双碳战略下规范碳排放核算体系的建立

分析当前碳核算工作中存在的问题，结合国内开展碳排放核算工作实际情况和国际上通用性碳排放核算等相关标准，总结出改善国内碳排放核算技术指南标准和建立产品碳足迹数据库的应对措施，逐步构建统一规范的碳排放统计核算体系，助力我国双碳战略目标接轨国际标准，提升我国在国际碳排放事务中话语权。     

合成氨企业碳排放核算案例分析

介绍了我国对合成氨企业碳排放的核算要求,以某合成氨企业为案例进行碳排放核算,分析了核算的要点与结果,提出了企业做好碳排放核算工作的建议。企业应从管理层面上对碳排放核算工作进行规范,设立专岗专人专责;应完善统计计量体系,对碳排放相关活动水平数据和排放因子数据从监测计划、数据记录、汇总报告、仪表维护等方面按信息流向进行精细化管理;应掌握并提升碳排放核算技术要求,定期开展碳排放核算工作内部审核,分析数据的合理性,及时解决问题,并建立健全的企业碳排放管理体系。     

催化裂化装置碳排放影响因素分析

基于炼化企业CO₂排放量标准计算方法，通过对影响催化裂化装置碳排放的装置规模、焦炭产率、反应器类型及原料构成等进行核算与分析，明确各因素对催化裂化装置碳排放的影响程度和特征，为炼化企业制定主要碳排放单元装置减排方案提供参考借鉴，助力“双碳”目标实现和能源转型及清洁化生产。     

燃煤使用过程中影响碳排放量的因素分析

依据《发电设施核算指南》中碳排放量的核算要求以及近两年来的实践经验，对影响自备电站碳排放量的因素进行分析，得出控制排放量的关键因素及主要途径，以及就核算过程中需注意的几项关键事项进行了重点的说明。     

双碳目标下燃煤电厂碳计量方法研究进展

碳计量是碳交易市场稳定发展的基石,是国家制定碳减排政策的数据依据。燃煤电厂作为我国最大的碳排放源之一,准确量化燃煤电厂碳排放量对我国双碳目标的达成具有重要意义。首先,介绍了国内外碳核算标准及相关政策,欧美等发达国家发展较早,初步形成了各自的碳排放计量方法体系。美国火电厂主要采用实测法核算碳排放量,将相关技术标准和规范写入法规,规定25 MW以上燃煤机组必须采用实测法并上交温室气体强制性报告;欧盟目前的碳计量采用核算法和实测法并行,根据电厂碳排放量划分层级并规定不确定度要求,同时欧盟的碳交易市场发展迅速,为其他国家碳交易市场建设提供参考。相比欧美等发达国家,我国目前尚缺少完整的碳核算体系,实测法处于初步发展阶段,缺少碳核算数据库,标准体系有待完善。其次,基于核算法和实测法分别介绍了目前燃煤电厂碳计量的排放因子法、物料衡算法、实测法、生命周期法和模型法的发展现状,并对其优缺点和适用范围进行总结。排放因子法应用范围最广,计算过程较简单,但直接运用IPCC指南的排放因子缺省值计算我国燃煤电厂碳排放误差较大;物料衡算法利用碳平衡计算燃煤电厂碳排放量,但计算中间过程较多,需完整数据才可获得准确的碳...     

某污水处理厂碳排放核算研究

本文分析了污水处理行业的能耗现状和污水污泥低碳化处理的关键技术,参考已经建立的污水处理厂碳排放核算方法,并以某污水处理厂为例,对其正常运行下的碳排放量和碳减排量进行了核算评估,分析其碳排放特征以及在节能降耗、低碳运行等方面的效果.结果表明:耗电和药剂使用导致的间接碳排放是污水处理厂碳排放的主要来源,占污水处理厂总碳排放...     

垃圾分类后焚烧厂碳排放变化情况研究

碳排放核算中,化石组分燃烧产生的CO₂属正碳排放,可降解有机组分燃烧产生的CO₂不计入。垃圾分类后,焚烧厂入炉可降解有机垃圾量减少,碳排放核算受到影响。本文选取浙江某市垃圾焚烧发电项目为研究对象,基于政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)2019清单指南对垃圾分类后该厂碳排放变化情况进行了分析。     

水泥企业碳核查案例分析

国内水泥行业碳排放核查由于各地核查机构的规范性、专业性存在差异,对核算结果的准确性产生一定影响。围绕某企业的2000t/d和3000t/d生产线碳排放核算实例,详细介绍了较为准确的核算方法,并分析这两条生产线各环节碳排放量过大的原因,提出了针对性的技改措施。     

《再生橡胶生产碳排放核算》《橡胶粉生产碳排放核算》团体标准启动研讨会线上召开

<正>12月22日,中国轮胎循环利用协会召开《再生橡胶生产碳排放核算》《橡胶粉生产碳排放核算》二项团体标准启动研讨会线上会议。中国轮胎循环利用协会会长朱军出席会议并讲话。中国轮胎循环利用协会执行副会长、再生橡胶分会会长、三河市长城橡胶有限公司董事长王万友,执行副会长、橡胶粉及应用分会会长、天津海泰环保科技发展股份有限公司董事长余强,协会秘书长朱玉珍,协会监事长庞澍华,协会再生橡胶分会秘书处负责人严政、     

硫铝酸盐水泥碳排放核算

人类活动产生的温室气体引起气候异常已成为全球共识。水泥生产排放大量温室气体，2018年水泥生产碳排放占全球碳排放的8.7%。硫铝酸盐水泥由于原材料石灰石用量的减少和较低煅烧温度带来的碳排放比硅酸盐类水泥低的特点，在全球碳达峰和碳中和战略目标下，具有潜在的发展空间。基于生命周期评价理论与方法，建立了碳排放核算模型，对我国典型工艺生产1 t 42.5级硫铝酸盐水泥的碳排放进行了定量核算，同时与欧美等发达国家相关研究结果进行了比较，为水泥企业和行业制定碳减排、碳达峰路径及发展提供参考。     

二氧化碳的资源化利用

提出将国内部分企业排入大气的二氧化碳废气当作可利用的宝贵资源加以利用,实现低碳减排的目的。     

二氧化碳减排技术和发展趋势

综合介绍了国内外二氧化碳减排技术进展,主要论述了二氧化碳分离方法和减排技术路线,简要介绍了二氧化碳的资源化利用和封存技术,并对未来二氧化碳减排技术的发展方向进行了展望.     

地球变暖问题及生物燃料的使用

近年来,随着经济的发展及能源消费的增加,温室气体的排放量逐年增多,地球变暖已经成为在全球范围内不可忽视的问题,因此全球对地球变暖这一问题的关注度越来越高。要解决地球变暖问题,需要降低二氧化碳的排放量,全球正在采取使用生物燃料等方法积极应对。介绍了全球二氧化排放量情况、主要国家的减排计划及全球生物燃料的使用情况。     

Thickness dependency of field emission in amorphous and nanostructured carbon thin films

Thickness dependency of the field emission of amorphous and nanostructured carbon thin films has been studied. It is found that in amorphous and carbon films with nanometer-sized sp² clusters, the emission does not depend on the film thickness. This further proves that the emission happens from the surface sp² sites due to large enhancement of electric field on these sites. However, in the case of carbon films with nanocrystals of preferred orientation, the emission strongly depends on the film thickness. sp²-bonded nanocrystals have higher aspect ratio in thicker films which in turn results in higher field enhancement and hence easier electron emission.     

内蒙古自治区低碳经济发展的潜力分析

分析了内蒙古自治区碳排放情况,通过对内蒙古自治区"十二五"和未来在经济发展方式的转变、低碳能源的开发、碳汇、政策管理和宣传教育五个方面发展低碳经济的潜力进行分析,探讨了内蒙古低碳经济发展的优势和机遇。     

Predictive equations for CO2 emission factors for coal combustion, their applicability in a thermal power plant and subsequent assessment of uncertainty in CO2 estimation

The emission of carbon dioxide varies systematically with the rank and type of coal combusted. Hence use of a single default emission factor proposed by IPCC (Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change) for entire categories coals may not be appropriate option to obtain a reliable estimate of carbon dioxide emission level or towards the preparation of national carbon dioxide inventory. Even predictive equations developed based on the coals of different origin may not work well with coals of a specific origin. Several linear predictive equations were thus developed separately for coking and non-coking coals of Indian origin for the estimation of carbon dioxide emission utilizing basic coal parameters such as VM, FC, GCV and NCV on different basis. Large numbers of authenticated data set were used for multiple regression analysis and good correlations were obtained. Those equations were also validated with different data sets of Indian coals. Its applicability towards estimation of CO₂ emission from power plant was also studied and uncertainty in CO₂ estimation is revealed. The developed equations may be utilized to get a realistic estimate of carbon dioxide emission with specific cases where Indian coals are mostly used.     

Corrosion resistance and sintering effect of carbon supports in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

The corrosion resistance of carbon black, carbon nanofiber and carbon nanocage used as catalyst supports in fuel cells was investigated by monitoring CO₂ emission using on-line mass spectrometry when 1.4 V was applied for 30 min. The changes associated with the carbon corrosion were assessed through electrochemical methods. In general, graphitized carbon supports were more corrosion-resistant than amorphous carbon black. However, the degree of graphitization did not directly correlate with higher resistance to corrosion. Hydrophobicity was critical in enhancing resistance to corrosion. When sintering of Pt particles was considered, carbon nanocages were more resistant than nanofibers. The present findings thus indicate that the carbon nanocage is an appropriate catalyst support in fuel cell systems.     

Two possible emission mechanisms involved in the arc discharge method of carbon nanotube preparation

By investigating the morphologies and microstructures of the cathode deposits prepared by self-sustained arc discharge between graphite rods, we consider that there are two electron emission mechanisms occurring on the cathode: field emission and thermionic emission. The former occurs mainly on the edge of the growing surface, by which we can explain the formation of the outer hard shell of the cathode deposit; while the latter occurs mainly on the growing surface except for the edge area and it is the main cause for the growth of carbon nanotubes.     

Water Reclamation At South Caboolture,Queensland, Australia

The 10 ML/d South Caboolture Water Reclamation Plant was designed to reduce riverine pollution and to provide water to industry and community consumers for non-potable uses. Whilst the plant will provide water for non-potable uses it has been designed to meet drinking water standards. The unique physical-chemical/biological treatment process incorporates biological denitrification, preozonation, coagulation/flocculation, dissolved air flotation/sand filtration, ozonation and biological activated carbon treatment. The Caboolture process, with its unique integrated physical-chemical/biological treatment ensures continuous sustainable production with low operational and chemical cost. Some demineralization (denitrification) is achieved biologically and expensive activated carbon life is prolonged almost indefinitely also by biological means, encouraged by prior ozonolysis of retractable compounds. Water can be supplied well below the cost of water from conventional sources. Minor operational problems have been overcome and the experience will be valuable for further implementation of this approach to water reclamation. Once again, the value of a combination of ozonation and activated carbon has proved its value in this World's first production application. This paper compares the Caboolture plant with some other well-known water reclamation plants in the US and southern Africa.     

水泥企业碳审计方法及其应用

我国是世界水泥产业第一大国,水泥生产由于其较大的温室气体排放而越来越受到重视。通过解读《水泥行业二氧化碳减排议定书》,并结合水泥厂应用示例进行计算,从明确组织边界和运营边界、直接排放、间接排放、建立温室气体排放清单等方面,介绍了水泥企业如何开展碳审计的方法及排放因子的选择。