介孔炭作为加氢脱硫催化剂载体材料的研究

以介孔硅SBA-15为模板,焦糖和呋喃醇为碳源,通过多种浇注法制备介孔炭材料.采用低温氮吸附、透射电镜和X射线小角衍射分析模板及介孔炭的织构.结果显示合成的介孔炭成功地复制了SBA-15的结构.以制备的介孔炭作载体担载钴钼合成了加氢脱硫催化剂,利用X射线能谱、透射电镜能量分布谱及一氧化氮化学吸附评估了催化剂的活性及活性点分布,结果表明介孔炭担载的催化剂活性高于活性炭担载的同类催化剂.     

无外加酸体系中AlSBA-15为模板,有序介孔炭材料CMK-3的合成与表征

在无外加酸体系中改变晶化温度合成Al SBA-15介孔材料,并以此为刚性模板,蔗糖为碳源,合成出一系列具有不同孔结构的有序介孔炭材料CMK-3,系统考察晶化温度对Al SBA-15和其反相复制结构CMK-3孔道结构的影响。结果显示在无外加酸合成体系中改变晶化温度可对Al SBA-15的孔道结构进行有效调控,通过结构复制技术可制备出具有不同结构的CM K-3。控制刚性模板Al SBA-15的晶化温度为90℃,所得介孔炭材料CM K-3(CM K-3(90))结构最佳,除介孔排列高度有序外,还具有高比表面积(1688 m2·g-1)和大孔容(0.95 cm3·g-1)。另外,对CMK-3的微孔性质与刚性模板孔壁中的次级介孔结构的内在联系进行研究,发现调变刚性模板的晶化温度可以有效改善有序介孔炭材料CMK-3的结构性质。     

简易合成不同孔径尺寸的半石墨化有序介孔炭

以SBA-15介孔硅为模板,硼酸为扩孔剂,调控合成出不同孔径尺寸的半石墨化有序介孔炭.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、氮气吸附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重(TG),以及拉曼(Raman)光谱等手段对样品的成分、结构和形貌进行了分析.结果表明:通过合成过程添加硼酸的方法可以实现对介孔炭材料的孔径在3nm～7nm范围内精确调控,而且合成的介孔炭材料具有半石墨化的墙壁结构.该方法简单易行,对介孔炭材料的孔结构调控合成具有很好的应用价值.     

SBA-15介孔材料的改性及应用

在介绍介孔分子筛SBA-15改性原理及合成工艺优化研究状况的基础上,从有机基团改性、负载固体酸、金属掺杂及金属化合物掺杂等4个方面详细综述了SBA-15介孔材料在催化领域的应用现状,同时论述了其在吸附、测定与分离、药物输送、制备新材料领域的研究与应用,并展望了SBA-15介孔材料未来的研究方向。     

有序介孔炭合成、改性及其对汞离子的吸附性能

以有序介孔硅基材料(SBA-15)为模板,内烯酸低聚物为前驱物合成有序介孔结构的炭材料(OMC),并以化学方法将含氮基官能闭嫁接在有序介孔炭的表面.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),红外光谱(FT-IR),X射线衍射(XRD)和氮气吸附-脱附(BET)对介孔炭进行表征.结果表明:表面改性后有序介孔炭的结构发生一定变化,但孔道特征仍保持二维六方有序性.合成的有序介孔炭及经乙二胺表而改性后胺化有序介孔炭的比表而积、平均介孔直径、平均孔容积分别为607 m2/g,4.1 nm,0.62 cm3/g和558 m2/g,3.8 nm,0.58cm3/g.对有序介孔炭及改性有序介孔炭进行的汞吸附实验,发现表面改性前后有序介孔炭对Hg(II)的吸附性能发生显著变化.嫁接胺基功能团后,其吸附容量增加一倍,表明胺基改性的OMC对汞有亲和作用.     

纳米颗粒磁增强SBA-15介孔复合材料的制备及磁性能

利用浸渍法合成了Co₃O₄/SBA-15和CoFe₂O₄/SBA-15介孔纳米磁性材料, 并利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的微观结构和磁性能进行了分析。结果显示, Co₃O₄及CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒分布在SBA-15介孔材料的孔道中, 可有效提高SBA-15介孔材料的磁性能。研究发现, SBA-15介孔纳米磁性材料的磁特性由掺杂的纳米磁性颗粒的性质决定, 其磁性能随Co₃O₄及CoFe₂O₄含量的增加而升高, 矫顽力可达400Oe, 饱和磁化强度达9emu/g。      

山西煤化所在磷掺杂炭材料表面化学研究方面取得进展

正磷掺杂是调控炭材料表面性能的重要手段,在能源存储与转化领域受到广泛关注。近期,中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所陈成猛团队在磷掺杂炭材料表面化学机制研究方面取得进展。前期工作中,该团队以无烟煤为原料,通过磷酸活化合成了介孔炭材料。研究发现磷酸在活化造孔的同时,还具有同步掺磷的     

镧(Ⅲ)对SBA-15分子筛改性研究

借助水热法,利用三嵌段共聚物聚(1,2-亚乙基二醇)-嵌段-聚(丙二醇)-嵌段-聚(1,2-亚乙基二醇)为模板剂,正硅酸四乙酯为硅源,强酸性条件下制备了分子筛SBA-15.分别以水及水+乙醇为介质采用LaCl₃溶液与煅烧的主体材料SBA-15分子筛固-液相交换法,制备了La-(SBA-15)复合材料.利用化学分析、粉末XRD、N₂吸附技术、IR评价了制备方法的有效性及对SBA-15分子筛孔结构的影响.结果表明,镧已并入SBA-15分子筛中,SBA-15内表面上的硅羟基团是镧进入的主要位置,部分客体在分子筛孔道内.制得的材料La-(SBA-15)保持高度有序的介孔二维六角结构,不改变载体SBA-15的介孔孔道结构.此外,考察了La-(SBA-15)产物的发光现象.     

氮掺杂微孔-介孔多级孔炭材料及其电化学性能

以三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为炭源,以F127为模板剂,采用自组装结合后活化的方法制备具有微孔-介孔多级孔结构的氮掺杂炭材料(NHPC),并对这类材料的电化学性能进行了研究。N_2吸附和TEM分析表明,KOH的活化过程可以在介孔的孔壁上产生微孔,但没有破坏材料原有的介孔结构。电化学分析表明所制备的NHPC对I~-和I_3~-之间的氧化还原反应具有较高的电催化活性,同时也具有优异的电容性能。NHPC所表现的优异电化学性能可归因于氮的掺杂、特殊的多级孔结构及较大的比表面积,这一方面保证了电解质能够在材料多级孔体系中快速传输、同时又能保证材料具有较高的有效表面积。     

Fe3O4/壳聚糖磁性微球功能化SBA-15介孔分子筛的合成

通过反相悬液交联法制备出了Fe3O4壳聚糖磁性微球,以3-丙胺基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为硅烷偶联剂,采用后修饰法得到硅烷化SBA-15介孔分子筛.以戊二醛为交联剂将Fe3O4壳聚糖磁性微球接枝在硅烷化SBA-15介孔分子筛上.运用X射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱等手段对Fe3O4壳聚糖磁性微球(MCS)接枝后的硅烷化SBA-15介孔分子筛进行了表征.分析结果表明,Fe3O4壳聚糖磁性微球通过硅烷偶联剂以化学键形式结合在SBA-15介孔分子筛上.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.