氨基葡萄糖硫酸软骨素促进骨骼健康作用研究进展

氨基葡萄糖和硫酸软骨素能够预防和治疗骨关节病。本文简要介绍骨关节病及其发病特点,重点叙述氨基葡萄糖和硫酸软骨素促进骨骼健康的作用机理、功效及其药物代谢动力学,并对研究开发食品型氨基葡萄糖硫酸软骨素制品的前景进行了探索,以达到以强健骨骼和预防骨关节病的理念取代传统的吃药治疗骨关节病的目的。     

反相离子对色谱法测定保健食品中硫酸软骨素和盐酸氨基葡萄糖

建立检测保健食品中硫酸软骨素和盐酸氨基葡萄糖含量的反相离子对色谱分析方法.称取样品,以乙腈/水(5/95,v/v)混合溶液进行超声提取,稀释定容后,滤过.采用高效液相色谱法进行测定,以Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq(4.6×250mm,5μm)色谱柱作为分析柱,柱温30℃,流速0.8mL/min,流动相为乙腈...     

同时测定软骨酶解物中硫酸软骨素及透明质酸含量的高效液相色谱法的建立

为了准确快速同时测定软骨酶解物中硫酸软骨素和透明质酸含量，以半乳糖胺和葡萄糖胺为测定目标物，通过优化色谱条件和方法性试验，建立了一种高效液相色谱的测定方法。使用ZORBAX C18柱分离，用乙腈和乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，流速为1.00 mL/min，在波长250 nm下测定。方法性试验表明，硫酸软骨素和透明质酸的质量浓度在100~500 mg/L范围与峰面积线性关系良好，其中硫酸软骨素的检出限为0.948 mg/L，重复性偏差0.089%，平均回收率99.71%，相对偏差0.35%；透明质酸的检出限为0.027 mg/L，重复性偏差0.045%，平均回收率97.74%，相对偏差0.92%。与传统方法相比，该法具有受杂质干扰影响小，准确度高，重复性优异，回收率以及精确度高的优势，可以实现准确快速同时测定软骨酶解物中硫酸软骨素和透明质酸的含量。     

Comparison of Quercetin Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Supplementation in Humans

Abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the absorption of quercetin aglycone in 18 healthy human subjects administered via the following oral carrier systems: suspension of quercetin (quercetin QU995 powder in Tang^® and spring water), nutritional bars (First Strike?), and chews (RealFX? Q‐Plus?). Subjects were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each receiving 500 mg quercetin in one of the aforementioned formulations. Blood levels were monitored immediately pre‐ and for 32 h postadministration. The concentration of total quercetin in blood samples was determined by solid phase extraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental modeling using Kinetica software. The C_max of quercetin was highest with RealFX? Q‐Plus? Chews (1051.9 ± 393.1 μg/L) achieved within 3.3 h as compared to that for First Strike? Bars (698.1 ± 189.5 μg/L in 2.3 h) and Tang^® suspension (354.4 ± 87.6 μg/L in 4.7 h). The results showed no statistically significant difference in quercetin absorption among groups due to high variability within groups receiving quercetin from same dosage form. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of quercetin absorption from quercetin fortified oral food products at doses commonly used for quercetin supplementation. Practical Application: The current study describes for the first time, comprehensive evaluation of quercetin PK in humans from quercetin fortified oral food products at doses commonly used for quercetin supplementation. Owing to quercetin's potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions, quercetin is widely being used as a nutritional supplement. In order to maximize the bioavailability of quercetin for its use in efficacy studies, it is important to determine its ideal oral carrier system and route for its delivery. The current research unveils vital information about quercetin supplementation to the international community, especially to soldiers, athletes, and the dietary supplement industry.     

The moisturizing effect of a wheat extract food supplement on women’s skin: a randomized,double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial

Ceramides, specific lipid components of the skin, represent 35–40% of the intercellular cement binding cells together and contributing to skin hydration. A wheat extract rich in ceramides and digalactosyl‐diglycerides was developed by Hitex in two forms: wheat extract oil (WEO) and wheat extract powder (WEP). In vitro tests and two clinical studies demonstrated promising efficacy results with WEP on skin hydration. To confirm these early results, a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study was carried out on 51 women aged 20–63 years with dry to very dry skin who received either 350 mg of WEO or placebo for 3 months. Evaluation of skin hydration on legs, arms and face, assessed at baseline (D0) and at study end (D84) was performed by the dermatologist using dermatological scores (dryness, roughness, erythema), skin hydration measurement (corneometry) and self‐assessment scores (Visual Analogue Scale: VAS). Perceived efficacy was noted by participants throughout the study; tolerability and overall acceptability of the study products were evaluated by the dermatologist and the participants at the end of study. Skin hydration was significantly increased between D0 and D84 on the arms (P < 0.001) and legs (P = 0.012) in the WEO group compared with placebo. Even if no significant statistical differences between groups were observed for the dermatological evaluation, skin dryness and redness tended to be reduced in the WEO group. Moreover, from D0 to D84, the VAS index had a tendency to increase in favour of WEO for the overall skin hydration (P = 0.084) indicating that participants perceived an improvement. The WEO capsules were perceived by participants as being more effective than placebo on all skin dryness signs. In conclusion, WEO capsules were well tolerated and appreciated. After 3 months’ treatment, a significant increase in skin hydration and an improvement in associated clinical signs were observed in women with dry skin.     

Thermal and storage stability of nutraceuticals in a milk beverage dietary supplement

ABSTRACT:  Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA), fluid skim milk can be used to serve as a vehicle to deliver certain metabolites (nutraceuticals or new dietary ingredients), which provide health benefits as related to aging problems for those over 55. This opens a new avenue for an increase in milk consumption and may replace taking pills. Milk beverages enriched with various nutraceutical ingredients (soy isoflavones, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, creatine, and lactoferrin) were thermally processed at different combinations of temperatures from 72 to 138 °C for different holding times using a Microthermics pilot plant thermal processing unit and were incubated at refrigeration, room, or elevated storage temperatures. Residual concentrations of the active compounds were measured by high performance liquid chromatography or by immunodifusion (for lactoferrin) and degradation kinetics were determined. Results showed a very good stability of isoflavones and chondroitin sulfate in the milk environment while glucosamine, lactoferrin, and creatin showed only limited stability at either processing or storage. Glucosamine destabilized the milk protein system at boiling temperature or higher, which caused drastic precipitation in the heat exchangers. Nevertheless, all the tested nutraceutical compounds can be used to design milk beverage dietary supplements but an overrun of over 25% may be required for some of them.     

Improved determination of D-glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods by HPLC using 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-l,3-diazole as a derivative

Abstract: This article presents an improved method to detect d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods. A simple precolumn derivatization procedure with 7‐flouro‐4‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐F) reagent was employed. The separation of the derivatized d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride (NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride) was performed using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.01 mol/L), and trifluoroacetic acid (350:649.74:0.26, volume ratio) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with the column temperature 35 °C. Under the optimum chromatographic conditions, the peak area of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride compared with its absolute value of the peak area of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in a standard solution concentration range from 1.0 to 500.0 mg/L showed a good linear calibration (R = 0.9999). Recoveries, at spiked concentrations of 10.0, 40.0, and 500.0 mg/L, varied between 97.2% and 102.6% with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.4% to 1.5%. The present method provides sufficient sensitivity as reflected by the values of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). LOD was determined from the signal‐to‐noise ratios (S/N) of NBD‐d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride peak of at least 3 in the recovery test at 0.02 mg/L, and the estimated LOQ was 0.06 mg/L (S/N = 10). The proposed method was successfully applicable to detect d ‐glucosamine hydrochloride in health foods and drugs containing a variety of complex materials.     

臭氧注射治疗膝关节骨关节炎300例观察

目的探讨有效治疗膝关节骨关节炎（OA）的方法。方法602例膝关节骨关节炎患者随机分为两组,治疗组300例,采用膝关节腔臭氧灌注治疗,痛者口服塞来昔布胶囊协助;对照组口服塞来昔胶囊或盐酸氨基葡萄糖,骨肽注射液,鹿胍多肽静脉滴注治疗。随访1年观察疗效。结果治疗组300例患者中,临床痊愈200例,好转80例,无效20例,有效率93．3％。对照组302,临床痊愈20例,好转49例,无效233例,有效率39．4％。结论臭氧灌注法治疗膝骨关节炎是治疗膝关节炎的有效方法,值得临床推广应用。     

硫酸软骨素螯合锌的制备、表征及体外生物活性

本研究利用正交试验优化硫酸软骨素螯合锌制备工艺条件.选用硫酸软骨素与硫酸锌为原料,以锌螯合率为指标,通过单因素实验及正交试验考察pH、反应时间、硫酸软骨素与七水合硫酸锌质量比、反应温度对锌螯合率的影响.采用紫外光谱分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析、扫描电镜分析、热重分析、X射线衍射分析等方法对硫酸软骨素螯合锌进行结构表征.利用...     

硫酸软骨素制剂在澳大利亚的应用概况

硫酸软骨素是结缔组织中蛋白聚糖的重要组成成分,已被广泛用来防治骨关节炎.本文简要综述了硫酸软骨素作为营养保健品的研究进展和澳大利亚市场上的相关产品.     

大麻哈鱼硫酸软骨素及其酸降解产物的抗氧化活性

目的以大麻哈鱼鼻软骨为研究对象,制备硫酸软骨素粗提物、醇沉产物和酸降解产物,对比分析其体外抗氧化活性。方法通过测定硫酸软骨素粗提物、醇沉产物和酸降解产物对DPPH·、·OH和O_2~-·自由基的清除特性,比较其抗氧化能力。结果醇沉产物对DPPH·没有明显的清除作用,粗提物和酸降解物产物对DPPH·有一定的清除作用,但后者的清除能力远大于前者。粗提物、醇沉产物和酸降解产物对·OH自由基均有明显的清除作用;粗提物和醇沉产物对O_2~-·自由基均无清除作用,但酸降解产物对O_2~-·自由基有较强的清除作用。酸降解产物对3种自由基的清除能力均较强,IC50值均小于1.5 mg/m L。结论大麻哈鱼鼻软骨硫酸软骨素酸降解产物的抗氧化活性最强。     

氨基葡萄糖和骨碎补联用对大鼠慢性骨关节炎的干预作用及机制

目的：探讨氨基葡萄糖（glucosamine,GLU）和骨碎补（drynaria rhizome,DR）联合用药对大鼠慢 性骨关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）的干预作用及机制。方法：关节腔注射白陶土-鹿角菜胶诱发大鼠急性骨关节 损伤,结合跑步运动,建立大鼠慢性OA模型。造模前开始灌胃,分别为750 mg/kg GLU（GLU单独作用组）、 150 mg/kg DR（DR单独作用组）、125 mg/kg GLU＋25 mg/kg DR（低剂量联合组）、250 mg/kg GLU＋50 mg/kg DR（中剂量联合组）、750 mg/kg GLU＋150 mg/kg DR（高剂量联合组）、无菌水（空白组、模型组）和2 mg/kg 双氯芬酸钠（diclofenac sodium,DS;阳性对照组）,直至6 周跑台运动后结束。测量大鼠骨关节肿胀 度;取膝关节制作石蜡组织切片,分别进行苏木精-伊红和番红-O-固绿染色,观察关节软骨组织学病理 变化;用酶联免疫吸附检测（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）法测定血清金属基质蛋白酶-3 （matrix metalloproteinase-3,MMP-3）、金属基质蛋白酶抑制剂（tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, TIMP-1）、诱导型NO合成酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）、白介素-1β（interleukin-1β, IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）水平,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶 （superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力,硝酸还原酶法测定血清和滑膜组织中NO浓度,免疫组化检测关节软骨Ⅱ型胶 原的表达情况。结果：与空白组相比,模型组大鼠关节肿胀,软骨破坏;血清中MMP-3、TIMP-1质量浓度和MMP-3/ TIMP-1质量浓度比值显著升高（P＜0.05）;iNOS活力、IL-1β、NO和TNF-α质量浓度显著增加（P＜0.05）; SOD活力和关节软骨Ⅱ型胶原含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,GLU和DR单独作用及中、高剂量联合 作用均能减轻关节肿胀,改善膝关节组织病理学异常现象;明显抑制血清MMP-3、TIMP-1、NO、IL-1β、TNF-α 质量浓度和iNOS活力的增加（P＜0.05）;抑制SOD活力的降低（P＜0.05）;抑制关节软骨Ⅱ型胶原含量的降低 （P＜0.05）。其中,高剂量联合组效果最好,然后依次是GLU、DR、中剂量联合组、低剂量联合组。结论：GLU 和DR单独和联合作用都能够减轻骨关节损伤,联合作用需要达到有效作用剂量才有明显的抑制作用。其作用机制 与调节MMP-3/TIMP-1平衡,增加SOD活力和Ⅱ型胶原含量,降低iNOS活力和IL-1β、TNF-α、NO水平有关。这些 研究为预防和治疗OA的功能性食品的研发提供了理论依据。     

海参硫酸软骨素对大鼠酒精性胃溃疡的保护作用

目的：探讨海参硫酸软骨素对大鼠酒精性胃溃疡的保护作用。方法：将32只大鼠随机分为4组：模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。采用酒精诱导胃溃疡模型,检测胃溃疡出血情况、溃疡指数、胃溃疡发生率及胃溃疡病灶部位组织学观察。结果：与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量对胃出血面积、溃疡指数均具有不同程度的降低作用。结论：海参硫酸软骨素能够明显降低大鼠胃的出血情况和溃疡面积,对胃溃疡有良好的防治作用。     

硫酸软骨素二糖对疲劳致小鼠肾脏炎症的改善作用

目的:研究硫酸软骨素二糖对疲劳诱发的肾脏炎症的改善作用。方法:24只Balb/c小鼠随机分成四组:正常组(N组)、疲劳应激组(M组)、正常小鼠干预硫酸软骨素二糖组(150 mg/kg·bw)(CS组)和疲劳应激小鼠干预硫酸软骨素二糖的(150 mg/kg·bw)组(S组)。将M组和S组小鼠置于电动轮跑步机上,速度为20r/min,跑步时间为3 h,持续运动2 d后休息5 d。实验周期为16 d,共运动6 d。随后测定各组小鼠肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及转化生长因子(TGF-β1)、核转录因子(NF-κB)、白介-6(IL-6)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)的mRNA表达量和NF-κB、IL-6、MCP-1的蛋白质表达量。结果:与N组相比,M组小鼠肾脏中SOD活性降低,MDA含量、TGF-β1的mRNA表达量以及NF-κB、IL-6、MCP-1的mRNA和蛋白质的表达量均极显著升高(p<0.01)。与N组相比,CS组小鼠肾脏SOD活性极显著提高(p<0.01)。与M组相比,S组小鼠肾脏SOD活性显著升高(p<0.05),MDA含量、IL-6以及MCP-1的mRNA表达量均极显著降低(p<0.01),IL-6以及MCP-1的蛋白质表达量均显著降低(p<0.05)。结论:硫酸软骨素二糖对疲劳引发的小鼠肾脏炎症具有显著的改善作用,且其机理可能与其改善肾脏氧化应激状态有关。     

增加骨密度保健食品配方规律及对监管研发建议

骨密度降低可能引发骨质疏松,骨质软化等疾病。预防骨密度降低是我国进入老龄化社会后,中老年人面对的一个现实问题。本文首次对我国近二十年来增加骨密度的已批准保健食品中配方配伍情况进行统计,以使用频数最高的碳酸钙和使用中药频数最高的淫羊藿为例,通过数据挖掘寻找原料之间配伍规律。统计发现以碳酸钙为原料的产品中,碳酸钙和氨基葡萄糖、硫酸软骨素常配对使用,三阶以上原料中氨基葡萄糖盐、硫酸软骨素、胶原蛋白、维生素D为常用原料;以淫羊藿为原料的产品中,常见与大豆提取物、骨碎补等原料配对使用,三阶以上原料中硫酸软骨素、大豆提取物、酪蛋白磷酸肽、维生素D为常用原料。本文通过寻找配方配伍规律,从监督管理的角度,对目前产品研发、注册审评过程中的原料使用依据,配伍科学依据进行分析,最后提出保健食品使用时原料使用安全性仍应该引起注意。     

硫酸软骨素的生产及其在骨关节炎中的应用

硫酸软骨素是一类重要的糖胺聚糖,具有软骨保护作用,可作为症状慢作用药物或膳食补充剂应用于骨关节炎的防治.本文介绍硫酸软骨素酶解-超滤法生产工艺及其在骨关节炎中的应用.     

超声波辅助法提取硫酸软骨素的工艺研究

以猪喉管为原料提取硫酸软骨素,使用超声波辅助手段进行碱处理,浸出液再用木瓜蛋白酶进一步去除蛋白质。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为超声波处理时间139min、超声功率491W、木瓜蛋白酶酶解pH6.8、酶加入量1.3:1000(mg/mL)、酶解温度45℃、酶解时间1h,该工艺制备得到硫酸软骨素为白色粉末得率达23.15%,澄清度0.038,蛋白质含量2.48%,氨基己糖含量30.52%,硫酸软骨素纯度86.06%,水分6.32%,pH6.7,各项指标完全符合国家相关标准要求。     

响应面法优化鹅全骨硫酸软骨素的酶法提取工艺

采用麻阳鹅鹅全骨为原料,以硫酸软骨素（chondroitin sulfate,CS）的提取率为指标,对运用碱提、复合酶解、醇沉法提取CS的工艺进行研究,确定使用胃蛋白酶进行酶解后,通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验,应用Box-Behnken实验设计建立二次多项式数学模型,进行响应面分析,确定胃蛋白酶酶解提取CS的最佳工艺参数。结果表明：碱提、复合酶解、醇沉法胃蛋白酶酶解提取鹅全骨CS的最佳工艺为加酶量1.55 g/L、酶解时间6.4 h、酶解温度42 ℃、pH值3.09,在此条件下CS的提取率为12.13%;通过高效液相色谱测定可知,提取物为CS和盐酸氨基葡萄糖。     

茼蒿对网球运动员身体运动表现研究

目的 茼蒿中含有喹啉类生物碱和甾甙类物质具有抗心动过速和降压、强心的作用,能够维持机体的电介质平衡,在运动过程中补充茼蒿可以提高运动表现,但是茼蒿对于辅助增加人体机能的机制还不清楚,因此,茼蒿作为运动补充剂来考察运动员的身体运动表现值得研究。方法 以9名网球运动员为研究对象,平均分为补充组、安慰组以及对照组,然后进行一个有安慰剂的双盲交叉实验。受试者在第7天完成茼蒿补充后进行10组网球场冲刺来回跑,在测试前、测试后以及测试中每完成2组网球场冲刺来回跑测定葡萄糖、血乳酸浓度以及总时间,在完成测试后不同时间段测量白介素-6(IL-6)水平。跑步后的第二天进行3RM的膝关节屈伸训练。接着受试者持续两周时间停止补充茼蒿测试验证。结果 茼蒿补充组在完成10组网球场冲刺来回计时跑后IL-6含量相对对照组有所减少(P>0.05)。(2)茼蒿补充组在完成10组网球场冲刺来回跑测试后1小时和24小时的血糖浓度升高(P>0.05)。(3)但用茼蒿补充组与对照组膝关节屈伸度与测试前相比没有明显变化(P>0.05),但是安慰剂组显著降低(P<0.05)。(4)安慰剂组与对照组在完成10组网球场冲刺来回跑的时间上基本相同,但是使用适量茼蒿补充后的网球运动员速度会稍微快一些。结论 茼蒿可以通过电介质平衡来增加肌肉功能,表现出肌肉恢复速度更快,从而有益于运动水平提高。     

Altering the ratio of dietary palmitic,stearic, and oleic acids in diets with or without whole cottonseed affects nutrient digestibility,energy partitioning,and production responses of dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying the ratio of dietary palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids in basal diets containing soyhulls or whole cottonseed on nutrient digestibility, energy partitioning, and production response of lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows were used in a split-plot Latin square design. Cows were allocated to a main plot receiving either a basal diet with soyhulls (SH, n = 12) or a basal diet with whole cottonseed (CS, n = 12) that was fed throughout the experiment. Within each plot a 4 × 4 Latin square arrangement of treatments was used in 4 consecutive 21-d periods. Treatments were (1) control (CON; no supplemental fat), (2) high C16:0 supplement [PA; fatty acid (FA) supplement blend provided ～80% C16:0], (3) C16:0 and C18:0 supplement (PA+SA; FA supplement blend provided ～40% C16:0 + ～40% C18:0), and (4) C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 supplement (PA+OA; FA supplement blend provided ～45% C16:0 + ～35% cis-9 C18:1). Interactions between basal diets and FA treatments were observed for dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield. Among the SH diets, PA and PA+SA increased DMI compared with CON and PA+OA treatments, whereas in the CS diets PA+OA decreased DMI compared with CON. The PA, PA+SA, and PA+OA treatments increased milk yield compared with CON in the SH diets. The CS diets increased milk fat yield compared with the SH diets due to the greater yield of de novo and preformed milk FA. The PA treatment increased milk fat yield compared with CON, PA+SA, and PA+OA due to the greater yield of mixed-source (16-carbon) milk FA. The PA treatment increased 3.5% fat-corrected milk compared with CON and tended to increase it compared with PA+SA and PA+OA. The CS diets increased body weight (BW) change compared with the SH diets. Additionally, PA+OA tended to increase BW change compared with CON and PA and increased it in comparison with PA+SA. The PA and PA+OA treatments increased dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared with PA+SA and tended to increase them compared with CON. The PA+SA treatment reduced 16-carbon, 18-carbon, and total FA digestibility compared with the other treatments. The CS diets increased energy partitioning toward body reserves compared with the SH diets. The PA treatment increased energy partitioning toward milk compared with CON and PA+OA and tended to increase it compared with PA+SA. In contrast, PA+OA increased energy partitioned to body reserves compared with PA and PA+SA and tended to increase it compared with CON. In conclusion, milk yield responses to different combinations of FA were affected by the addition of whole cottonseed in the diet. Among the combinations of C16:0, C18:0, and cis-9 C18:1 evaluated, fat supplements with more C16:0 increased energy output in milk, whereas fat supplements with more cis-9 C18:1 increased energy storage in BW. The combination of C16:0 and C18:0 reduced nutrient digestibility, which most likely explains the lower performance observed compared with other treatments.