Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si阻燃钛合金的动态再结晶行为（英文）

对Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si阻燃钛合金在温度为950~1100℃,应变速率为0.001~1 s~(-1)条件下进行热压缩试验,研究了该合金在β相区变形时的动态再结晶行为。结果表明,该合金的热变形机制主要是由动态再结晶支配的,而动态再结晶新晶粒主要是通过弓弯形核机制来形成的。当应变速率降低和变形温度升高时动态再结晶易于发生;当应变速率为0.01~0.1 s~(-1),变形温度为950~1050℃时,动态再结晶使晶粒细化;当变形温度高于1100℃,应变速率低于0.001 s~(-1)时,动态再结晶晶粒粗化。为了确定在不同变形条件下的动态再结晶体积分数和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸,分别建立了该合金动态再结晶动力学和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸预测模型。     

65Mn钢的动态再结晶行为

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对65Mn钢进行热压缩试验,变形温度850~1150℃、应变速率0.02~20 s~(-1),最大真应变1.0,研究材料在上述试验条件下的动态再结晶行为,以及变形条件对再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明:试验钢的真应力-真应变曲线在高温、低应变速率条件下出现明显峰值,随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低,临界应变变小,有利于动态再结晶发生;奥氏体再结晶晶粒尺寸与变形参数相关,应变速率降低,再结晶晶粒尺寸增大;变形温度降低,有利于再结晶晶粒尺寸细化。     

TA32钛合金板材的超塑性能研究

研究了真空环境中TA32钛合金板材在温度950℃、应变速率5. 32×10~(-4)～2. 08×10~(-2)s~(-1)条件下的超塑性变形行为。结果表明,在不同应变速率条件下,合金的流变应力曲线特征和显微组织演变显著不同。在应变速率较低(5. 32×10~(-4)～3. 33×10~(-3)s~(-1))条件下,拉伸真应力-真应变曲线呈传统超塑变形的稳态流动特征,变形后的合金中初生α相晶粒尺寸较大;在高应变速率(8. 31×10~(-3)s~(-1)～2. 08×10~(-2)s~(-1))条件下,拉伸真应力-真应变曲线中流变应力增大到峰值后快速单调递减直至试样断裂,合金变形过程中初生α相发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸较低应变速率条件下显著细化。950℃时,TA32钛合金板材均具有超塑性变形能力,超塑性延伸率在145%～519%之间;当应变速率为5. 32×10~(-4)s~(-1)时,具有最佳的超塑性,拉伸延伸率可达519%。断裂区形貌分析发现,TA32钛合金板材的超塑性断裂模式为空洞聚集-连接-长大型断裂。     

高温拉伸对2524铝合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

在应变速率为10~(-4)~10~(-1 )s~(-1)和温度为250~450℃范围内对2524铝合金板材进行单向热拉伸试验,研究了热变形参数对其显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,当温度为400℃,应变速率为10~(-3 )s~(-1)时,2524铝合金开始表现出动态再结晶特征,升高温度以及降低应变速率,均有利于动态再结晶发生。在温度为250℃,应变速率为10~(-1 )s~(-1)时,抗拉强度最高为312 MPa,伸长率最低为13%。当温度恒定为250℃时,随应变速率的减小,抗拉强度降低42.9%,伸长率提高15.4%;当应变速率恒定为10~(-1 )s~(-1)时,随温度的升高,抗拉强度降低77.2%,伸长率提高285%,断口呈韧性断裂。     

节Ni型2101双相不锈钢的高温热加工行为研究

采用Gleeble-3800热力模拟试验机在温度为1123~1423 K、应变速率为0.001~10 s~(-1)的条件下对2101双相不锈钢进行了热压缩实验,以研究热变形参数对其热加工行为的影响规律。结果表明,相同应变速率下,随温度升高,流变曲线由动态再结晶向动态回复转变。变形速率由0.001 s~(-1)增至0.01和0.1 s~(-1)提高了动态再结晶温度范围,而1和10 s~(-1)的较高应变速率不利于动态再结晶。在应变速率为0.001~0.1s~(-1)、变形温度为1253~1323 K时,峰值应力所对应的应变越小,奥氏体动态再结晶越容易发生,有利于等轴状再结晶组织形成。低应变速率下,变形温度升高使奥氏体再结晶晶粒长大,且Zener-Hollomon参数较大时,动态再结晶效果变差与Mn稳定奥氏体能力较Ni弱有关。基于热变形方程计算得到该不锈钢热变形激活能Q=464.49 k J/mol,略高于2205双相不锈钢,并建立了峰值流变应力本构方程。结合不同变形条件下的应变曲线和显微组织,根据热加工图确定了最佳热加工区域为应变速率在0.001~0.1 s~(-1)、变形温度为1220~1350 K,该区域功率耗散系数处于0.40~0.47的较高值,发生了明显奥氏体动态再结晶。     

A100超高强度钢的动态再结晶行为及组织演变研究

借助Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机研究了A100超高强度钢在变形温度为850~1200℃、应变速率为0.001~10 s~(-1)和变形程度为60%条件下的热变形行为。基于实验数据计算了动态再结晶激活能,通过引入无量纲Z参数表征了动态再结晶的临界应变/应力、峰值应变/应力和稳态应变/应力模型,并绘制了动态再结晶状态图,同时对该钢的组织演变进行了分析。结果表明:该钢的动态再结晶激活能为380.177 k J·mol~(-1);随着变形温度的升高或应变速率的下降,Z参数逐渐减小,更容易发生动态再结晶行为,但其晶粒尺寸随之增大,其中在950~1050℃、0.01~0.1 s~(-1)和1050~1150℃、1~10 s~(-1)范围内进行热加工可获得细小、均匀的晶粒组织。根据实验结果建立了动态再结晶晶粒尺寸预测模型,其预测值与实验值具有较高的吻合度。     

C_(sf)/AZ91D复合材料高温变形动态再结晶临界条件

采用真空压力浸渗法制备了短切碳纤维体积分数为15%的AZ91D镁基复合材料(C_sf/AZ91D),通过等温恒应变率压缩试验,研究了复合材料在变形温度为400~460℃、应变速率为0.001~0.1s~(-1)、最大真应变为0.7条件下的流变应力和动态再结晶行为。结果表明,复合材料流变应力曲线呈现显著的动态再结晶软化特征,动态再结晶临界应变随变形温度升高或应变速率降低而减小,其与Z参数之间的函数关系为εc=1.6×10~(-3) Z~(0.037 2);动态再结晶临界应变和峰值应变之间的关系为ε_c=0.385 2ε_p;同等变形条件下,复合材料动态再结晶的临界应变远小于AZ91D镁合金,短切碳纤维促进了基体镁合金动态再结晶发生,同时细化了其再结晶晶粒。     

复合析出强化超高强度钢20Co14Ni12Cr2MoAl的动态再结晶行为

通过Gleeble-3800热力模拟试验机采用高温轴向压缩试验,在温度为850~1150℃,应变速率为0.01~10 s~(-1)的条件下,对一种碳化物和金属间化合物复合析出硬化超高强度20Co14Ni12Cr2Mo Al钢的高温变形及动态再结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明,试验钢流变应力和峰值应变随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小;随着变形速率的提高,其发生完全动态再结晶的温度也逐渐升高。当变形速率为10 s~(-1)时,其变形温度高于1050℃,才能发生完全动态再结晶;完全动态再结晶晶粒的平均尺寸随着Zener-Hollomon参数的增加而减小,试验钢完全动态再结晶晶粒尺寸与Z参数之间的关系模型为:D_(DRX)=2.644×10~4·Z~(-0.119),并建立了该钢的动态再结晶状态图;试验钢的热变形激活能Q值为449.20 k J/mol。     

BFe10-1-1铜合金动态再结晶及组织演变

在850、900、950℃,应变速率0.1、1、10 s~(-1)以及真应变0.8和1.0的条件下采用Gleeble-3500对BFe10-1-1铜合金进行热压缩试验。结果表明,在成形过程中有不同程度的动态再结晶发生。在其他成形条件相同条件下,温度为850℃时最有利于动态再结晶的发生;应变速率为1 s~(-1)时,动态再结晶发生的体积数最多,晶粒最细小;低应变速率时,增加变形量有利于动态再结晶;高应变速率时,增加变形量对动态再结晶影响不大。     

应变速率对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金流变应力和微观组织的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测定7085铝合金在变形温度为350~450℃,应变速率为0.001、0.01、0.1和1 s~(-1)时的真应力-应变曲线,借助光学显微镜(OM)和背散射电子衍射(EBSD)对变形后的试样进行组织分析,研究应变速率对7085铝合金流变应力和微观组织的影响。结果表明:稳态流变应力随变形速率的增大而增大,真应力-应变曲线可分为加工硬化阶段、动态软化阶段和稳态阶段;再结晶晶粒呈链状分布在晶界处,随着应变速率的降低,再结晶晶粒的尺寸和再结晶分数不断增大。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。