应用响应面法优化黑曲霉固态发酵稻谷壳产木聚糖酶条件

对黑曲霉产木聚糖酶发酵工艺进行优化研究。在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken实验设计,对黑曲霉发酵稻谷壳产木聚糖酶的最佳碳源及其添加量、培养时间、水的添加量进行优化,建立了木聚糖酶产量随蔗糖添加量、培养时间和水的添加量变化的多项二次回归方程,并得到最佳的发酵工艺条件是:培养时间为78h,水的添加量为57%,蔗糖添加量为1.3g时,木聚糖酶的酶活力可达221.5U/g,比优化前提高了1.76倍,预测模型可靠,可利用该模型对黑曲霉产木聚糖酶的最优发酵条件进行理论预测。      

黑曲霉木聚糖酶（xynZF-2）基因克隆、表达及酶学性质分析

利用RT-PCR技术从黑曲霉（Aspergillusniger）XZ-3S中成功克隆出木聚糖酶基因（xynZF-2）的cDNA序列（Genbank登录号为：JQ700382）。该基因核苷酸序列阅读框全长678bp,编码225个氨基酸,其中成熟肽为107个氨基酸。以重组质粒pUCm-T—xynZF-2为模板,扩增得到编码xynZF－2成熟肽的cDNA片段（624bp）。将其与表达载体pET－28a连接,构建重组表达载体pET－28a—xynZF－2,并转化大肠杆菌（Escherichiacoh）BL21（DE3）,获得重组工程菌BL21／xynZF-2。经IPTG诱导表达,木聚糖酶的的比酶活最高可达42．33U／mg。重组表达的木聚糖酶最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH为5．0,在碱性条件下具有良好的稳定性。Fe^3＋对酶的激活作用最为明显。     

Expression of recombinant Thermomonospora fusca xylanase A in Pichia pastoris and xylooligosaccharides released from xylans by it

The mature peptide of Thermomonospora fusca xylanase A (TfxA) was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of AOX1 promoter. The activity of recombinant T. fusca xylanase A (reTfxA) in culture supernatant was 117.3 ± 2.4 U/mg, which is 3 times higher than that of the native TfxA. The optimal temperature and pH for reTfxA were 60 °C and 6.0, respectively. When treated at 70 °C and pH 6.0 for 2 min, the residual activity of the reTfxA was 70%. The reTfxA was very stable over a wide pH range (5.0–9.0). After incubation over pH 5.0–9.0 at 25 °C for 1 h, all the residual activity of reTfxA was over 80%. The K_m and k_cat values for reTfxA were 2.45 mg/ml and 139 s⁻¹, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed that xylobiose (X2) was the main hydrolysis product released from birchwood xylan and wheat bran insoluble xylan by reTfxA. Hydrolysis results of xylooligosaccharides showed that reTfxA was an endo-acting xylanase and xylobiose, xylotriose (X3), xylotetraose (X4), xylopentaose (X5), and xylohexaose (X6) could be hydrolysed. This is the first report on the expression of reTfxA in yeast and on the determining and quantifying of the hydrolysis products released from xylans and xylooligosaccharides by reTfxA.     

黑曲霉XZ-3S木聚糖酶Xyn ZF-1基因克隆和序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术从黑曲霉XZ-3S中扩增并克隆了木聚糖酶(Xyn ZF-1)基因的cDNA片段,测序结果表明,Xyn ZF-1基因核苷酸序列阅读框全长678bp,编码225个氨基酸,推测分子量为24.06ku,等电点为5.20。以XZ-3S基因组DNA为模板扩增Xyn ZF-1的DNA序列,该序列仅存在一个内含子,长度为68bp。成熟肽基因推导的氨基酸序列与其他微生物来源的木聚糖酶一级结构进行比较,同源性最高达到了89.47%。系统进化树分析该酶属于G/11族糖基水解酶。又进一步对Xyn ZF-1二级结构进行了分析,并通过SWISS-MODEL预测了该酶的三维结构。     

葡萄中碳黑曲霉的分离及其产生赭曲霉毒素A的研究

碳黑曲霉(Aspergillus carbonarius)是葡萄中产生赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)的重要菌株.采集烟台赤霞珠(Cabernet sauvignon)葡萄,接种于孟加拉红培养基,从中分离到7株黑曲霉群(Aspergillus section black group)真菌,其中3株鉴定属于碳黑曲霉种,占黑色曲霉的43.8%.此3菌株分别接种在粮粒培养基上,静置培养,全部产生OTA,最高浓度达到1300μg/kg,而且,其中2株碳黑曲霉菌株在可可浆培养基上产生荧光,而从葡萄样品中未检出OTA.     

黑曲霉产赭曲霉毒素A合成培养基的设计及产毒优化

针对目前没有适合黑曲霉产赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）全合成培养基的现状,进行黑曲霉产OTA合成培养基的设计,并优化高产OTA培养条件,以期为黑曲霉产OTA代谢和产毒机制的研究提供基础。通过碳源、氮源的筛选确定黑曲霉产OTA合成培养基的成分,利用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法检测此培养基在不同时间、pH、温度条件下OTA的产量,确定产OTA最佳培养条件。结果表明,培养基成分为FeSO4·7H2O 0.01 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g/L,Na2HPO4·2H2O 0.5 g/L,KCl 1.0 g/L,葡萄糖100 g/L,苯丙氨酸0.3 g/L。培养条件为初始pH 值为7,培养温度25 ℃,培养时间8 d。在此条件下黑曲霉产OTA产量最高,为4.19 μg/g,菌体生物量为3.4 g。     

黑曲霉发酵法制备米糠粕可溶性膳食纤维工艺优化及其理化分析

以米糠粕为底物,采用黑曲霉对其进行发酵,研究提高米糠粕中可溶性膳食纤维（soluble dietary fiber,SDF）提取率的工艺条件以及发酵前后SDF结构、理化性质的变化。通过单因素试验结合Box-Behnken响应面试验设计,得到最优的发酵条件,并对此条件下制备的SDF性质进行研究。结果表明：最佳发酵时间77?h、发酵温度26?℃、料液比1∶11（g/mL）、pH?5.0、摇床转速150?r/min时,SDF提取率为38.23%,比优化前提高了29.58%。发酵后SDF的膨胀力、持水力及持油力分别提高了84.44%、79.30%和73.25%。扫描电镜观察到发酵后SDF表面结构粗糙、疏松多孔。     

Influence of γ‐irradiation and maize lipids on the production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus flavus

The effect of γ‐irradiation and maize lipids on aflatoxin B₁ production by Aspergillus flavus artificially inoculated into sterilized maize at reduced water activity (a_w 0.84) was investigated. By increasing the irradiation doses the total viable population of A. flavus decreased and the fungus was completely inhibited at 3.0 kGy. The amounts of aflatoxin B₁ were enhanced at irradiation dose levels 1.0 and 1.5 kGy in both full‐fat maize (FM) and defatted maize (DM) media and no aflatoxin B₁ production at 3.0 kGy γ‐irradiation over 45 days of storage was observed. The level in free lipids of FM decreased gradually, whereas free fatty acid values and fungal lipase activity increased markedly by increasing the storage periods. The free fatty acid values decreased by increasing the irradiation dose levels and there was a significant enhancement of fungal lipase activity at doses of 1.0 and 1.50 kGy. The ability of A. flavus to grow at a_w 0.84 and produce aflatoxin B₁ is related to the lipid composition of maize. The enhancement of aflatoxin B₁ at low doses was correlated to the enhancement of fungal lipase activity.     

源自螺旋藻渣枯草芽孢杆菌发酵抗菌肽SP-AP-1和伊枯草菌素对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌机制对比研究

目的:研究枯草芽孢杆菌发酵螺旋藻渣的发酵液中分离出的抗菌肽SP-AP-1和伊枯草菌素对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌机理.方法:采用紫外分光光度法、邻硝基苯-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷法和原子吸收光谱法研究抗菌肽对金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性的影响;采用考马斯亮蓝法、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和琼脂糖凝胶电泳考察抗菌肽对金黄色葡...