Mechanical Behavior of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

Metal matrix composites provide significantly enhanced properties — like higher strength, stiffness and weight savings — in comparison to conventional monolithic materials. Particle reinforced MMCs are attractive due to their cost‐effectiveness, isotropic properties, and their ability to be processed using similar technology used for monolithic materials. This review captures the salient features of experimental as well as analytical and computational characterization of the mechanical behavior of MMCs. The main focus is on wrought particulate reinforced light alloy matrix systems, with a particular emphasis on tensile, creep, and fatigue behavior.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料的疲劳研究进展

对近年来颗粒增强铝基复合材料疲劳性能研究进展进行了总结,介绍了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的强化机制,概括了影响材料疲劳性能的几个重要的因素,从裂纹萌生以及裂纹扩展方面阐述了其疲劳行为及微观失效机制,并提出了未来颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究趋势。     

SiCp颗粒增强铝基复合材料塑性变形中过程的强化机制与断裂机制研究

综述了SiCp颗粒增强铝基复合材料的强化机制与断裂机制.分析了影响SiCp颗粒增强铝基复合材料强化、断裂的因素及其低塑性的原因,在此基础上提出改善其塑性的几点设想.     

金属基复合材料的微屈服行为

金属基复合材料 (MMC)的微屈服行为有其特殊性 ,主要表现在基体中的热残余应力水平和位错组态与宏观屈服阶段显著不同 ,因而表现出的力学行为也不同。本文综述了金属基复合材料微屈服行为的宏观表现和微观特性 ,并对其研究发展进行了概述 ,指出了有待深入研究的问题     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料强化理论模型研究与发展

简要介绍了等效夹杂、平均应力场以及应变梯度塑性理论等几种常用颗粒增强金属基复合材料强化理论模型的发展情况,总结了国内外学者对各强化理论模型的修正情况,讨论了各强化理论模型的优缺点以及适用性,提出了颗粒增强金属基复合材料强化理论模型的发展方向。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料微屈服行为的细观力学计算

本文采用细观力学模型 ,计算了颗粒增强金属基复合材料的微屈服行为规律。计算模型是以有限元法、应力二阶矩的割线模量法、Eshelby等有效夹杂方法和双夹杂模型等为基础。计算结果表明在基体材料的微屈服规律符合Brown Lukens线性规律的情况下 ,颗粒增强金属基复合材料的σ 〈εp〉1 2 关系也近似呈线性符合Brown Lukens规律。同时计算了增强体颗粒的含量、热残余应力和位错密度等多方面因素对复合材料微屈服规律的影响。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的结构建模与力学模拟研究进展

颗粒增强金属基复合材料具有高模量、高强度及高耐磨等优异性能,其材料体系庞杂、复合结构繁复,力学性能指标众多。通过结构建模与力学模拟的系统研究,能够有效揭示复合材料的构效关系与组织演变规律,进而指导其设计、制备、加工与应用全流程研究。开展多尺度建模计算,并与宏、微观实验相融合,以及利用以数据库技术、高通量计算与大数据挖掘为主要特征的材料信息学研究,可实现金属基复合材料的“组分-工艺-结构-性能”内禀关系的科学内涵描述。首先回顾了颗粒增强金属基复合材料建模计算的主要研究方法,然后对其结构建模研究现状进行了介绍,进而围绕界面特性与力学模拟进行了综合述评,最后对建模拟实结合材料基因工程技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

纳米氮化硼增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

在金属中添加陶瓷增强相是调控和改善金属材料结构和性能的重要途径。传统硬质陶瓷增强相难以满足金属材料日益严苛的应用需求。以氮化硼纳米片（boron nitride nanosheet,BNNS）和氮化硼纳米管（boron nitridenanotube,BNNT）为代表的纳米氮化硼具有极大的比表面积和优异的力学性能、热稳定性、化学稳定性等,是制备性能优异的金属基复合材料的理想增强相。系统总结了纳米氮化硼的种类和特征,综述了纳米氮化硼增强金属基复合材料的制备方法,归纳了纳米氮化硼增强Cu、Al、Ti复合材料的研究成果,总结了纳米氮化硼/金属复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能,并揭示了复合材料性能改善的机理。最后,展望了纳米氮化硼/金属复合材料的发展趋势。     

Fabrication of Woven Metal Fibre Reinforced Glass Matrix Composites

A processing route has been developed for the fabrication of metallic fibre mat reinforced glass matrix composites. For the model experiments reported here, a commercially available satin woven stainless steel 316L fibre mat was used as the reinforcement and soda-lime glass as the matrix. The process involves two steps: (1) the infiltration of the intra- and inter-tows regions of the fibre mats with silica sol using electrophoretic deposition and (2) the fabrication of a composite by cold uniaxial pressing and pressureless sintering of impregnated fibre mats sandwiched between layers of the matrix glass powder. The sintering took place in air at 670°C, and composite materials of sufficient integrity could be obtained without damaging the fibres. The deposited silica remained amorphous at the processing temperature providing a porous interface between the glass matrix and the metallic reinforcement. Obervation of fracture surfaces revealed that both fibre pull-out and fibre deformation occur, which should lead to a significant toughness enhancement. The presence of the interfacial silica layer, deposited using electrophoresis, is thought to be responsible for this behaviour.     

Effect of Particulate Silicon Carbide on Cyclic Plastic Strain Response and Fracture Behavior of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composites

In this paper, the cyclic stress response and cyclic stress–strain response characteristics, cyclic strain resistance and low-cycle fatigue life, and mechanisms governing the deformation and fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 6061 discontinuously reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particulates are presented and discussed. Two different volume fractions of the carbide particulate reinforcement phase in the aluminum alloy metal matrix are considered. The composite specimens were cyclically deformed using fully reversed tension–compression loading under total strain-amplitude-control. The stress response characteristic was observed to vary with strain amplitude. The plastic strain-fatigue life response was found to degrade with an increase in carbide particulate content in the metal matrix. The fracture behavior of the composite is discussed in light of the interactive influences of composite microstructural effects, cyclic strain amplitude and concomitant response stress, deformation characteristics of the composite constituents and cyclic ductility.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的钎焊性

采用氩气保护炉中钎焊和真空钎焊两种试验方法,对SiCp/101Al复合材料的钎焊性进行研究。结果表明,通过选择合理的钎料和钎剂及采用正确的钎焊工艺参数,可以实现对SiCp/101Al复合材料的钎焊连接。对获得接头进行力学性能测试,表明钎焊接头的剪切强度随钎焊温度的升高而升高,当达到一定值以后,又随着钎焊温度的升高而降低。对接头钎缝区的XRD相结构分析中发现,接头中含有Al-Cu、Al-Si共晶组织相,并且有SiC相存在,说明母材中有部分SiC增强相颗粒过渡到了钎缝之中,有利于提高钎缝接头的力学性能。从钎焊接头的断口扫描照片中可以看出,接头大部分都呈韧性断裂特征,且大多数接头都断裂于靠近钎缝的母材部位,说明钎焊接头的质量较高,钎焊工艺可行。     

有界面脱粘时颗粒增强金属基复合材料的弹塑性性能分析

基于Mori-Tanaka理论和Eshelby等效夹杂理论,假定基体和增强相界面结合完好,推导出在力的边界条件下两相复合材料各组成相的应力、应变以及复合材料的体平均应变和应力,并考虑了基体和增强颗粒热膨胀系数引起的热应变以及各相塑性应变的影响.在此基础上,假定基体和复合材料均为各向同性材料,颗粒仅产生弹性变形,基体产生弹塑性变形且满足Mises屈服准则和等向强化准则,由颗粒所受的拉应力控制界面的脱粘,脱粘概率由Weibull分布函数来描述,脱粘后的颗粒等效为孔洞,采用割线模量法讨论了球形颗粒增强金属基复合材料有界面脱粘时的弹塑性性能,理论预测与实验结果吻合较好.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料的焊接性及其搅拌摩擦焊

从化学和物理相容性角度综合分析了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的焊接性,阐述了熔化焊、钎焊、固相连接等对铝基复合材料的适应性。在介绍了搅拌摩擦焊原理的基础上,结合试验结果,着重探讨了搅拌摩擦焊焊接参数对颗粒增强铝基复合材料焊缝成型、焊接接头的组织特征及连接接头的性能的影响,说明搅拌摩擦焊用于焊接颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有明显的优势。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的干摩擦性能与磨损机理

颗粒增强金属基复合材料(PMMC5)具有优良的耐磨性，在摩擦磨损领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文评述了近年来关于PMMCs干摩擦磨损行为的研究结果，从材料因素和外部条件两个角度分析了各种因素对材料耐磨性、摩擦系数和配偶件磨损的影响，总结了不同条件下复合材料的磨损机制，并提出了设计摩擦磨损性能优良的PMMCs体系的可能途径。     

Machinability of Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by 3-D Network Structure

Metal matrix composites reinforced by three-dimensional (3-D) continuous network structure reinforcement (3DCNRMMC) are difficult to machine due to serious tool wear and poor surface roughness caused by the brittle and hard reinforcement which interpenetrate into ductile matrix. In order to achieve the approach of low cost of 3DCNRMMC, the machinability of it needs to be understood. The influences of three cutting parameters and volume fraction of reinforcement on cutting force were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that: (1) Due to the brittle phase(s) introduced into ductile matrix of composites, there is a large fluctuation of cutting force causing deterioration of machinability. The fluctuation ranges of cutting forces, initially increase rapidly with the increase of volume fraction of reinforcement and then decrease finally, are largest at the range of the volume fraction of 55–65%; (2) The influence of cutting parameters on cutting force is obvious. With the increases of cutting speed, cutting force decreases gradually unless cutting speed exceeds the value of 209 m/min. Cutting forces increase with increasing feed rate and depth of cut; (3) Owing to the large fluctuation of cutting force, there were some cratered surfaces caused by Si₃N₄ reinforcement pulling-out and flaking-off. Some brittle phase protruding from the machined surface caused the deterioration of machined surface.     

喷射共沉积颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究现状与进展

作为一种综合了铸造与粉末冶金优点制备近成形颗粒增强金属基复合材料的方法,喷射共沉积技术及其应用受到了广泛的关注。本文综述了喷射沉积颗粒增强金属基复合材料的发展现状;介绍了喷射共沉积技术的原理;讨论了喷射共沉积过程中金属液体对增强相的捕获机理和凝固前沿对颗粒的捕获问题;介绍了喷射沉积颗粒增强金属基复合材料的装置及工艺参数的控制;着重介绍了喷射沉积材料的组织性能及致密化工艺,提出通过旋球同步预致密后再分别进行往复镦-挤和等径角挤压实现沉积坯的大塑性变形达到完全致密与冶金结合;指出了喷射沉积金属基复合材料将向组织均匀化、韧性化、完全致密化方向发展。     

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料由于高的比强度、比模量以及优异的热、电性能在航空航天领域具有很好的应用潜力,本文在分析大量文献的基础上,评述该类材料的制备技术和界面研究进展,对其典型性能进行归纳,指出碳纳米管的分散技术以及碳管、基体之间的界面特性应该是今后本领域的重点研究方向。     

喷射沉积成形颗粒增强金属基复合材料制备技术的发展

分析了喷射沉积成形颗粒增强金属基复合材料制备技术的研究现状。系统地介绍了原位反应喷射沉积成形过程中进行的各类反应。在总结国内外喷射沉积成形颗粒增强金属基复合材料制备技术优缺点的基础上,发展了熔铸－原位反应喷射沉积成形金属基复合材料制备新技术。     

Metal–Matrix Composites from High-Pressure Torsion with Functionalized Material Behavior

In composites, outstanding properties of two materials can be combined. In particular, metal–matrix composites (MMCs) can combine the properties of a high-strength ductile metallic matrix with special properties of embedded ceramic particles. This hybrid can be used to create a functional material. However, during consolidation, the thermal load of most common MMC-processing routes is an obstacle for such functionalization, because the unique properties of the ceramic phases most likely degrade. Mechanical alloying, in this case, by high-pressure torsion (HPT), can overcome this challenge. Herein, the attempt to obtain smart materials through HPT processing is aimed. For that purpose, Cu-MMCs are produced from mixed powders with ${\text{ZrO}}_2$ and ${\text{BaTiO}}_3$ (BTO) with the challenge to incorporate their functional phase. BTO can provide a sensing ability for internal stress and ${\text{ZrO}}_2$ can provide a fatigue lifetime by a retarded crack growth. The amount of the stabilized phase is evaluated by X-ray diffraction. Cu–BTO–MMCs exhibit a local piezoelectric effect when strained, shown by in situ scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. Cu–${\text{ZrO}}_2$–MMCs feature a retarded fatigue crack initiation and an earlier crack closure during fatigue crack growth due to the volume expansion once ${\text{ZrO}}_2$ transforms.     

Elastic Constants of Particle and Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

Abstract

A model has been developed to predict the elastic moduli in composites reinforced with both particles and fibers. In the model the matrix material and the particles, which are assumed to be homogeneously distributed, form an effective matrix. The characteristics of this effective matrix is calculated using a theory formulated by Ledbetter and Datta. The effective matrix is then considered to be reinforced with fibers lying in one plane but randomly oriented in that plane. The effect of the 2-dimensionally random orientation of the fibers on the elastic moduli of the composites is determined in two steps. First the composite cylinders model by Hashin and Rosen for an aligned fiber system is employed, and then a geometric averaging procedure suggested by Christensen and Waals is performed. Using this model, the Young's and shear moduli were calculated for three samples with different aluminum matrices and volume fractions of particles (9, 13, and 17%) but the same fiber content (6%). The same elastic moduli were also determined using ultrasonic velocity measurements. The agreement between calculated and measured elastic moduli is found to be very good. Also, the elastic anisotropics between directions of the fiber rich plane and that normal to the plane could be predicted by the model.