高产Nisin和高产LAB EPS乳酸菌共生株筛查

通过对10株产Nisin乳酸菌株和10株产LAB EPS乳酸菌株进行培养、筛选和测定,筛选出3株高产Nisin的乳酸菌株和3株高产LABEPS的乳酸菌株,进而对3株高产LAB EPS乳酸菌株和3株高产Nisin乳酸菌株进行复合发酵试验,最终筛选出可共生的高产Nisin乳酸菌株和高产LAB EPS乳酸菌株各1株。     

发酵蓝莓乳饮料生产工艺的探讨

以蓝莓、鲜奶为主要原料制成发酵乳饮料,通过试验对稳定剂及饮料配方进行了研究,结果表明:复合稳定剂的组成为果胶(0.20%)、CMC(0.15%)、PGA(0.10%);最佳配方为蓝莓汁的添加量8%,发酵乳的添加量30%,糖的添加量8%,pH值4.0。     

传统发酵酸牛奶中乳酸菌多态性分析

以从内蒙古呼伦贝尔市牧区采集的1份传统发酵酸牛奶样品为研究对象,对其进行乳酸菌的分离鉴定。通过传统纯培养法分离出17株菌,并对17株菌进行16SrDNA序列分析、多位点pheS序列分析和生理生化鉴定,鉴定的结果为11株乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、1株格式乳球菌、1株粪肠球菌、2株植物乳杆菌植物亚种及2株弯曲乳杆菌。乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种为优势菌(占总分离菌株的64.7%)。     

Use of human lysozyme transgenic goat milk in cheese making: effects on lactic acid bacteria performance

Genetically engineered goats expressing elevated levels of the antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme in their milk were developed to improve udder health, product shelf life, and consumer well-being. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lysozyme on the development of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) throughout the cheese-making process. Raw and pasteurized milk from 7 lysozyme transgenic goats and 7 breed-, age-, and parity-matched nontransgenic controls was transformed into cheeses by using industry methods, and their microbiological load was evaluated. The numbers of colony-forming units of LAB were determined for raw and pasteurized goat milk, whey, and curd at d 2 and at d 6 or 7 of production. Selective plating media were used to enumerate lactococcal species separately from total LAB. Although differences in the mean number of colony-forming units between transgenic and control samples in raw milk, whey, and cheese curd were non-significant for both total LAB and lactococcal species from d 2 of production, a significant decrease was observed in both types of LAB among d 6 transgenic raw milk cheese samples. In pasteurized milk trials, a significant decrease in LAB was observed only in the raw milk of transgenic animals. These results indicate that lysozyme transgenic goat milk is not detrimental to LAB growth during the cheese-making process.     

Isolation,characterisation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from bushera: a Ugandan traditional fermented beverage

One hundred and thirteen strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were selected from 351 isolates from 15 samples of traditionally fermented household bushera from Uganda and also from laboratory-prepared bushera. Isolates were phenotypically characterised by their ability to ferment 49 carbohydrates using API 50 CHL kits and additional biochemical tests. Coliforms, yeasts and LAB were enumerated in bushera. The pH, volatile organic compounds and organic acids were also determined.

The LAB counts in household bushera varied between 7.1 and 9.4 log cfu ml⁻¹. The coliform counts varied between <1 and 5.2 log cfu ml⁻¹. The pH of bushera ranged from 3.7 to 4.5. Ethanol (max, 0.27%) was the major volatile organic compound while lactic acid (max, 0.52%) was identified as the dominant organic acid in household bushera.

The initial numbers of LAB and coliforms in laboratory-fermented bushera were similar; however, the LAB numbers increased faster during the first 24 h. LAB counts increased from 5.5 to 9.0 log cfu ml⁻¹ during the laboratory fermentation. Coliform counts increased from 5.9 to 7.8 log cfu ml⁻¹ at 24 h, but after 48 h, counts were less 4 log cfu ml⁻¹. Yeasts increased from 4.3 to 7.7 log cfu ml⁻¹ at 48 h, but thereafter decreased slightly. The pH declined from 7.0 to around 4.0. Lactic acid and ethanol increased from zero to 0.75% and 0.20%, respectively.

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from household bushera belonged to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus genera. Tentatively, Lactobacillus isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. fermentum, L. brevis and L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii. Streptococcus thermophilus strains were also identified in household bushera. LAB isolated from bushera produced in the laboratory belonged to five genera (Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Weissella and Enterococcus. Eight isolates were able to produce acid from starch and were identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (four strains), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (one strain), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum (one strain), Weissella confusa (one strain) and L. plantarum (one strain).     

红薯乳酸菌发酵酸奶的研制

以红薯液、牛乳为原料,发酵制得营养丰富、口味独特的红薯酸牛奶;将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按1∶1的比例3%的接种量接入原料中,结果表明:红薯液与牛乳以5:5混合、发酵温度39℃、发酵时间12 h比较适宜.     

传统发酵酸驼乳中乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

对新疆和蒙古国牧民家庭制作的传统发酵酸驼乳中的乳酸菌和酵母菌进行了计数和分离。4份酸驼乳中乳酸菌和酵母菌的数量分别为6.45×107～1.13×109mL-1和7.75×102～4.6×107mL-1。从4份酸驼乳中分离到13株乳酸菌和7株酵母菌。采用传统分类鉴定方法对乳酸菌进行鉴定,鉴定结果为L.helveticus4株(占总分离株的30.8%),L.caseisubsp.pseudoplantarum和L.dellbrueckiisubsp.bulgaricu各2株(15.4%),L.curvatus、Ped.acidilactici、Ped.urinaeequi和Enterococcusfaecalis各1株(7.7%)。此外,还有1株乳酸菌按目前的鉴定方法无法准确判断其归属。     

Diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with traditional fermented dairy products in Mongolia

Spontaneous milk fermentation has a long history in Mongolia, and beneficial microorganisms have been handed down from one generation to the next for use in fermented dairy products. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) communities in fermented yak, mare, goat, and cow milk products by analyzing 189 samples collected from 13 different regions in Mongolia. The LAB counts in these samples varied from 3.41 to 9.03 log cfu/mL. Fermented yak and mare milks had almost identical mean numbers of LAB, which were significantly higher than those in fermented goat milk but slightly lower than those in fermented cow milk. In total, 668 isolates were obtained from these samples using de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe agar and M17 agar. Each isolate was considered to be presumptive LAB based on gram-positive and catalase-negative properties, and was identified at the species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multiplex PCR assay, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. All isolates from Mongolian dairy products were accurately identified as Enterococcus faecalis (1 strain), Enterococcus durans (3 strains), Lactobacillus brevis (3 strains), Lactobacillus buchneri (2 strains), Lactobacillus casei (16 strains), Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (142 strains), Lactobacillus diolivorans (17 strains), Lactobacillus fermentum (42 strains), Lactobacillus helveticus (183 strains), Lactobacillus kefiri (6 strains), Lactobacillus plantarum ssp. plantarum (7 strains), Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (7 strains), Leuconostoc lactis (22 strains), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (21 strains), Streptococcus thermophilus (195 strains), and Weissella cibaria (1 strain). The predominant LAB were Strep. thermophilus and Lb. helveticus, which were isolated from all sampling sites. The results demonstrate that traditional fermented dairy products from different regions of Mongolia have complex compositions of LAB species. Such diversity of LAB provides useful information for further studies of probiotic strain selection and starter culture design, with regard to the industrial production of traditional fermented milk.     

乳酸菌在发酵香肠中的应用研究

筛选出适宜发酵肉制品使用的乳酸菌发酵剂,确定了其在发酵香肠中应用的最佳工艺条件,并对应用结果进行了分析讨论。     

甘肃甘孜地区牧民家庭制作发酵乳中乳酸菌的分离及筛选

从甘肃甘孜地区传统发酵乳中采用稀释涂布、划线分离的方法分离得到55株乳酸菌,通过一级筛选:传代试验、凝乳时间、酸奶酸度、质构、保水率及凝乳时风味的感官评价,筛选出8株风味独特、凝乳时间短、遗传性状稳定的乳酸菌。通过二级筛选:后酸化能力、产乙醛能力、产双乙酰能力、冷藏过程中活菌数、耐酸、耐胆盐能力和抑菌能力,最后筛选出优良乳酸菌杆菌两株、球菌两株可作为发酵剂用于酸乳的生产。     

Molecular identification of naturally occurring bacteriocinogenic and bacteriocinogenic-like lactic acid bacteria in raw milk and soft cheese

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are currently used by food industries because of their ability to produce metabolites with antimicrobial activity against gram-positive pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. The objectives of this study were to identify naturally occurring bacteriocinogenic or bacteriocinogenic-like LAB in raw milk and soft cheese and to detect the presence of nisin-coding genes in cultures identified as Lactococcus lactis. Lactic acid bacteria cultures were isolated from 389 raw milk and soft cheese samples and were later characterized for the production of antimicrobial substances against Listeria monocytogenes. Of these, 58 (14.9%) LAB cultures were identified as antagonistic; the nature of this antagonistic activity was then characterized via enzymatic tests to confirm the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial substances. In addition, 20 of these antagonistic cultures were selected and submitted to genetic sequencing; they were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (n = 2) and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (n = 18). Nisin genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction in 7 of these cultures. The identified bacteriocinogenic and bacteriocinogenic-like cultures were highly variable concerning the production and activity of antimicrobial substances, even when they were genetically similar. The obtained results indicated the need for molecular and phenotypic methodologies to properly characterize bacteriocinogenic LAB, as well as the potential use of these cultures as tools to provide food safety.     

浅谈影响乳酸菌饮料稳定性的因素

乳酸菌饮料经常难以保持均匀的稳定状态,易分层和形成沉淀。如何保持乳酸菌饮料中蛋白质的稳定性是许多食品工作者以及生产厂家需要解决的问题。就影响乳酸菌饮料稳定性的因素进行了简单论述。     

Boza: A lactic acid fermented cereal beverage as a traditional Turkish food

Consumption of lactic acid fermented foods is common in many mid-Asian, Middle East, and African countries. These products have many advantages such as destroying undesirable factors in the raw products, reducing the volume of the material, and providing a safer product. Besides improving organoleptic quality by fermentation, they are also superior in digestibility and nutritive value compared to their unfermented counterparts.

Boza is a traditional Turkish beverage made by yeast and lactic acid bacteria fermentation of millet, cooked maize, wheat, or rice semolina/flour. The name, boza, in Turkish comes from the Persian word, buze, meaning millet. However, the Turks who lived in Middle Asia called this beverage bassoi. There are also similar beverages produced in East European countries (braga or brascha), the Balkans (busa), and Egypt (bouza). In the past, boza has been produced and consumed with slight differences in the recipe in the Turkish countries. Boza is made of various kinds of cereals (usually millet, maize, and wheat), but boza of the best quality and taste is made of millet flour. In the Balkans, such as Bulgaria, cocoa is also included in the boza recipe. Boza produced in Egypt has high alcohol content (up to 7% by volume) and is consumed as beer. Because of its lactic acid, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and fiber contents, it is a valuable fermented food that contributes to human nutrition.     

Probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria from fermented Malaysian food or milk products

This study investigated the probiotic characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from 14 Malaysian fermented food or milk products. In total, 22.3% (121 of 542) of the LAB isolated from the local fermented products exhibited antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus. Twelve LAB that demonstrated better antibacterial activity against M. luteus as compared to a commercial strain Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LABPC) were selected for further characterisation. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, the LAB were identified as pediococci (seven) and lactobacilli (five). All 12 LAB showed bile tolerance, but only eight were acid tolerant at pH ≥ 3.0. The highest level of adhesion to HT‐29 cells was observed among the Lactobacillus sp. LAB 1 and 10. The LAB also showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through the production of organic acids. LAB isolated from Malaysian fermented food and milk products, especially fermented tapioca, contains potential probiotic candidates.     

发酵羊乳中乳酸菌低产粘菌株的筛选

对从商业乳酸菌发酵剂分离纯化的11株保加利亚乳杆菌和11株嗜热链球菌在发酵羊乳中的粘度进行了研究。结果表明,保加利亚乳杆菌L.b-124菌株和L.b-346菌株、嗜热链球菌S.t-222菌株和S.t-346菌株具有较低的产粘能力,凝乳时间也较短;将L.b-346菌株与S.t-346菌株按杆菌和球菌1:1比例混合后在43℃下发酵羊乳时,可获得较低的发酵粘度。     

UPLC-MS/MS法快速测定乳酸菌发酵食品中的苯乳酸

建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定发酵食品中苯乳酸的方法,并利用此方法对45种乳酸菌发酵食品中苯乳酸的含量进行测定.样品经甲醇提取,采用UPLC-MS/MS法,...     

Interactions among lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria used for fermented dairy products

Interactions among lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria were investigated to establish adequate combinations of strains to manufacture probiotic dairy products. For this aim, a total of 48 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium spp. (eight of each) were used. The detection of bacterial interactions was carried out using the well-diffusion agar assay, and the interactions found were further characterized by growth kinetics. A variety of interactions was demonstrated. Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was found to be able to inhibit S. thermophilus strains. Among probiotic cultures, Lb. acidophilus was the sole species that was inhibited by the others (Lb. casei and Bifidobacterium). In general, probiotic bacteria proved to be more inhibitory towards lactic acid bacteria than vice versa since the latter did not exert any effect on the growth of the former, with some exceptions. The study of interactions by growth kinetics allowed the setting of four different kinds of behaviors between species of lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria (stimulation, delay, complete inhibition of growth, and no effects among them). The possible interactions among the strains selected to manufacture a probiotic fermented dairy product should be taken into account when choosing the best combination/s to optimize their performance in the process and their survival in the products during cold storage.     

金银花乳酸菌饮料加工工艺研究

[目的]研究具有营养保健功能的金银花乳酸菌饮料的加工工艺和配方,旨在为该饮料的工业化生产提供技术参考。[方法]通过正交试验确定了金银花乳酸菌饮料的最佳配方;同时选用耐酸CMC-Na、黄原胶和果胶3种稳定剂进行复配,采用正交试验,以沉淀率为指标,确定3种稳定剂的最佳添加量配比。[结果]金银花乳酸菌饮料最佳配方:酸乳35%、金银花汁15%、蔗糖5%、阿斯巴甜0.025%,此时饮料的口感及综合品质最佳;采用复合稳定剂可大大提高金银花乳酸菌饮料的稳定效果,当耐酸CMC-Na、黄原胶、果胶的添加量分别为0.1%、0.1%、0.15%时,饮料的稳定性最好。[结论]通过以上试验研究,可得到具有独特风味的高质量的金银花乳酸菌饮料。     

野生龙葵汁乳酸菌饮料的研究

采用4因素3水平的正交试验,对野生龙葵汁乳酸菌饮料的最佳工艺与配方进行了研究。结果表明:龙葵汁10%、乳化稳定剂0.4%、发酵乳30%、白砂糖10.5%、菌种比1:1,42℃发酵4h,配制的乳酸菌饮料具有较好的口感和稳定性。     

乳酸菌发酵骨泥液的免疫调节作用研究

经口服给予小鼠不同计量的乳酸菌骨泥发酵液30d，能够明显提高小鼠的抗体生成细胞数、足跖细胞及巨噬细胞功能。由此证明，经乳酸菌发酵骨泥而成的——乳酸菌骨泥发酵液具有增强体液免疫和细胞免疫功能及巨噬细胞功能的作用。