钢铁行业节能减排方向及措施

一、钢铁行业节能减排现状 目前，钢铁工业的发展已面临资源和环境的双重制约，从长远来看，资源环境问题已是影响钢铁工业生存和发展的重大问题，只有转变增长方式，大幅度提高能源利用效率，以能源的有效利用促进钢铁工业的可持续发展，才能使钢铁工业有更大的生存和发展空间。     

钢铁行业节能减排方向及措施

目前，钢铁工业的发展已面临资源和环境的双重制约，从长远来看，资源环境问题已是影响钢铁工业生存和发展的重大问题，只有转变增长方式，大幅度提高能源利用效率，以能源的有效利用促进钢铁工业的可持续发展，才能使钢铁工业有更大的生存和发展空间。     

中国钢铁工业节能减排潜力及能效提升途径

 钢铁工业是典型的资源能源密集型行业，是节能减排重点行业之一。总结了中国钢铁工业“十二五”以来所取得的节能减排进展及存在的问题，采用动态物质流分析方法，构建了钢需求量和废钢回收量预测模型，基于35项重点节能减排技术评估，结合能源消耗与CO2排放模型，分析了中国钢铁工业到2050年的节能减排潜力并分析了各因素的影响。在此基础上提出了提升中国钢铁工业能效的若干途径，为钢铁工业的绿色低碳转型、可持续发展提供理论指导。     

中国铁矿资源与钢铁工业可持续发展--访原天津地质研究院院长、中国金属学会常务理事、教授级高工侯宗林

日前，围绕中国铁矿资源与钢铁工业可持续发展问题，记者专访了原天津地质研究院院长、中国金属学会常务理事、教授级高级工程师侯宗林。     

中国钢铁工业能源环境负荷分析及减负对策

首次依据钢铁工业的生产统计数据，剖析和总结了1980-2003年中国钢铁工业在钢产量、能耗和环境方面的重大变化以及取得的成绩；指出了中国吨钢能耗与发达国家相比的主要差距是矿钢比、铁钢比高。转炉、电炉和辅助工序能耗高；并认为今后20年中国钢铁工业节能降耗的主要方向是：优化生产工艺流程和结构调整，进一步降低有关工序的钢比系数和工序能耗，尤其是辅助工序的能耗，加强余热、余能的回收与利用，进而降低钢铁工业的环境负荷。     

中国钢铁工业国际产能合作案例特点分析及展望

钢铁工业全球化具有资源、技术、市场和人才全球化4个特征。中国钢铁工业在践行“一带一路”倡议上，已在铁矿资源获取、国际工程承包和钢材消费市场开发方面取得突破。计算了中国钢铁相关企业跨国指数，总结了钢铁工业国际产能合作现状，并给出合作成功案例的4个特点。对钢铁工业国际产能合作涉及的风险因素进行识别和影响分析，从相关政府部门和“走出去”企业层面分别给出合作建议，最后对钢铁工业国际产能合作进行展望。     

坚持科学发展观 实现钢铁工业可持续发展

一、我国钢铁工业发展的基本特点1.我国钢铁工业发展立足于中国国内市场钢铁工业是国民经济的重要基础产业,满足国民经济发展对钢铁产品的品种、质量、数量的需求,是我国钢铁工业发展的立足点。我国的资源相对不丰富,特别是能源紧张、铁矿石资源不足而且分散。钢铁行业能耗高、资源消耗量大、交通运输量大、污染物和废弃物排放多。综合考虑资源、能源、环境承受能力等各方面因素,决定了我国钢铁工业发展的定位,必须以满足我国国内市场需求为主。我国钢铁业应当积极参与国际交流与合作,适量地进口、出口钢铁产品,也是完全必要的;2005年进口钢…     

中国钢铁工业的新世纪

简要阐述了钢铁工业与经济增长的关系,分析了影响钢铁工业增长的因素和中国钢铁工业的发展环境,提出了中国钢铁工业的发展思路。     

新建大型钢铁联合企业的成本竞争力初步分析

当前中国钢铁工业发展中，由于市场的潜力导致扩张生产能力成为钢铁工业发展的主导力量。但是中国钢铁工业扩张生产能力已经日益受到矿石资源、资金、燃料、水资源、运输能力等因素的制约，形势日益严峻。在我国加入WTO的背景下，钢铁工业面临的竞争不再局限于国内，     

“三传一反”与“三环一网”——论现代高炉的再生

 “三传一反”是过程工业和过程工程的学科基础，为过程工程研究和设计的现代化提供了重要的理论保障。近年来，由于中国过程工业发展特点，导致资源和环境问题突出。为了更好地解决能源和环境问题，提出了“三传一反”与“三环一网”互补、协同的思路，希望从根本上解决过程工业出现的资源、能源和环境问题。所谓三环是指新工艺新技术符合环境(一环)要求；物质和能量实现行业内、设备内的循环(二环)；资源和能量实现全社会、跨行业、跨地区的循环(三环)利用和匹配。一网是构建煤基清洁气体能源网络，实现清洁能源自给自足，确保中国能源安全。中国能源以煤为主，直接用煤出现了能源浪费、大气污染、水污染等问题。然而煤作为不得不用的能源，只有清洁高效转化才是根本。高炉是钢铁工业的重要装备，由于近年来粗钢产能过剩、废钢循环、基建投资还本困难等问题，部分高炉面临拆除的风险，势必导致固定资产的浪费，因此如何寻找大中型高炉出路是摆在钢铁工业面前的现实问题。除了炼铁之外，高炉的能源转换和固废转化功能，还没有发挥出来。为此，提出高炉改成造气炉，利用中国资源量丰富的非焦煤型煤在高炉内气化，再利用气体净化技术，余热回收技术，实现煤的清洁转化，最终形成清洁气体能源网路。希望借助“三传一反”与“三环一网”互补理念，帮助过程工业，特别是能源工业和重工业发展。使中国钢铁工业从产量第一，向设备功能提升、装备升级、产品结构拓展等方向发展，实现产业升级、突破行业壁垒，实现过剩钢铁向煤基清洁能源的转变，助力过程工业的“弯道超车”。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。     

抗腐蚀高强耐磨涂料研发与应用

介绍了抗腐蚀高强度耐磨涂料的研制和开发，以及用作柳钢球团回转烘干机刮板保护涂层的应用效果。