聚烯烃表面改性技术

简要回顾传统的聚烯烃表面改性的方式,并对不同改性法的操作工艺和改性效果进行了论述,着重介绍了共混改性法在聚烯烃表面极化中的应用,对两性聚合物分子量大小、极性单体的数量、温度等条件对极性化效果的影响进行介绍。     

聚烯烃塑料容器表面氟化改性

介绍了国外聚乙烯、聚丙烯等塑料容器表面氟化改性的发展状况、工业改性方法、改性效果及其工业应用,提出了我国应着手研究或引进的建议。     

聚合物表面接枝对润湿性影响的研究进展

综述了近几年国内外常用的表面接枝方法 (表面光接枝、化学接枝、等离子体接枝、臭氧引发接枝) 对聚合物表面润湿性改性的研究进展。并展望了表面接枝改性聚合物润湿性的研究发展     

聚烯烃锂电隔膜表面改性技术研究进展

聚烯烃隔膜以其优良的加工性能和较低的成本优势在锂电池行业得到了广泛应用.但因为其熔融温度和极性偏低等,从而导致隔膜热稳定性差、电解液润湿性不足等问题,进而降低了电池容量、充放电倍率、循环使用寿命、以及应用安全性等.通过表面改性可以有效地改善聚烯烃隔膜的不足,从聚烯烃锂电池隔膜表面改性方法、涂层组成、工艺技术研究情况进行...     

纳米粉体在聚烯烃改性中的研究进展

聚烯烃经纳米粉体填充改性后,其力学性能、热稳定性能、电性能及流变性能等都得到改善。综述了近年来纳米粉体改性聚烯烃的研究进展,着重讨论了碳纳米管、纳米二氧化硅、纳米碳酸钙及纳米蒙脱土等在聚烯烃改性中的应用,并对纳米粉体改性聚烯烃的应用前景进行展望。     

亲水性聚烯烃纤维的改性方法研究进展

聚烯烃以其优异的性能、低廉的价格和越来越广泛的用途,日益成为一种重要的合成高分子材料的主体。但它极弱的亲水性限制了在一些领域的应用。介绍了近几年国内外通过化学接枝、等离子体接枝、辐射接枝、表面光接枝等方法对聚烯烃表面亲水性改性的研究进展。     

低温等离子体对聚烯烃材料表面改性的研究

用Ar、O2、N2、及Ar/O2低温等离子体处理聚烯烃膜，通过接触角测量，观察了不同等离子体、不同处理条件对聚烯烃膜覆润性的影响。以X光电子能谱(XPS)和显微扫描电镜(SEM)答为手段，探讨并比较了不同等离子体对聚烯烃膜的表面改性及刻蚀作用。结果表明：采用不同的等离子体处理的聚烯烃样品的亲水性提高程度不同，其中以Ar/O2混合气体等离子处理的聚乙烯样品亲水性提高最大，O2对聚四氟乙烯的刻蚀作用最强。     

聚烯烃弹性体改性聚丙烯的研究进展

介绍了新型聚烯烃弹性体(POE)的优异特性,综述了POE与通用塑料聚丙烯共混改性的研究进展。POE既有高弹性、高强度、高伸长率和良好的低温性能,又有优异的耐热老化和抗紫外性能。无论是均聚、共聚还是高流动性聚丙烯,POE的增韧效果都优于三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)或乙丙橡胶(EPM)。与EPDM等改性剂相比,POE能在较低含量下实现材料的脆-韧转变,减少因加入弹性体造成的材料强度和模量的损失。作为聚丙烯改性剂可在改善聚丙烯冲击强度的同时适当保持其刚性和光学透明性。     

锂离子电池聚烯烃隔膜改性研究进展

聚烯烃隔膜生产成本较低,具有较好的机械强度、化学稳定性,无毒性等优点,但其在热稳定性、电解质浸润性、孔隙率等方面还有待提高,需进行改进以提高隔膜的透气性、孔隙率、孔隙均匀性、耐热性、热收缩性、热关闭性能及离子渗透性等。介绍了聚烯烃隔膜的2种制备工艺,对比分析了干法工艺和湿法工艺的优缺点,综述了聚烯烃隔膜涂覆改性、辐射接枝改性、凝胶填充改性及表面处理改性的改性方法及研究进展,总结了各个改性方法的特点,并对锂离子电池隔膜的发展趋势进行了展望,提出了进一步开发耐高温、电化学稳定及安全性高的隔膜是锂离子电池隔膜未来的研究热点。     

无机纳米粉体表面处理设备与工艺研究

研究了混合喷嘴的间隙大小、表面处理液浓度和处理时间对无机纳米粉体表面处理效果的影响,测试不同工艺参数下,纳米粉体在酒精溶液中的沉降时间,吸光度。实验结果表明:采用高浓度的表面处理液、小间隙的喷嘴和经过多次的处理,纳米粒子的粒径变小,分散性得到了改善。同时也研究了CaCO3/HDPE复合体系中,纳米CaCO3对复合材料性能的影响,结果表明,经过表面处理的纳米CaCO3在复合体系中分散基本均匀,起到增强增韧的作用。     

Light-induced wettability changes on polymer surfaces

Altering the surface wettability by external stimulation has received great attention recently. While different stimuli, such as temperature, pH, etc. can be applied for this purpose, light combines several advantages. It is a contact-free stimulation, which can be applied locally, thereby allowing a versatile patterning. This review article summarizes recent developments in the area of polymers that allow a light-induced change in surface wettability. For this purpose, different photochromic dyes have been incorporated into polymers, which enable a photo-isomerization upon light irradiation resulting in a change in polarity. Several examples based on azobenzene or spiropyran will be discussed, but also some more exotic examples, such as those based on salicylideneaniline, will be highlighted. The different approaches how to apply these photochromic dyes to various surfaces are presented and discussed. Additionally, the combination with other stimuli-responsive moieties will be explored and the paper will be concluded by mentioning the remaining challenges and by providing a future perspective.     

沸石改性聚丙烯的研究进展

介绍了沸石表面有机化改性的机理及沸石表面有机化改性对复合材料力学性能的影响，阐述了沸石在聚丙烯材料力学性能改性、阻燃改性、抗菌改性方面的国内外研究现状及相关理论，指出了沸石／聚丙烯复合材料将朝着性能更优异、功能性更强、更安全环保的方向发展。     

Studies of surface functional modification of nanosized α-alumina

Surface functional modification of nanosized α-alumina is an effective way to improve its dispersion in polymer and to enhance interfacial agglutinate force between particles and polymer. In this paper, diphenylmathane-4,4'-diisocyanate(MDI) was used as a surface grafting agent to react with the hydroxyl group on the surface of nanosized α-alumina. The surface properties of the grafted α-alumina were studied by FT-IR spectra X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), surface tensiometer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the reaction between the isocyanate group and the hydroxyl group on the surface of α-alumina nanoparticles was attribute to additional reaction of the double bond between C and N in the isocyanate group. The surface of MDI grafted α-alumina nanoparticles showed an extremely hydrophobic property and good dispersibility in ethanol. The most important influence was that there was a quantity of isocyanate groups with an active chemical property on the surface of the grafted particles, which could readily react with compounds containing -OH, -NH₂ or -COOH groups.     

Improving wettability,antibacterial and tribological behaviors of zirconia ceramics through surface texturing

3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) ceramics are promising restorative materials being extensively used for fabricating dental prosthodontics. However, peri-implant inflammation and the severe abrasive wear on occlusive natural teeth are two critical problems in the clinical application of zirconia dentures. The paper aims to improve the antibacterial and tribological performance of 3Y-TZP ceramics through laser surface texturing. Three types of surface textures, including micro-honeycombs, micro-composite grids, and micro-grooves, were fabricated onto the zirconia specimens. The effects of different microtextures on the surface behaviors, including wettability, bacteria adhesion, and wear behavior, of 3Y-TZP ceramics were rigorously studied. The results indicate that the introduction of microtextures can change the solid-liquid contact of the zirconia surface, thus affecting its wettability. Wettability is a decisive factor that determinines the antibacterial behavior of textured zirconia ceramics. A hydrophobic surface is more conducive to inhibiting the adhesion, extension, reproduction of bacteria and thus achieves a superior antibacterial performance. The examined microtextures yield the improvement of wear resistance for the zirconia ceramics, but their performances depend on the texture density and the structural strength. The results obtained can provide technical guidance for the design and application of microtextures in the restorative dental fields.     

光化学固定法表面改性医用高分子材料研究进展

综述了光化学固定法表面改性医用高分子材料方面的研究进展,介绍了光化学固定法的原理和优点。     

聚酰亚胺的改性研究新进展

综述了近几年聚酰亚胺的改性方法的研究状况。     

活性炭及其改性研究进展

介绍了国内活性炭的生产状况及生产工艺,综述了活性炭的特性以及改性的研究进展。     

氨合成催化剂研究进展

介绍了氨合成催化剂研究开发进展情况。重点介绍了新型助剂的开发及其加入方式,催化剂母体体系的改进,球形及钌系氨合成催化剂的研制开发情况等。     

热塑性聚氨酯与聚烯烃共混改性研究进展

综述了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)与其他聚合物共混改性以提高其相容性的方法,TPU与聚烯烃共混改性的应用及研究进展。共混改性后的复合材科在某些性能上得到提高或改善,共混为开发新材料提供了途径,扩大了热塑性聚氨酯的应用范围。