聚丙烯树脂对薄膜应用性能的影响研究

通过对国外5种不同牌号聚丙烯树脂拉伸的电力电容器用薄膜的基本理化电气性能与苄基甲苯的相容性、与浸渍剂复合介质的电气性能—模型电容器的性能进行对比试验研究,指出了不同牌号的聚丙烯树脂薄膜对电力电容器应用性能的影响.     

低密度聚乙烯薄膜的结构变化对电气击穿特性的影响

为了研究结构变化对电气击穿的影响，本文对先在温度为100℃的硅油中加热60分钟，然后以不同方式冷却的低密度聚乙烯薄膜进行了直流击穿和交流击穿试验。对于分别在空气中缓慢冷却、在水中冷却、以及在液氮中冷却的样品和原始样品，其结晶度是用红外吸收和X线衍射法来测定的。作为试验的结果，测得的结晶度分别为从347％～70．23％。晶体的大小和分布用不同的扫描量热计法测量。在温度为30和50℃时，由于结晶度下降和热电子击穿过程的减弱，样品的脉冲击穿强度提高。随着温度的升高，脉冲击穿强度减小，这就意味着Frohlich型击穿理论。直流击穿强度在低温区几乎与结晶度无关，但在高温区则与结晶度有关。     

国外聚酰亚胺薄膜概况及其应用进展

聚酰亚胺薄膜具有优良的综合性能,在航空航天工业、电气电子工业和信息产业等领域具有许多胜任。本文简要介绍了近年来国外开发的新的功能性聚酰亚胺薄膜产品以及在应用技术方面的新进展。     

耐热切通性优异的辐照交联高密度聚乙烯绝缘料的研究

高密度聚乙烯树脂具有优良的电气性能和物理机械性能,电子束辐照交联又可赋予它突出的耐热切通性,因此是电器高压工上接线绝缘的理想树脂材料。但高密度聚乙烯照交联过程中,拉伸强度及断裂伸长率下降很快,常常不能满足电线产品的要求,本文先对高 聚忆烯树脂进行共混改性,再进行辐照交联,制出适合于挤出工艺要求的电气性能、耐热切通性均很优异的辐照交联高密度聚乙烯绝缘料。     

聚酰亚胺薄膜的生产方法,和用这种方法生产的聚酰胺薄膜

本发明关于聚酰亚胺薄膜材料,以及用溶剂流涎法生产这种材料的过程。由溶液流涎而成的薄膜,在蒸发掉薄膜中的一少部份溶剂后,拉伸薄膜,可使其分子取向用这种方法制造的典型薄膜。在应力的作用下断裂伸长率为10％到25％。现已发现,具有优异性能的聚酰亚胺薄膜,可用新颖的溶液流涎法和溶剂水处理的方法制成,这一方法能制成取向的聚合物水凝胶。     

分散剂对炭黑/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜性能的影响

以4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为二胺,均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)为二酐,不同类型分散剂表面处理的炭黑为遮光填料,制备了一系列黑色聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,探讨分散剂对炭黑/PI薄膜表面形貌和性能的影响.结果表明:经分散剂表面处理后的炭黑在PI基体中的分散性及有机-无机的界面相容性得到提升,降低了炭黑团聚程度,提高了薄膜的性能;当采用YK-3(改性嵌段聚合物)分散剂处理炭黑时,薄膜的表面形貌和性能最佳,其电气强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别为145 kV/mm、146 MPa、38％,光透过率接近0.     

成型方式对XLPE/OMMT纳米复合材料介电性能的影响

为了研究压制成型法和挤出成型法对纳米复合材料介电性能的影响,分别采用两种成型方式制备了交联聚乙烯/有机化蒙脱土（XLPE/OMMT）纳米复合材料。探讨了不同复合材料中有机化蒙脱土的层间距变化对复合材料电阻-温度特性、介电常数和介质损耗以及电气强度的影响。结果表明：成型加工过程中的力场作用会影响OMMT的插层分散效果;挤出成型过程中的拉伸应力使试样中OMMT片层沿拉伸方向进行取向,形成了规整排列单元,载流子的迁移运动受到阻碍,从而改善了试样的电阻-温度特性;聚合物分子链段的运动受限于取向的片层间,使试样中偶极子的极化率降低,使得介电常数和介质损耗因数减小;同时,OMMT的有效插层与聚合物形成的杂化结构使电子产生漫反射现象,延长了电子运动路径,提高了挤出成型试样的电气强度。     

35kV含氟交联聚乙烯绝缘料

含氟聚合物加工助剂（FPA）用于35KV交联聚乙烯（XLDPE）高压电缆绝缘料中，可降低XLDPE的挤出压力，提高XLDPE电缆的表面光洁度，对交联度和高压绝缘性能无影响。     

磁控溅射制备免退火钴酸锂正极薄膜的研究

采用射频磁控溅射法制备钴酸锂正极薄膜,通过对溅射功率的研究,制备出不需要进行退火处理仍具有60μAh/(cm2·μm)的比容量的正极薄膜.采用×射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对钴酸锂薄膜的结构和形貌进行了研究,并分析了其对钴酸锂薄膜正极性能的影响.结果表明不同功率制备的钴酸锂薄膜具有不同的结晶取向和结晶度,其对正极薄膜的性能有具有决定性的影响,适合的功率下制备的钴酸锂薄膜在不退火处理的情况下仍具有较高的容量和较好的循环性能.同时研究了采用磁控溅射的铝薄膜作为集流体,代替铂或金等贵金属薄膜集流体,大幅减低了薄膜电池正极的制备成本.     

BOPI薄膜生产线的组成及其主要结构的设计要点

本文概述了双轴拉伸聚酰亚胺薄膜生产线构成、特点以及从设计角度论述了生产机组中主要部件的作用，设计中主要考虑和应该重视的问题。     

Effects of manufacturing technology on electrical breakdown and morphology of thin films of low density polyethylene blended with polypropylene copolymer

Extruded films prepared from blends of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and random copolymer of ethylene and propylene (EP) with the T-die method were studied with respect to electrical properties and morphology. Comparisons with data on blown films are made. These blends are of interest as improved LDPE for making XLPE for insulated power cable. In the high temperature region (90/spl deg/C), a specimen with a slightly higher EP content had higher impulse breakdown strength than that with a lower EP content, but no improvement of DC breakdown strength by blending could be found. The improvement of impulse breakdown strength (90/spl deg/C) is explained in terms of morphological changes by blending such as the orientation of chains in a film and the size of spherulites on the assumption of the thermal breakdown. In comparison, a T-die film had higher impulse breakdown strength than that of a blown film for the same composition. The impulse breakdown strength also increased with the use of the higher density LDPE. In the current versus electric field characteristics at 30/spl deg/C, the blend polymer with EP content of 5-10% showed a transition from LDPE behavior at low field region to EP behavior at high field region. However, no appreciable difference in current behavior among the specimens was observed at 90/spl deg/C, which suggests an incompatibility between the two materials that exists at 30/spl deg/C but not at 90/spl deg/C.     

冷却介质对低密度聚乙烯电树枝老化特性的影响

低密度聚乙烯是电力电缆的主要绝缘材料,电树枝生长特性分析是评估电缆绝缘性能的基础。为此选用冰水、空气和硅油3种不同介质对聚乙烯进行淬火处理,采用针板电极设计出试样的电树枝生长实验系统,通过实时数字显微摄像系统对试样中电树枝生长过程进行了观测,采用差示扫描量热法分析了试样的结晶度和晶粒尺寸均匀性,采集了试样的局部放电数据并对数据进行了统计分析。试验与分析结果表明:硅油冷却聚乙烯电树枝增长速度与扩散系数均小于冰水、空气冷却试样;3种试样中,硅油冷却聚乙烯结晶度最高,晶粒尺寸分布最均匀,放电量与放电重复率较低;冰水冷却聚乙烯结晶度最低,放电量与放电重复率较高。     

空间电荷对低密度聚乙烯电气击穿特性的影响

为解决聚乙烯用作电线电缆绝缘材料时所受空间电荷问题的困扰,采用在低密度聚乙烯(low density po-lyethylene,LDPE)试品上施加直流预电压使其中积聚一定量的空间电荷,然后测量试品击穿强度的方法,研究了空间电荷对LDPE击穿特性的影响。结果表明,与未经过预电压处理的LDPE的击穿强度相比,在经过较低场强(50 kV/mm)预电压处理后,预电压与击穿电压极性相同时击穿强度提高了约9%,极性相异时击穿强度降低约14%;而经过较高场强(150 kV/mm)预电压处理后,预电压时LDPE中出现空间电荷包现象,预电压后同极性击穿强度提高约19%,而异极性击穿强度反而上升约16%。分析认为空间电荷包在LDPE中的运动导致了部分空间电荷的中和,使得空间电荷积聚量减少,同时LDPE中可能的缺陷得到了一定程度的老炼而使介质得到了均匀化,从而使LDPE的击穿强度得到了提高。     

High‐field electrical properties under AC voltage application in acetophenone‐coated LDPE film

This paper deals with the effects of acetophenone coating on dielectric properties such as tan δ and capacitance and on space charge formation up to electrical breakdown under AC voltage application in low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) film. The existence of acetophenone at the electrical interface enhances tan δ. tan δ in acetophenone‐coated specimens increased with electric field and decreased with the frequency in the high‐field and high‐temperature region. AC breakdown test revealed that the electric strength in noncoated specimens was higher than in acetophenone‐coated specimens, and that the electric strength also decreased with temperature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(3): 1–7, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10086     

电声脉冲法测量聚合物绝缘表面陷阱能级分布

对紫外光老化不同时间的低密度聚乙烯(low-density polyethylene,LDPE)试样及3%含量的纳米氧化锌(ZnO)粒子与LDPE复合材料试样进行了交流击穿实验,结果表明纯LDPE试样的击穿强度随光老化时间的增加逐渐降低,3%含量的纳米ZnO粒子与LDPE复合材料的击穿强度光老化后基本保持不变。通过对老化前后试样的老化面分别进行电晕放电注入负电荷,并采用电声脉冲法测量短路状态下表面注入电荷随时间的衰减特性,通过公式推导计算得出试样老化面的陷阱能级分布。结果表明,纳米ZnO粒子不仅能提高聚乙烯的光稳定性,还通过成核和界面作用减少聚乙烯体内深陷阱密度,增加浅陷阱密度。     

用电子束辐照注入电荷包研究低密度聚乙烯中的电荷迁移率

通过研究外加电场强度50k V/mm以下低密度聚乙烯中的空间电荷包行为,使用一种多层结构的受辐照的双面粘贴聚氟乙烯薄膜低密度聚乙烯样品,通过电子束辐照在样品内部形成"波包"分布,在外加电场强度较低时形成电荷包,使用激光压力波法监测电荷包迁移。结果表明,以电荷包峰值位置为参考点,在样品内实际电场下电荷包平均迁移率分布范围为(0.17~3.01)×10?15m2/(V·s)。通过对不同外加电场强度下的空间电荷包行为的研究得到,电荷包迁移速率与电场强度关系符合负微分迁移率假设模型,从而证明了在较低的电场强度下负微分迁移率模型的正确性。     

High‐field electrical properties of new LDPE films prepared using metallocene catalyst

Now low‐density polyethylene (M‐LDPE) prepared using metallocene catalyst has narrower composition distribution and molecular weight distributions than linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) using Ziegler catalyst. The authors compared the electrical insulating properties of M‐LDPE films and conventional LLDPE films. The high‐field current of M‐LDPE was found to be lower than that of LLDPE. The difference in current increased with the decrease of temperature. The high‐field current was much reduced in M‐LDPE with a low melting point. The impulse breakdown strength of M‐LDPE increased with the decrease of temperature. The insulating properties of M‐LDPE with a low melting point were improved at 30 °C. These results were explained by the fact that M‐LDPE with a low melting point includes more low‐molecular‐weight components. We also discuss the effects of antioxidant on the electrical properties of M‐LDPE. We compared the electrical conduction and breakdown strength of undoped M‐LDPE and antioxidant‐doped M‐LDPE. Differences in their electrical properties were minor. It was found that the excellent properties of M‐LDPE do not depend on the effects of antioxidant. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(2): 1–9, 2000     

改性纳米Fe3O4与低密度聚乙烯组成复合介质的介电谱分析

纳米Fe3O4是典型的顺磁性材料,将其与低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene,LDPE)复合,会给LDPE基体的磁、电等性能带来影响。为研究纳米Fe3O4加入对LDPE介电性能的影响,采用共沉淀法制备纳米级Fe3O4,并用不同方法对其进行改性,制备了不同条件的纳米Fe3O4粒子。将此纳米Fe3O4按质量分数0.25%～1%分别以熔融共混法与LDPE复合制得Fe3O4与LDPE的复合材料。以宽频介电谱仪进行了该Fe3O4与LDPE复合材料介电谱的研究,试验结果表明:纳米Fe3O4的加入及磁化对LDPE的介电常数和介电损耗均有影响,且其大小与掺杂方法及纳米Fe3O4质量分数有关。     

茂金属聚乙烯改善低密度聚乙烯的介电性能

针对高压、超高压直流塑料电缆中存在的空间电荷效应,大多数直流电力电缆常采用改性方法提高其介电性能,如空间电荷特性、体积电阻率和击穿强度等。常用的改性方法主要有添加剂、共混、接枝和二元共聚4种。共混技术较广泛用以改性聚乙烯电缆,提高其介电性能。因此用电声脉冲法(PEA)测量了MPE与LDPE共混试样中的空间电荷分布;用高阻计测量了共混物的体积电阻率,用阶梯电压测量了共混物的交流击穿场强。试验结果表明,1%MPE与LDPE共混能有效降低空间电荷效应,提高交流击穿场强7.9%,略降低体积电阻率。最后讨论了共混物的物质结构、电荷陷阱及介电性能间的关系。     

Water diffusion into and electrical testing of composite insulator GRP rods

This paper describes water diffusion into and electrical testing of unidirectional glass reinforced polymer (GRP) composite rods used as load bearing components in high voltage composite (non-ceramic) insulators. The tests were performed following ANSI standard C29.11 Section 7.4.2 that can be used to evaluate electrical properties of composites. The unidirectional composite rod materials based on either E-glass or ECR-glass fibers with modified polyester, epoxy and vinyl ester resins were investigated. Two types of ECR-glass fibers were considered, namely high and low seed (voids). The effects of composite surface sandblasting, mechanical pre-loading and nitric acid exposure on the electrical properties of the composites were studied. In addition to the required data of the ANSI standard, the specimen mass gain was also measured after boiling for 100 h. Most importantly, there was no correlation found between the mass gain and the leakage current for different composites. The materials with high seed ECR-glass fibers had much higher leakage currents and they absorbed less moisture than the composites based on either the low seed ECR-glass fibers or E-glass fibers. It was shown in this work that different types of sandblasting, as well as mechanical preloading with and without acid exposure had a negligible effect on the leakage currents and water mass gain of the composite specimens.