花生蛋白酸奶的制作及品质特性研究

添加花生蛋白粉制作酸乳,用物性分析仪及感官评定对酸奶各项指标进行测定,探讨花生蛋白添加量、发酵时间、接种量对酸奶品质的影响,通过正交试验确定最佳条件为：发酵时间5h,花生蛋白添加量为15％或20％,发酵剂的接种量为3％或4％。生产的花生蛋白酸奶,口感温和、风味纯正、质地细腻。     

花生蛋白粉的功能特性及对面粉品质的影响

研究了花生蛋白粉的部分功能特性及添加花生蛋白粉对小麦粉品质的影响。研究表明,花生蛋白粉的吸油性保持在0.8～1.2mL/g,持水性在1.0g/g左右,持水性随pH的上升略有上升。在面粉中添加3%的花生蛋白粉面筋筋力最强,添加量为6%时对缓解面粉的弱化速度效果最好,且温度到90℃时,各种添加量面粉的酶仍然有一点活性。     

花生低温预榨、浸出、低温脱溶制油同时制备脱脂花生蛋白粉工艺研究

将清理分级后的花生仁低温烘干,脱红衣后于65℃以下直接进入低温螺旋榨油机进行预榨,低温花生油经沉淀、精滤即达到压榨一级花生油标准。低温预榨饼经适度破碎并调节水分后进入浸出器,用6#溶剂萃取油脂,湿粕进入热气式搅拌型低温脱溶装置,在小于80℃的温度下低温脱溶,然后进行超微粉碎得到脱脂花生蛋白粉,其蛋白质含量（N×6．25,干基）为60．7％,氮溶解指数（NSI）为68．5％。     

Lipid and protein stability of partially defatted walnut flour (Juglans regia L.) during storage

Partially defatted walnut flour (WF) was stored (25 °C, 800 Lux) for an 8‐month period and evaluated monthly in some protein properties and oil oxidative parameters. Transparent plastic‐laminated (WFPL) and plastic‐laminated, aluminium‐coated (WFAC) packages were used. During the first 3 months, samples were more susceptible to endogenous hydrolysis; an increase in soluble peptide concentration was determined for both WFAC and WFPL. Minor changes between WFAC and WFPL were observed in protein electrophoretic patterns along storage period, but no differences were determined in total protein solubility. However, a progressive reduction in water‐holding capacity (47% from time 0 to month 8) was observed for WFPL. A major effect of packaging material was found on lipid‐quality parameters. Packaging materials’ barrier to light effectively protect WF against polyunsaturated FA degradation and oil oxidation. Lipids from WF stored in plastic‐laminated packages showed decreasing double‐bond index values (from 1.71 at initial time, to 1.45 after 6 months of storage) and increasing oxidation rates along storage test. Aluminium‐coated packages can be used to keep quality of WF for 8 months at room temperature.     

花生蛋白制备和应用研究

花生蛋白是营养价值高、资源丰富的植物蛋白,具有广泛的应用前景。为推进花生蛋白的应用研究,对花生蛋白提取方法、花生蛋白改性方法和花生功能性肽的研究进展进行了概述,并指出急需解决的问题。     

纳米花生蛋白颗粒的制备和性能表征

以花生粕为原料提取花生分离蛋白,利用反溶剂法制备纳米花生蛋白颗粒。采用激光粒度仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示热量扫描(DSC)、热重分析仪等仪器对纳米花生蛋白颗粒表征结构和性质进行分析。结果表明:纳米花生蛋白颗粒的粒径随着乙醇添加量的增加而减小,其粒径分布在100~300 nm之间;SEM图片显示,纳米花生蛋白颗粒呈球形,颗粒大小分布均匀;纳米花生蛋白颗粒的Z–电位的电荷量随乙醇添加量的增加而增大;傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪(FTIR)分析表明纳米颗粒分子内的羟基有所增加;DSC分析发现纳米花生分离蛋白的变性温度在100℃左右,并且随乙醇添加量的增加而有所降低。     

大豆分离蛋白与小麦粉复配对面制食品品质影响的研究进展

综述了添加大豆分离蛋白对面条、面包、馒头等面制品食用品质的影响,得出在小麦粉中添加适量的大豆分离蛋白后,能够使其蛋白质含量增加,有效地改善面制品的食用品质、面筋强度、流变学性质、营养价值,延长其货架期。     

富硒花生油和富硒花生蛋白的基本性质研究

以富硒花生为原料,采用石油醚提取富硒花生油,利用碱提酸沉法提取富硒花生蛋白,分别分析了产物的脂肪酸组成和氨基酸组成,并对富硒花生蛋白的基本性质进行了考察.结果表明:富硒花生油中的亚油酸含量高于油酸;富硒花生蛋白中必需氨基酸含量为22.306％,非必需氨基酸含量为63.816％;富硒花生和富硒花生蛋白的硒含量分别为257 μg/kg和183 μg/kg;富硒花生蛋白的相对分子质量在10 000 ～70 000 Da之间;富硒花生蛋白有较好的溶解性、乳化性和乳化稳定性.     

花生蛋白的高静压联合酶法改性及其性质

为促进花生蛋白的深加工和更广泛的应用,采用高静压联合碱性蛋白酶酶法改性花生蛋白。通过单因素试验考察了静压力、pH、酶添加量、酶解时间和酶解温度对花生蛋白溶解度的影响,在此基础上,采用正交试验优化花生蛋白联合改性工艺条件,并测定了联合改性花生蛋白的起泡性和泡沫稳定性、巯基和二硫键含量以及总还原能力。结果表明：花生蛋白联合改性最佳工艺条件为静压力300 MPa、1 g/100 mL碱性蛋白酶（20万U/g）添加量3.0 mL（100 mL质量分数5%的花生蛋白溶液）、酶解时间60 min、pH 10、酶解温度50 ℃,在此条件下联合改性花生蛋白溶解度为（82.87±0.51）%;联合改性花生蛋白的起泡性、泡沫稳定性、巯基含量、总还原能力显著提高,二硫键含量显著下降。综上,高静压联合酶法改性改善了花生蛋白的理化性质及功能特性,有利于其深加工及更广泛的应用。     

Preparation and characterisation of films from xylose‐glycosylated peanut protein isolate powder

This work aimed at producing and characterising xylose‐glycosylated peanut protein isolate (PPI‐X) films by dissolving PPI‐X powder in water at ambient temperature and further plasticising with glycerol. The effect of powder dissolution temperature (20–100 °C) and glycerol concentration (15.0–45.0%, w/w) on mechanical properties and integrity of these films was quantified. The results showed that the powder dissolution temperature had no significant effect on the mechanical and water resistance properties of PPI‐X films within the temperature range tested. With increasing concentration of glycerol, the tensile strength and water resistance of PPI‐X films decreased and elongation increased. The films produced by dissolving the PPI‐X powder at 20 °C and plasticising with 25.0% glycerol had comparable mechanical properties and better water resistance compared to some other plant protein films plasticising with glycerol. The results suggested that PPI‐X films could potentially be used as biodegradable packaging materials.     

Peanut protein concentrate: Production and functional properties as affected by processing

Peanut protein concentrate (PPC) was isolated from fermented and unfermented defatted peanut flour by isoelectric precipitation and physical separation procedures. PPC was dried by spray or vacuum drying. PPC powders from each drying technique were evaluated for proximate composition and functional properties (protein solubility, water/oil binding capacity, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity and viscosity) along with defatted peanut flour and soy protein isolate as references. PPC contained over 85% protein versus 50% protein in the defatted peanut flour used as raw material for PPC production. PPC had a solubility profile similar to that of peanut flour, with minimum solubility observed at pH 3.5–4.5 and maximum solubility at pH 10 and higher. Roasting of peanut reduced all functional properties of defatted peanut flour while fermentation had the reverse effect. The type of drying significantly affected the functional properties of PPC. Spray dried PPCs exhibited better functional properties, particularly emulsifying capacity and foaming capacity, than vacuum oven dried PPC. Spray dried PPCs also showed comparable oil binding and foaming capacity to commercially available soy protein isolate (SPC). At equivalent concentrations and room temperature, PPC suspension exhibited lower viscosity than soy protein isolate (SPI) suspensions. However, upon heating to 90 °C for 30 min, the viscosity of PPC suspension increased sharply. Results obtained from this study suggest that the PPC could be used in food formulations requiring high emulsifying capacity, but would not be suitable for applications requiring high water retention and foaming capacity. PPC could be a good source of protein fortification for a variety of food products for protein deficient consumers in developing countries as well as a functional ingredient for the peanut industry. The production of PPC could also add value to defatted peanut flour, a low value by-product of peanut oil production.     

Peanut Protein Film as Affected by Drying Temperature and pH of Film Forming Solution

Films were made from peanut protein concentrate solution of pH 6.0, 7.5 or 9.0, and dried at 70, 80 or 90°C. Both total solubility and protein solubility of film decreased with increasing temperature but increased with increasing pH. Film color was darker and more yellow when pH increased. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation (E) increased but water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP) decreased as temperature increased. At pH 9 and 90°C, film had the lowest WVP and OP, and the highest TS.     

Multilayer packaging: Advances in preparation techniques and emerging food applications

In recent years, with advantages of versatility, functionality, and convenience, multilayer food packaging has gained significant interest. As a single entity, multilayer packaging combines the benefits of each monolayer in terms of enhanced barrier properties, mechanical integrity, and functional properties. Of late, apart from conventional approaches such as coextrusion and lamination, concepts of nanotechnology have been used in the preparation of composite multilayer films with improved physical, chemical, and functional characteristics. Further, emerging techniques such as ultraviolet and cold plasma treatments have been used in manufacturing films with enhanced performance through surface modifications. This work provides an up‐to‐date review on advancements in the preparation of multilayer films for food packaging applications. This includes critical considerations in design, risk of interaction between the package and the food, mathematical modeling and simulation, potential for scale‐up, and costs involved. The impact of in‐package processing is also explained considering cases of nonthermal processing and advanced thermal processing. Importantly, challenges associated with degradability and recycling multilayer packages and associated implications on sustainability have been discussed.     

蒸汽闪爆结合碱溶酸沉法提取高温花生粕中的蛋白质

以高温花生粕为研究对象,研究了蒸汽闪爆结合碱溶酸沉法提取花生蛋白质的工艺及其产品的功能性质。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定优化的工艺条件为:高温花生粕首先用0.3%的稀硫酸在60℃条件下搅拌浸泡2h;用清水洗去表面稀酸后沥干再进行蒸汽闪爆处理,条件为:爆破压力1.6MPa、维压时间5min;最后采用碱溶酸沉法提取蛋白质,条件为:温度60℃、pH9.5、料水比1∶12(g/mL)、浸提时间为2h。在此工艺条件下,高温花生粕中蛋白质的提取率达到52.6%,比传统碱溶酸沉工艺提高了10.8%,且所得蛋白质产品的持水性、乳化性、起泡性和起泡稳定性有了显著提高,分别增强了67.1%、141.0%、131.3%和107.4%。蒸汽闪爆技术结合碱溶酸沉法适用于从高温花生粕中提取蛋白质,不仅可以提高蛋白质的提取率,而且能够改善产品的功能性质。      

Nanofibre-based bilayer biopolymer films: enhancement of antioxidant activity and potential for food packaging application

This study aimed to enhance the antioxidant property of biopolymer film without the incorporation of external agents. The active bilayer film with improved antioxidant activity has been developed by electrospinning zein, a prolamine of corn as nanofibre (average diameter of 286 nm) on solvent cast chitosan film. Zein nanofibres exhibited a slight increase in antioxidant activity as compared to solvent cast zein film. But, zein nanofibre coating on chitosan films significantly improved its antioxidant activity from 12.41% to 44.17%. The developed bilayer films were evaluated for its ability to prevent browning in minimally processed apple slices and compared with those of chitosan and zein films plasticised with polyethylene glycol. Higher surface to volume ratio and better affinity of zein nanofibres in the bilayer film helped enhance its anti-browning ability. Thus, zein nanofibre-coated chitosan bilayer films can be used as an effective anti-browning packaging material for the packing of minimally processed fruits.     

低致敏蛋白Ara h 1复合益生菌发酵花生乳制备工艺优化

目的:研制低致敏复合乳酸菌发酵花生乳。方法:利用试剂盒测定不同品种花生中的粗蛋白含量及Ara h 1含量,选取Ara h 1含量最低的花生品种制作发酵乳;以接菌量、接菌种类、发酵时间及糖添加量为考察因素,Ara h 1含量为测定结果,采用响应面法优化致敏蛋白Ara h 1含量下降最多的发酵花生乳制备工艺;制作复合益生菌发酵花生乳,并对产品的口感、组织状态和风味进行感官评价。结果:当接菌量为4%、接种嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌、发酵4 h、糖添加量为6%时,发酵花生乳中的主要过敏原Ara h 1减少70%,含量为48μg/g,且感官评分达到80分。结论:经工艺优化获得了致敏蛋白Ara h 1含量低,凝乳效果好,口味怡人的复合益生菌发酵花生制品。     

Modification and characterisation of porcine plasma protein with natural agents as potential cross‐linkers

Modification of porcine plasma protein (PPP) using the natural cross‐linkers at different concentrations of rutin (0.6–1% w/w), caffeic acid (1–3% w/w) and genipin (0.15–0.5% w/w) on chemical and thermal properties of PPP was investigated. Among these, rutin was the most significant effective natural agent corresponding to a decrease in the free amino group and sulphydryl group contents including a change in the protein bands’ intensity from SDS‐PAGE. However, genipin exhibited greater thermal properties of modified PPP. Moreover, the modification affected the colour of PPP and a change in the FT‐IR spectra of the samples. The suitable concentrations of each natural agent were 0.6% rutin, 0.5% genipin and 3% caffeic acid. Therefore, natural cross‐linkers such as rutin, caffeic acid and genipin can be considered as alternative cross‐linkers to improve the properties of PPP for food processing and biopolymer material applications as they are nontoxic.     

Production and characterisation of skate skin gelatin films incorporated with thyme essential oil and their application in chicken tenderloin packaging

In this study, skate skin gelatin (SSG) was used as a new biodegradable film source and a SSG film was prepared. In addition, thyme essential oil (TEO) was incorporated in the SSG film as an antimicrobial agent for the preparation of an antimicrobial film. The tensile strength (TS) of the film decreased, whereas elongation at break (E) increased by the addition of TEO. The SSG film containing TEO showed increased antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 as TEO concentration increased. To apply the SSG film to food packaging, chicken tenderloin samples were wrapped with the film containing 1% TEO. The packaging of chicken tenderloin with the TEO‐containing SSG film inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 compared to the control during storage. Therefore, the SSG film with added TEO has potential as active food packaging to extend the shelf life of chicken tenderloin.