensional arrangement of Tm 3+ was much more preferable for getting intense emission because it reduced the energy migration between Tm 3+ ions. 相似文献
14.
CsCdBr 3 has a quasi-linear crystal structure. It consists of covalently bound [CdBr] 64− chains separated by chains of Cs + ions. The trivalent rare-earth (RE) ions substitute for divalent Cd ions forming predominantly pair centers of the type RE 3+-(Cd vacancy)-RE 3+. A minority of RE ions forms “single-ion” centers with more distant charge compensation. The electronic structure around the band gap is determined by the [CdBr] 64− octahedra. The lowest excitonic states of the lattice are charge-transfer states of these octahedra. At low temperatures they form self-trapped excitons which become mobile around 80 K. In addition we find defect-localized excitons at the RE pairs and single ions with slightly modified spectra. There is a strong energy transfer between the RE ions and the defect-localized excitons in both directions with transition times below 10−8 s. For the cooperative fluorescence transition 1D2×1G4→3H4×3H4 in Pr3+: CsCdBr3 a frequency-modulated vibronic sideband spectrum was found with up to four repetitions of the frequency of the localized optical phonon mode at the ion pair. 相似文献
15.
Absorption, emission, and luminescence excitation spectra of the LiNbO 3 crystal doped with 0.5% Pr 3+ and 0.8% Yb 3+ are presented. Additionally the photoluminescence spectra at high pressure have been measured. Hydrostatic pressures up to 135 kbar were applied with a diamond anvil cell. Absorption of the Pr 3+:LiNbO 3 crystal is characterized by the strong threshold at about 400 nm, related to the band-to band-transitions and the sharp structure in the visible region attributed to the transitions to 3P J and 1D 2 levels of Pr 3+ ion. After the 488 nm excitation the yellow emission related to the 1D 2→ 3H J transition of Pr 3+ have been observed when the 3P 0 emission has not been detected. The excitation spectra of the 1D 2 luminescence consist of the sharp lines related to the 3H 4→ 3P J ( J=0, 1, 2) transitions and two broad bands peaked at 340 and 400 nm related probably to the bound exciton. The 1D 2→ 3H J emission shifts with pressure toward the lower energies with the rate of −2.4 cm −1 kbar −1. Additionally, for higher pressures the 1D 2 emission is considerably quenched. This is explained as being due to the decrease of the energy of the bound exciton with pressure which results in the higher nonradiative depopulation rate of the 1D 2 state. 相似文献
16.
We report the results of structural studies by means of Eu 3+ fluorescence line narrowing techniques in the binary systems PbF 2-GeO 2 and PbF 2-SiO 2. Several features characteristic of the europium fluorescence in lead glasses are put forward. The absence of selectively excited emission at room temperature demonstrates an unusually large homogeneous broadening of the electronic levels. A relative increase in the 5D 0 → 7F 1 (magnetic dipole) with respect to the 6D 0 → 7F 2 (electric dipole) transition is observed with time-resolved. detection. This effect shows that accidental coincidences of 5D 0 → 7F 0 energies and 7F 1 splitting do occur between europium sites differing only by their 6D 0 lifetimes and magnetic dipole: electric dipolar relative intensities. The general characteristics are interpreted with oxygen neighbours for Eu 3+ rather than fluorine ions. The crystal field strength expressed as Nv = [∑ k,a ( Bgk) 2 × 4π/(2 k + 1)] 1/2 (limited to k=2 parameters) is slightly higher in the germanate than in the silicate matrix. 相似文献
17.
Europium doped phosphors Ca 3La 3(BO 3) 5 were first synthesized by a sol–gel process technique. The reaction temperature of the sol–gel process was 300 °C lower than that of the solid-state reaction and the reaction time of the sol–gel process was shorter. The photoluminescence properties of Eu 3+ doped Ca 3La 3(BO 3) 5 indicated that the phosphors exhibited a strong luminescence of 5D 0– 7F 2 transition at 612 nm under the excitation at 237 nm. The emission intensity of the phosphors prepared by the sol–gel process was higher than those prepared by the solid-state reaction. The relationship between optical properties and morphologies were studied. In particular, Li + ion doping effectively enhanced the luminescent properties of the Eu 3+ doped Ca 3La 3(BO 3) 5 phosphors. The highest brightness was observed in the phosphor Ca 3La 2.82Eu 0.1Li 0.08B 5O 15−δ prepared by the sol–gel process. 相似文献
18.
IR and Raman spectra of Rb 4Re 6S 13Rb 4[Re 6S 8]S 2/2(S 2) 4/2 and Cs 4Re 6S 13,5Cs 4[Re 6S 8]S 2/2(S 2) 3/2(S 3) 1/2 are presented and discussed with respect to the S 2 and S 3 bridging units and the ([Re 6S 8]S 6) clusters. The S---S stretching modes observed (425–480 cm −1), which correlate fairly well with the respective S---S bond lengths, reveal mainly covalent nature of the disulfide groups present. The S 3 group could be identified by the spectra of Cs 4Re 6S 13,5. The bands of the rhenium sulfide units are significantly shifted to higher wavenumbers compared to those of ([Mo 6Cl 8]Cl 6) 2− and [Mo 6S 8] units (Chevrel compounds) despite the larger mass of rhenium. This indicates strong Re---Re and Re---S bonding. ZusammenfassungDie IR- und Raman-Spektren von Rb4Re6S13Rb4[Re6S8]S2/2(S2)4/2 und Cs4Re6S13,5Cs4[Re6S8]S2/2(S2)3/2(S3)1/2 werden mitgeteilt und im Hindblick auf die S2- und S3-Brücken sowie die ([Re6S8]S6)-Baugruppen diskutiert. Die beobachteten S---S-Streckschwingungen (425–480 cm−1) korrelieren mit den zugehörigen S---S-Bindungsabständen und weisen auf weitgehend kovalente Disulfid-Brücken hin. Die Trisulfid-Brücken konnten in den Spektren des Cs4Re6S3,5 nachgewiesen werden. Die Schwingungsbanden der Rhenium-Schwefel-Baueinheiten sind im Vergleich zu denen der ([Mo6Cl8]Cl6)2−- und [Mo6S8]-Einheiten (Chevrel-Phasen) trotz der gröβeren Masse des Rheniums deutlich zu gröβeren Wellenzahlen verschoben. Dies läβt auf sehr starke Re---Re- und Re---S-Bindungen schlieβen. 相似文献
19.
A novel radical cation salt based on of the donor (4,5-ethylenedithio-4′,5′-vinylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (EVT) with the square planar anion Pt(CN) 42− has been synthesized: (EVT) 4·[Pt(CN) 4] (1). According to the X-ray analysis its crystal structure includes EVT cation layers alternating with anion layers along the a-axis of the unit cell. The radical cation layer is formed by EVT stacks with β-packing type, the donors in stacks are tetramerized. The EPR spectra of a plate-like crystal of (EVT) 4·[Pt(CN) 4] salt shows a very weak signal with typical parameters of TTF derivative. The room temperature conductivity of salt 1 is 8×10 −2 Ω −1 cm −1 and the temperature dependence of the conductivity exhibits semiconducting character. 相似文献
20.
Measurements and simulation of the Zeeman effect in NdOCl and 1%Nd 3+:LiYF 4 single crystals were carried out. The rare earth local symmetries are C 4v and D 2d respectively. The isomorphism between these two point groups allows discussion on symmetry assignments. The attention is focused on the 4G 7/2 and 4G 9/2 levels for NdOCl and on the 4F 9/2 and 4G 7/2 levels for Nd 3+:LiYF 4, because they are representative of the general splitting behaviour. We have first revisited the simulation of the energy level scheme in order to deal with confident wave functions. In the experimental magnetic field ( B) range we have obtained linear, non-linear, undefined crossing and anti-crossing levels. These features depend on the orientation of B, on the irreducible representation and on the transition closeness. The line widths have been the main obstacle in confirming crossing regions, because their average values are 8 cm −1 at liquid helium temperature. The simulations were performed by introducing the magnetic Hamiltonian μBB( L+ geS) in the secular determinant before diagonalisation. A magnetic accidental degeneracy is considered when discussing the crossing and anti-crossing cases. 相似文献
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