多稳态电磁俘能系统的非线性动力学实验研究

为克服共振式俘能器工作频带窄和压电式俘能器输出电流低等问题,设计了多稳态电磁式振动俘能系统.建立了系统的分数阶阻尼模型,通过实验揭示了多稳态电磁俘能系统的动态分岔、势能阱逃逸、高能态轨道和混沌运动等非线性行为.结果表明:采用庞加莱截面频闪采样算法和分岔图可有效刻画系统的非线性振动特性;利用多稳态电磁式俘能系统的非线性振...     

一种磁耦合激励的涡轮式压电气流俘能器EI北大核心CSCD

为满足气流管道监测系统的自供电需求,提出一种磁耦合激励的涡轮式压电气流俘能器。建立了俘能器的理论模型并进行了仿真分析,设计制作了样机并进行了试验测试,获得了磁铁排布、附加质量、压电振子串并联及负载电阻对其输出特性的影响规律。结果表明:在其他条件确定时,存在多个较佳气压使输出电压出现峰值,主频峰值的大小和分频的位置均与激励磁铁排布有关;通过附加质量可以调节最佳气压和输出电压峰值,采用多个不同附加质量的压电振子串联或并联可以拓宽俘能器的气压适应范围;存在不同的最佳负载使多个压电振子串联和并联时俘能器的输出功率达到最大,最佳负载及其所对应的最大输出功率分别为(40 kΩ,41 mW),(15 kΩ,50 mW)。     

基于磁性液体的磁浮式振动俘能器系统建模与输出性能分析

针对现有振动俘能器输出功率低、工作频带范围小等问题,提出了一种基于磁性液体的非线性磁浮式振动俘能器新型结构。提出新型俘能器的结构形式,分析其工作原理,建立磁偶极子非线性力学模型,对比仿真结果与试验数据,验证其准确性;分析磁性液体的二阶浮力和黏性阻尼,建立其数学模型,运用多尺度变换方法求解俘能器动力学方程的近似解,进而获得输出性能响应模型;分析三类系统结构参数和激励加速度变化对俘能器输出性能的影响,对比了有无磁性液体时俘能器的输出性能。结果表明：磁铁间距、悬浮磁铁与磁性液体的总质量和激励加速度能有效地改变俘能器的工作频率范围和输出功率幅值,而阻尼比主要影响输出功率幅值。新型俘能器输出电压峰峰值和输出功率峰值分别达到426.88 mV和0.56 mW,增加磁性液体后输出电压和功率分别提升了22.67%和75%,对比其它低频振动俘能器,具有较优的输出功率特性。新型磁浮式俘能器的结构形式与建立的动力学模型能为拓宽此类俘能器工作频带范围和增强输出功率性能提供新的解决思路,具有良好的参考价值。     

宽频压电振动俘能器的研究现状综述EI北大核心CSCD

随着便携式电子设备、微机电系统(MEMS)和无线传感器网络的广泛应用,化学电池供能的弊端日益显现。压电振动俘能器可以将环境中的振动能转换成电能,实现低功耗微电子产品的无线供能或能量自给。在实际应用中,为了增强俘能器的环境适应能力,提高其俘能效率,宽频压电俘能技术成为当前的研究热点。介绍了压电振动俘能器的工作原理、常用压电材料和工作模式,综述了宽频压电俘能技术的国内外研究现状,分析了当前研究中存在的问题和不足,提出了未来可能的研究方向。压电振动俘能技术为低功耗微电子产品提供了一种稳定、安全、长久的新供能方式,具有良好的应用前景。     

磁力非线性耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器发电性能试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对线性的压电振动俘能器俘能频带过窄,输出较低等问题,提出了一种磁力非线性耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器。俘能器由带永磁铁的I型压电梁和L型压电梁组成,可通过调节两永磁铁间的水平距离,得到不同的非线性磁力耦合效应。试验结果表明:存在最优电阻使压电俘能系统的输出功率最大;对比无磁力系统,磁力耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器共振频率发生了明显的偏移:I型压电梁向左偏移,L型压电梁向右偏移,拓宽了系统的俘能频带;当激励加速度为0.2 g水平距离为20 mm、激振频率为18.4 Hz时,俘能器最大可得到1.2 mW的输出功率。     

双向激励下非线性压电俘能系统的稳态响应分析EI北大核心CSCD

基于基础激励的多向性和实际环境中的低频率环境,研究了在固定基础端受到水平和垂直双向激励的附加端部质量块悬臂梁压电俘能系统的非线性稳态响应问题。通过Hamilton原理对一个附加端部质量块悬臂梁双晶片压电俘能系统模型的非线性偏微分方程进行理论推导和计算分析。假设此悬臂梁为轴向不可伸长的Euler-Bernoulli梁,此模型主要包含几何非线性和阻尼非线性。利用Galerkin法将非线性偏微分方程降阶得到双向激励作用下附加端部质量块悬臂式压电俘能系统的机电耦合运动微分方程。采用多尺度法研究压电俘能系统在其主要的一阶共振情况下的响应,获得了俘能系统的垂直位移、输出电压和输出功率的解析表达式。得到其主要一阶垂直位移幅值,输出电压幅值和输出功率幅值。分析了不同激励情况下,激励相位等对压电俘能系统俘能性能的影响。     

具有参数摄动的复杂柔性耦合隔振系统建模

针对目前复杂柔性隔振系统的数学模型与实际隔振系统之间存在的差异,将阻抗/导纳方法和矩阵传递法相结合,建立包括被隔离设备、多个电磁式主被动一体隔振器和柔性基础在内的复杂柔性耦合系统的状态空间模型。将相对于名义模型中隔振系统参数的变化量以虚拟回路增益的方式引入模型,建立具有参数摄动的隔振系统数学模型。在此基础上,通过矩阵变换的形式,推导出反映模态频率不确定的参数摄动的隔振系统模型,直观反映系统模态阻尼和模态频率的变化,为下一步复杂柔性耦合隔振系统的鲁棒控制器的设计提供依据。     

双自由度磁悬浮式轨道车辆振动俘能器的研究EI北大核心CSCD

提出了一种双自由度磁悬浮轨道车辆振动俘能器,该俘能器安装于轨道车辆转向架处,与单自由度磁悬浮轨道车辆振动俘能器相比振动能量收集效率得到显著提高。建立了双自由度振动俘能系统的物理以及数学模型,并对其动力学特性进行了分析,运用龙格库塔法计算得到双自由度俘能系统在简谐振动激励和轨道车辆垂向振动激励下的振动特性和输出功率并与单自由度俘能系统进行对比,研究结果表明:双自由度俘能系统共有两个共振峰,拓宽了俘能器的工作频带范围,通过改变尺寸参数可以提升系统针对目标频率的俘能效率;在简谐激励和轨道车辆振动激励下双自由度俘能系统的输出功率是单自由度俘能系统的1.5倍,能够高效俘获轨道车辆的振动能量。     

多参数耦合下电子枪静电聚焦特性分析

电子枪静电聚焦特性影响电子束焊接质量,目前没有系统的理论方法计算不同型号电子枪内反映静电聚焦特性的束腰参数。通过理论分析电子枪内轴上电位分布与电子束束腰半径和位置间的映射关系,阐释电子枪静电聚焦特性;采用CST仿真平台,以某电子枪为例,设置激励源参数和边界条件,构建某电子枪静电透镜分析模型,仿真不同结构参数下电子束束腰位置和束腰截面积,结合数值分析结果,探明不同结构参数对轴上电位的影响,验证电子枪静电透镜分析模型。仿真结果为电子枪关键参数的设计和优化提供理论支撑。     

拱形-线形非线性磁力耦合压电俘能器建模与特性分析

为分析拱形-线形非线性磁力耦合压电俘能器振动特性,利用磁化电流法建立了磁力模型,实验测量并通过数据拟合方法获取了拱形-线形结构非线性恢复力模型,利用广义Hamilton变分原理建立系统的动力学方程.采用谐波平衡法对动力学方程进行了求解,揭示了不同激励条件、不同磁距对俘能器振动特性的影响关系并开展实验研究.结果 表明:拱...     

Humidity-resistant,durable, wearable single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator for mechanical energy harvesting

Journal of Materials Science - With the rapid development of wearable, flexible, and portable electronic devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) as a possible power source with the features of...     

An empirical validation of a base-excitation model to predict harvestable energy from a suspended-load backpack system

Suspended-load backpacks have been proposed as a way to provide power for small electronic devices by capturing the mechanical energy generated by the vertical movement of the suspended load and converting it into electrical energy. The aim of the current study was to build a base excitation model able to predict the relative velocity of the load (an index of the amount of harvestable energy of such a system) using as inputs the mass of the suspended load, the walking speed and the leg length of the user. Nine human participants walked on a treadmill under two load conditions (15.8 kg and 22.6 kg load) and three walking speed conditions (1.16 m/s, 1.43 m/s and 1.70 m/s). The predictions of the load velocity by the base-excitation model under these conditions were then compared with the measured load velocity. The results of this study showed a moderately strong correlation (0.76) between the root mean square of the predicted and measured relative velocity of the load, and the average absolute error of these predictions was 24.2%. These results provide support for the utility of this approach and also provide motivation for further refinement of the base excitation model for the prediction of the amount of energy able to be harvested from suspended-load backpack systems.     

Hybridized triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerators and solar cell for energy harvesting and wireless power transmission

Energy harvesting and power transmission is a significant challenge for the self-powered technologies towards mobile electronic devices.Here,we propose a hybrid...     

Double synchronized switch harvesting (DSSH): a new energy harvesting scheme for efficient energy extraction

This paper presents a new technique for optimized energy harvesting using piezoelectric microgenerators called double synchronized switch harvesting (DSSH). This technique consists of a nonlinear treatment of the output voltage of the piezoelectric element. It also integrates an intermediate switching stage that ensures an optimal harvested power whatever the load connected to the microgenerator. Theoretical developments are presented considering either constant vibration magnitude, constant driving force, or independent extraction. Then experimental measurements are carried out to validate the theoretical predictions. This technique exhibits a constant output power for a wide range of load connected to the microgenerator. In addition, the extracted power obtained using such a technique allows a gain up to 500% in terms of maximal power output compared with the standard energy harvesting method. It is also shown that such a technique allows a fine-tuning of the trade-off between vibration damping and energy harvesting.     

Z型梁结构压电式能量采集性能分析

振动能量采集能够将外部环境中的振动能转化为电能,具有绿色可持续、节能环保、设计灵活等优势,在工业、生物、医学、军事等领域具有广阔的应用前景.为使振动型能量采集器适应更为复杂多变的工作环境,提高其采集功率和工作频带,提出一种多梁结构-Z型梁结构压电式能量采集器.理论分析了该采集器的固有振动特性,并通过有限元分析了结构尺寸...     

D类功放输出功率与效率的分析

随着音响系统的数字化以及便携式产品的市场化,D类功放作为模拟功放的替代产品,越来越被市场所接纳。但目前分析D类功放输出功率及效率还没有统一方法,文中利用数字功放的等效电路,分析了负载端输出电流的波形以及负载电流的平均值;建立了分析输出功率以及输出效率的较精确的数学模型,通过实验证明与实际相符。     

Output power enhancement of a palmtop terahertz-wave parametric generator

Broadband terahertz (THz) waves were generated by optical parametric processes based on laser light scattering from the polariton mode of a nonlinear crystal. By using the parametric oscillation of a MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystal pumped by a nanosecond Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, we have realized a broadband, high-energy and compact THz-wave source. We report the development of a THz-wave parametric generator (TPG) using a small pump source with a short pulse width and a top-hat beam profile. These characteristics of the pump beam permit high-intensity pumping especially close to the output surface of the THz wave without thermal damage to the crystal surface. We also calculated the outcoupled THz wave for beams with two different intensity profiles: a top-hat beam (in this experiment) and a Gaussian beam (previously reported). The result shows the mechanism of the output energy and/or power enhancement.     

Investigation of electrostrictive polymers for energy harvesting

The recent development of electrostrictive polymers has generated new opportunities for high-strain actuators. At the current time, the investigation of using electrostrictive polymer for energy harvesting, or mechanical to electrical energy conversion, is beginning to show its potential for this application. In this paper we discuss the mechanical and electrical boundary conditions for maximizing the energy harvesting density and mechanical-to-electrical coupling of electrostrictive materials. Mathematical models for different energy harvesting approaches were developed under quasistatic assumptions. Energy harvesting densities then are determined for representative electrostrictive material properties using these models. Comparison with a magnetic-based energy harvesting system suggests that electrostrictive energy harvesting systems are preferable for "small" energy harvesting applications with low-frequency excitation.