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The reduction kinetics and mechanisms of hematite ore with various particle sizes with hydrogen at low temperature were studied using the thermogravimetric analysis. At the same temperature, after the particle size of powder decreases from 107.5 μm to 2. 0 μm, the surface area of the powder and the contact area between the powder and gas increase, which makes the reduction process of hematite accelerate by about 8 times, and the apparent activation energy of the reduction reaction drops to 36.9 kJ/mol from 78.3 kJ/mol because the activity of ore powder is improved by refining gradually. With the same reaction rate, the reaction temperature of 6. 5 μm powder decreases by about 80 ℃ compared with that of 107.5 μm powder. Thinner diffusion layer can also accelerate the reaction owing to powder refining. The higher the temperature, the greater is the peak of the reduction rates at the same temperature, the greater the particle size, the smaller is the peak value of the reduction rates both inner diffusion and inter-face chemical reaction play an important role in the whole reaction process. 相似文献
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低温下氢气还原氧化铁的动力学研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
用热重分析法研究了低温下不同粒度氧化铁的氢还原动力学,得出在同一温度下,铁矿粉粒度从107.5 μm降到2.0 μm后,由于粉体的表面积大幅度增加,提高了粉气接触面积,从而使得化学反应的速度提高了8倍左右,还原反应的表观活化能从78.3 kJ/mol降低到36.9 kJ/mol;当反应速度相同时, 粒度6.5 μm的粉体的反应温度比107.5 μm的降低了80 ℃左右。同时,通过理论推导和实验结果表明,当反应扩散层厚度相同时,铁矿粉粒度越小,反应扩散层厚度越薄,其还原率越高。 相似文献
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Compacts made from chemically grade Fe2O3 were fired at 1473K for 6 hrs. The fired compacts were isothermally reduced either by hydrogen or carbon monoxide at 1073–1373K. The O2 weight‐loss resulting from the reduction process was continuously recorded as a function of time using TGA technique, whereas the volume change at different reduction conditions was measured by displacement method. Porosity measurements, microscopic examination and X‐ray diffraction analysis were used to characterize the fired and reduced products. The rate of reduction at both the initial and final stages was increased with temperature. The reduction mechanism deduced from the correlations between apparent activation energy values, structure of partially reduced compacts and application of gas‐solid reaction models revealed the reduction rate (dr/dt) at both the initial and final stages. At early stages, the reduction was controlled by a combined effect of gaseous diffusion and interfacial chemical reaction mechanism, while at the final stages the interfacial chemical reaction was the rate determining step. In H2 reduction, maximum swelling (80%) was obtained at 1373K, which was attributed to the formation of metallic iron plates. In CO reduction, catastrophic swelling (255%) was obtained at 1198K due to the formation of metallic iron plates and whiskers. 相似文献
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针对气固直接还原工艺中存在着气体利用率低和还原供热不足等问题,利用恒温热重分析(TG)法,研究了氢/碳比率对白云鄂博铁精矿还原速度的影响。结果表明,在还原试验开始后40 min内,还原速率随wH2/wCO比增加而增大,使得Fe2O3→Fe3O4反应时间缩短。基于气相内扩散和界面反应的球团还原速度方程均能较好地处理本研究的数据,得到了反应速度常数与wH2/wCO的关系为:k界面=-0.1975+0.3 575wH2/wCO,k扩散=0.171 01+0.269 7wH2/wCO。根据Arrhenius方程计算出界面反应和气相内扩散活化能分别为26 k J/mol和44 k J/mol,因此本研究条件下限制性环节为气体内扩散控制。 相似文献
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前人研究表明,二次赤铁矿是导致烧结矿低温还原粉化的主要因素,它的生成与烧结原料中MgO含量有关,但其影响机理尚不明确。通过热重法测定不同MgO和Fe_2O_3比例试样在升温-恒温-降温过程中质量变化,定量地了解MgO对Fe_2O_3向Fe_3O_4转变的影响。同时结合XRD分析和光学显微镜观察,揭示了矿物和相结构变化,研究了烧结过程中MgO对二次赤铁矿生成的抑制机理。结果表明,加入MgO后,它与Fe_2O_3反应形成了铁酸镁和含镁磁铁矿,前者促进了升温过程含镁磁铁矿生成,而后者低温下比磁铁矿更稳定,抑制了降温过程磁铁矿氧化,减少了二次赤铁矿的生成。因此,明确了加入少量MgO改善烧结矿低温还原粉化性能的主要原因。 相似文献
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采用纯的氧化铁进行直接还原的实验研究,利用H2作为还原气体在高温管式炉中进行焙烧还原.结果表明,随着反应时间的增加,氧化铁块还原率相应的增大.反应温度的不同,氧化铁块还原速率及电导率也相应的不同.600~900℃下经过一定时间的氢还原,还原产物的还原速率随温度的增加而增加,均可达到95%以上.通过交流阻抗法对还原产物的电导率的测试,得到了还原产物的电导率随时间和还原度的变化曲线.随着温度及时间的不同,电导率也相应变化,电导率的不同,可间接反映还原过程中产生了导电性不同的物质. 相似文献
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以三氧化二铁、氧化亚镍和硅酸镁为原料,依照云南代表性氧化镍矿原矿中铁、镍和硅质量比进行配矿,研究硅铁比对镍铁金属化以及镍铁合金聚合行为的影响。结果表明,当Fe/Ni=13/1,Si/Fe=1.2/1,煤粉加入理论量2倍,1 280℃反应60 min后,经磁选分离获得的精矿中镍、铁品位分别为4.95%、50.93%,镍、铁回收率分别为99.32%、80.12%。还原产物主要相为MgSiO_3和[Fe,Ni],镍铁合金聚集状态良好,精矿主要相为[Fe,Ni],仅有少量SiO_2残留,分离效果较好。云南代表性氧化镍矿原矿的验证试验取得了相似结果。 相似文献
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采用热重法实验研究了773~1273K氧化亚铁的等温氢还原动力学,发现873K温度以上,反应动力学曲线有明显转折,说明反应机理发生了变化.在973~1073K的温度范围,出现了反常的温度效应.即反应速率随温度升高而减小.为讨论产物结构对反应动力学的影响,分别对不同温度的反应产物,以及一定温度不同还原状态(不同反应时间)的产物进行形貌观察.结果显示.随着反应温度升高,还原产物表面的孔洞增多,枝状特征显著增加,而973K和1023K时表面的烧结现象明显.一定温度下,随着反应进行,表面的孔洞增多,并逐渐出现烧结.973K和1023K温度条件下反应产物大体保留原来的大颗粒外形,而1173K时还原2min开始,就大量出现枝状产物,并逐渐烧结.结合产物形貌变化和反应动力学曲线,反应前期为界面化学反应控速,随着反应进行.还原的金属铁发生烧结现象,致密的结构阻碍了产物气体向外扩散,反应控速环节转变为产物气体的外扩散,还原速率也随之降低. 相似文献
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The kinetics of Cr (VI) reduction by grey cast iron powder (HT250 as per Chinese standard GBT 9439-2010) was investigated in this paper. Factors such as pH, initial Cr (VI) concentration, particle size, stirring speed and temperature on Cr (VI) reduction were first examined at a moderate reducing agent dosage. It was found that Cr (VI) reduction could only occur at an initial pH of 2.0 and above this value, the reaction nearly stopped. Additionally, the obvious dependence of Cr (VI) reducibility on other parameters was also revealed. The changes of pH, ORP and the concentration of Fe ions during the reaction were investigated. The correlations between the experimental data and reaction models involving homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions were studied. The results indicated first-order kinetics for the Cr (VI) reduction, which was a homogeneous reaction with an apparent activation energy of 20.718 kJ/mol. A semi-empirical equation was proposed to describe the kinetics of Cr (VI) reduction by HT250 powder. It was concluded that HT250 powder was a promising zero-valency iron (ZVI) material offering excellent reducibility and its use can be extended to the pre-treatment of wastewater containing other heavy metal ions such as Cu(II) and Pb(II). 相似文献
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镧热还原氧化钐过程冶金动力学分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
讨论了镧热还原氧化钐过程的动力学环节,分析了还原过程镧—钐合金存在的可能性,采用反证法确定了制备金属钐温度下的动力学控速环节。依据确定的控速环节,很好地解释了相关文献工艺条件实验的结果。 相似文献
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采用TG-DSC方法研究粒径大小为900μm石灰石的热分解过程。根据石灰石热重实验数据,结合Coats-Redfern法,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法和Kissinger法计算石灰石热分解动力学参数,得到900μm石灰石热分解的活化能E为193.98kJ/mol,指前因子lgA为8.81min-1。根据Malek方法判断石灰石热分解最概然机理函数,得到900μm石灰石热分解属于三维相边界反应模型R3,进一步得到其热分解动力学方程。 相似文献
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P. C. Hayes 《国际钢铁研究》2011,82(5):480-493
It is well established that in gaseous reduction processes solid iron oxides exhibit a wide range of reducibilities. Using the interface stability criteria developed to describe the decomposition of metal compounds in reactive gas atmospheres, together with microstructural evidence obtained under well characterised reaction conditions, the relationships between product structures, and the mechanisms and the kinetics of reduction of iron oxides have been examined. It is shown that the structures and reaction rates can be explained through the occurrence of four principal mechanisms; continuous gas pore formation, dense metal layer growth, discontinuous metal layer breakdown and continuous coupled growth of metal and pores. Through identification of the critical conditions for these different mechanisms, the maximum rates of reduction of a given starting material as a function of temperature, thermal history and gas conditions can be more clearly understood. 相似文献
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研究了H2在360~400℃之间还原铁矿微粉的过程,并提出了微空间尺度下瞬时气固反应动力学模型,以模拟氧化铁微粉在低温下的还原过程.这个模型包括了非均相化学反应动力学方程、颗粒内的传热方程和气体扩散方程,采用全隐式有限差分方法对控制方程进行数值求解.通过数值计算得到不同颗粒度矿粉在不同温度下还原率随时间的变化,并根据反应热和气体浓度在反应过程中的行为得知化学反应和气体内扩散在反应速率控制过程中所起的作用。数值模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合. 相似文献
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通过液相还原法制备了两种不同钙源的纳米零价铁-羟基磷灰石复合材料(N-FH和C-FH)。通过静态批试验,研究了溶液pH、反应时间、初始锰浓度、反应温度等因素对N-FH和C-FH吸附水中Mn(Ⅱ)的影响,对复合材料吸附前后的微观形貌进行表征,并借助动力学模型分析其吸附机理。结果表明,在复合材料投加量0.125 g/L、初始锰浓度10 mg/L、溶液pH为5.0、反应时间720 min的条件下,N-FH和C-FH吸附水中Mn(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量分别为59.679 2、59.290 4 mg/g。N-FH和C-FH对Mn(Ⅱ)吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.99)和Langmuir模型(R2>0.98),吸附机理皆为单层化学吸附。 相似文献
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Hideki Ono Keiji Nakajima Shingo Agawa Toshio Ibuta Ryota Maruo Tateo Usui 《国际钢铁研究》2015,86(3):241-251