参量变化对长程表面等离子体波特性的影响

为了掌握长程表面等离子体波的共振角度、共振峰半峰全宽以及衰减峰深度等重要特性,采用棱镜耦合激发介质-金属薄膜-介质对称结构中的长程表面等离子体波,研究了金属膜材料、厚度、介质折射率及介质厚度等参量变化时对长程表面等离子体波特性的影响。结果表明,实验中激发的长程表面等离子体波的衰减峰半峰全宽比传统的窄1~2个数量级;当介质膜厚度为500nm和1300nm时,激发的表面等离子体波的衰减深度只有薄膜厚度为700nm和1000nm时的1/2左右;随着介质膜厚度的增加,半峰全宽减小,金属膜越薄,衰减深度越深,衰减峰的半峰全宽值越小;介质膜折射率的改变对于半峰全宽的影响不明显;金属膜参量的变化将改变共振峰的位置。该研究为长程表面等离子体波的激发及应用于传感领域提供了有效依据,有利于其在波导和生物传感等方面的应用。     

脉冲激光烧蚀靶材产生的等离子体初始发展过程的诊断

用基于光偏转的光纤传感器研究了脉冲激光烧蚀铝靶产生的等离子体及冲击波的初始发展过程,实验结果表明,在距靶0．4mm内,冲击波与等离子体薄层未分离,一起离靶高速运动;在0．4mm处,等离子体薄层发生二次电离,电离使等离子体向电离中心的周围膨胀,造成等离子体中心密度低两侧密度高,同时使冲击波与等离子体分离;由于扩散作用,在0．4mm到0．7mm之间,等离子体由中心密度低两侧密度高过渡到中心密度高两侧密度低;0．7mm以后,等离子体传输速度减慢,信号波形展宽,幅度减小直至消失;冲击波与等离子体分离后其传播速度随传输距离而衰减,在8mm处衰减成声波。     

非磁化等离子体密度与目标雷达隐身的关系

对不均匀非磁化等离子体密度与目标隐身的关系进行了研究，给出了等离子体电子密度线性分布和指数分布时，雷达电磁波的频率、电子碰撞频率、等离子体密度对电磁波衰减的影响。研究发现，等离子体的自由电子密度越高，电磁波的能量衰减越快。     

电磁波在等离子体中的传播衰减

针对通信黑障的问题,文中从电磁波在等离子体中的传播特性出发,利用Matlab数值仿真,研究不同电磁波频段,不同等离子体参数,包括等离子频率、碰撞频率、等离子温度、压强等对电磁波传播衰减的影响,以及外加磁场作用下,不同极化的电磁波在等离子体层的传播衰减特性。研究结果表明:外加磁场可明显降低圆极化电磁波衰减,并且当外加磁场满足一定条件,大于最小磁场强度时,电磁波衰减小于10 dB;且同等条件下右旋极化比左旋极化电磁波的衰减更小,为了获得较小的电磁波衰减,右旋极化电磁波所需的磁场强度也小于左旋极化。     

Effective Length of a Receiving Antenna in a Streaming Plasma

The root-mean-square (r.m.s) voltage induced on a receiving dipole antenna by incident potential waves in a streaming otherwise isotropic plasma in the resonance frequency band is calculated. The open-circuit voltage on antenna terminals is the product of the wave electric field strength at the receiving point and the effective length of the receiving antenna$L_eff$. The effective length differs substantially from that in a non-streaming plasma for waves propagating downstream at frequencies close to the plasma frequency. The case of stream velocity lower than the electron thermal velocity is considered, which is of interest for wave measurements in the solar wind. We discuss some implications for relevant experiments in space plasmas, namely the appearance of narrowband lines in the spectra around local plasma frequency observed in the solar wind. The possible exaggeration of plasma wave amplitudes in conventional interpretations of measurements is pointed out.     

An E-J Collocated 3-D FDTD Model of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Magnetized Cold Plasma

A new three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical model is proposed herein to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation in an anisotropic magnetized cold plasma medium. Plasma effects contributed by electrons, positive, and negative ions are considered in this model. The current density vectors are collocated at the positions of the electric field vectors, and the complete FDTD algorithm consists of three regular updating equations for the magnetic field intensity components, as well as 12 tightly coupled differential equations for updating the electric field components and current densities. This model has the capability to simulate wave behavior in magnetized cold plasma for an applied magnetic field with arbitrary direction and magnitude. We validate the FDTD algorithm by calculating Faraday rotation of a linearly polarized plane wave. Additional numerical examples of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma are also provided, all of which demonstrate very good agreement with plasma theory.      

Nonuniform Layer Model of a Millimeter-Wave Phase Shifter

The electromagnetic wave propagation of millimeter waves in dielectric waveguides with thin surface plasma layers is characterized. The phase and attenuation of a 94-GHz wave are computed for various surface plasma layer thicknesses as a function of earner density levels. The electron/hole pairs generated in the vicinity of the dielectric waveguide surface by photo excitation are assumed to have an exponential profile due to either carrier diffusion or the exponential absorption of the optical field. Field computations made for a uniform plasma layer are compared with those of the nonuniform plasma to illustrate the effects of the exponential tails of the carrier profiles on both the phase and attenuation of the millimeter wave. The thin plasma layers slightly affect the field profile of the transverse electric modes (fields polarized parallel to the plasma layer). The transverse magnetic fields are highly distorted at plasma densities greater than 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/.     

相对运动等离子体平板与电磁波相互作用研究

高超声速飞行器在飞行过程中,由于高温高压的作用,会在飞行器表面形成一层等离子体鞘层,飞行器及其等离子体鞘层相对于地面测控中心做高速相对运动,对目标物电磁回波会带来严重影响.此外,等离子体鞘层的时变特性,也会对目标物雷达回波进行调制,使测控中心难以识别、跟踪目标.本文利用Lorentz-FDTD方法研究了相对运动等离子体鞘层与电磁波之间的相互作用,并分析了等离子体鞘层的相对运动特性和时变特性对电磁波造成的影响,发现运动的时变等离子体除了对电磁波造成多普勒频移外,还会对入射波频谱进行调制.     

高密度螺旋波等离子体源的应用进展

首先介绍了螺旋波的定义、螺旋波等离子体源产生等离子体所需条件的工作范围以及螺旋波等离子体源主要的一些应用.按照所加磁场范围的不同(分为在磁感应强度为100～1 600 Gs和在强磁场中两部分),分别进一步讨论了国内外各研究小组研制的等离子体源的运行参数及技术特点.随后介绍了螺旋波等离子体源在刻蚀、薄膜沉积和火箭推进三个...     

The influence of the longitudinal plasma wave on the propagation characteristics of a metal-clad-dielectric-slab waveguide

The influence of the longitudinal plasma wave on propagation characteristics of a metal-clad-dielectric-slab waveguide is discussed theoretically: the influences on propagating TM waves and on a surface plasma wave, respectively, appear at a wavelength shorter and longer than the plasma wavelength of the metal cladding.     

矩形激光脉冲辐照下半导体温度场理论研究

为了研究矩形激光脉冲辐照下半导体材料3维光生载流子浓度和温度场分布,采用本征函数法求得了等离子体波和热波随时间和空间变化的解析解。数值模拟了矩形激光脉冲辐照下半导体内光生载流子浓度和温度的时间变化规律以及温度沿径向的扩散规律。结果表明,光生载流子表面复合速率、寿命和扩散系数等参量对等离子体波和热波分布的时域特性有重要的影响,特别是在等离子体波和热波阶跃响应的上升和下降沿阶段;此外,多参量拟合灵敏度以及相关性分析表明,对阶跃响应曲线进行拟合可实现对半导体参量的单参量及双参量表征。该理论结果对于利用阶跃光激励的光热技术测量半导体材料参量具有一定的指导作用。     

A One-Dimensional Propagation of Shock Wave Supported by Atmospheric Millimeter-Wave Plasma

A shock wave supported by an atmospheric breakdown plasma caused by a high-power millimeter-wave beam was studied. The shadow graph image in a shock tube visualized the one-dimensional shock-wave generated by the millimeter-wave breakdown in atmosphere for the first time. It was revealed that a normal shock wave propagated through the tube at the constant velocity while it was detached from the ionization front of the plasma whenever the propagation velocity of the ionization front was supersonic or subsonic. And it was visually clarified that the atmospheric millimeter-wave breakdown had the combined structure of the normal shock wave and the heating region of the millimeter-wave plasma. The measured pressure of the shock front was as equal as the normal shock which propagated at measured Mach number.     

新型等离子体源及其应用

为适应半导体技术的快速发展,需要寻求一些新的等离子体源。介绍了两种比较新颖的等离子体源———表面波等离子体(SWP,surface wave plasma)和磁中性环路放电等离子体(NLD,mag-netic neutral loop discharge)。前者的设备没有磁场,且结构简单,工作温度低,易于大面积化;而后者的设备可以通过改变其中性环路直径方便地产生各种形状的等离子体,可用于高深宽比刻蚀,也可用于大面积刻蚀。与传统等离子体源相比,它们具有明显的优势,有望成为下一代等离子体源。     

碳纳米管束/介质界面表面波激发与传输特性

基于表面等离子体波产生的物理机理和其新颖特性,设计出能够激发太赫兹表面等离子体波的两种圆柱体周期性光栅结构模型.通过研究周期性阵列结构中表面等离子体波的色散关系,理论预测了表面等离子体波的共振频率,并在仿真实验结果中得到验证.通过观察表面等离子波电场的变化,结合理论详细分析了界面处表面波随各因素的变化规律.研究结果表明,垂直结构的碳纳米管束半径为24 m,栅周期为95 m时,激发的表面等离子波最强;而对于水平结构,半径为25 m,栅周期为120 m时,所激发表面等离子波最强.其研究结果对利用等离子波探测THz信号和THz传感器的设计有重要指导意义.     

Radiation from a Plasma Layer with a Strong Longitudinal Irregularity

The efficiency of conversion of the energy of a surface wave into radiation at longitudinal irregularities of a planar plasma layer is studied. The analysis is performed by the spectral expansion of the field in a complete set of surface and pseudosurface waves. The system of integro-differential equations for the coefficients of expansion that determine the amplitudes of the transmitted, reflected, and scattered waves as well as the radiation pattern is solved in the case of a rapid change in the plasma density. The coefficients of transformation of energy into the energy of radiation as functions of the gradient of the plasma density for different values of the electrical length of the region of plasma irregularity and the electric thickness of the plasma layer are found. Examples are demonstrated when the fraction of the energy of the surface wave transformed into radiation reaches 60–70%. Radiation patterns that proved to be highly directional and having one lobe with the maximum at an angle of a few degrees to the direction of propagation of the surface wave are calculated.     

等离子体鞘套中太赫兹波传输特性研究

采用散射矩阵方法(SMM)研究太赫兹波在非磁化、非均匀等离子体鞘套中的传输特性。在假定等离子体电子密度分布为双指数分布条件下,对太赫兹波斜入射等离子体时的功率反射系数、透射系数及吸收系数进行了仿真,还对其随太赫兹波的入射角度、太赫兹波的频率、等离子体的碰撞频率、等离子体分布形态的变化规律进行了总结。研究结果表明,在上述条件下,太赫兹波在等离子体中均有较好的传输特性。总体上来说,随着太赫兹波频率的提高,太赫兹波在等离子体中的透射性更好,可以考虑提升载频至太赫兹波段来解决通信黑障问题。     

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Terahertz Wave Propagation in Unmagnetized Plasma

The spacecraft will experience the well-known “blackout” problem when it re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere, which results in communication failures between the spacecraft and the ground control center. It is important to study the properties of terahertz (THz) wave propagation in plasma for communications using THz wave is an alternative method for solving the blackout problem. The properties of THz wave propagation in plasma have been studied with the ZT-FDTD (Z-Transform Finite Difference Time Domain) method and experimental method in this paper. The dependence of plasma density, plasma collision frequency, thickness of plasma and THz wave frequency on the THz wave propagation are presented. The properties of 0.22THz electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma have been studied experimentally with shock tube, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the FDTD ones. Both the FDTD and experimental results indicate that communications using THz wave is an alternative and effective way to solve the blackout problem.     

等离子体中电磁波色散关系的PIC粒子模拟

等离子体参数的变化对在其中传播的电磁波有重要影响,文章采用周期性边界条件的二维PIC粒子模拟程序对电磁波在等离子中的传播过程进行了数值模拟,给出了电磁波在不同密度等离子体中传播的色散关系,得到了电磁波在等离子体中的传播特性。其结果,将作为进一步实现电磁波与等离子体中空间电荷波产生波-波相互作用过程模拟的基础。     

激波管等离子体中太赫兹波传输特性仿真与实验研究

研究了太赫兹波在透射波窗口封闭的激波管中的等离子体中的传输特性,获得了传输衰减量随等离子体电子密度、碰撞频率、透波窗口材料以及电磁波频率的变化规律,并比较了相同条件下毫米波的传输特性.利用激波管为实验平台模拟产生高速飞行器等离子体,开展了太赫兹波在等离子体中传输特性实验.结果表明,太赫兹波在相同电子密度和碰撞频率的等离子体中衰减量比毫米波小得多;随着等离子体碰撞频率的增加,太赫兹波传输衰减量先增加后减小,透波窗口增加了太赫兹波的传输衰减;随着窗口材料的介电常数增加,太赫兹波反射率增加,太赫兹波传输衰减曲线出现周期性振荡,振荡周期约5 GHz;太赫兹波通信可能作为一种解决再入飞行器黑障问题的有效技术途径.     

激光冲击波加载金属材料中心压应力缺失效应

纳秒脉冲、千兆瓦级激光辐照金属材料产生高压等离子体冲击波,作用于金属材料表面并向内传播,产生残余压应力场.但在单次冲击加载时,残余压应力场中心出现的残余压应力值小于加载边缘,应用理论分析和实验测试的方法解释了这一过程,并结合激光诱导冲击波Fabbro方程和TC4钛合金动态响应模型,建立了不同形式冲击波加载TC4钛合金的数值仿真模型,分析了冲击波压力、作用时间和加载形式对中心压应力缺失的影响.