共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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表面活性剂在皮革生产中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从生皮组织构造特点和皮革工艺要求出发,讨论了表面活性剂在皮革生产各工序中的作用和各工序对所有表面活性剂的性能要求,为皮革生产中正确选择和使用表面活性剂提供依据。 相似文献
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简要介绍了非离子表面活性剂的分类,较详细地叙述了常用非离子表面活性剂的乳化性能、润湿性能和配伍性能等相关性能,综述了非离子表面活性剂在制革工业准备工序、鞣制工序以及整饰工序中的作用与功能。 相似文献
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2.8 加脂 加脂的主要目的是为了得到柔软、丰满的皮革。加脂剂组成中的有效成分主要是水溶性的乳化剂和不溶于水的油性物质。乳化剂主要是各类表面活性剂,而中性油脂中也含有一定数量的表面活性剂。表面活性剂的作用是乳化、分散油脂,使乳液稳定,易于渗透到革内并分布均匀,同时促进皮革对油脂的吸收;另外,表面活性剂本身还具有优 相似文献
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简要介绍了表面活性剂的分类,综述了其在制革生产工序中常用的羧酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸酯盐和磷酸酯盐型阴离子表面活性剂的结构和性能,着重阐述了阴离子型表面活性剂在浸水、脱脂、脱毛、脱灰、染色、加脂、涂饰等工序中的应用。 相似文献
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A series of polyethylene glycol-linked Gemini fatty alcohol phosphate surfactants (GFAP) were prepared with long chain n-alkanol (C = 8, 12, 16, 18), polyethylene glycol (PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-800, PEG-1000) and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3). The structure of the prepared surfactants was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The surfactants were employed for the modification of chrome-tanned leather. The morphological changes of chrome-tanned leather and modified chrome-tanned leather were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relationship between the alkyl chain length and molecular weight of the PEG and the hydrophobicity, softness, mechanical strength of modified chrome-tanned leather was also discussed. The experimental results showed that the mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather were enhanced with an increase of alkyl chain length, while the hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness were decreased with an increase of molecular weight of the PEG. The hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather were optimized for an alkyl chain length of 16. Therefore, 16–200 Gemini phosphate surfactants with an alkyl chain length of 16 and a PEG molecular weight of 200 have a good comprehensive modification effect on Chrome-tanned leather, the tensile strength, tear strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather are 57.07 N mm−2, 79.49 N mm−1, 9.73 mm, respectively. 相似文献
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El-Shahat H. A. Nashy M. G. Megahed M. A. Abd EL-Ghaffar 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(8):1239-1246
Jojoba oil is of immense importance for industrial applications. There are a lot of published articles concerning its various
uses in cosmetics, detergents, surfactants and lubricants. Therefore, this work was devoted to exploring its application for
further use in the leather industry as a fat-liquoring agent. The fat-liquoring process is one important step in leather manufacturing,
with the intention of obtaining leather of full, soft handle, flexibility, and pliability as well as improving its mechanical
properties. The study involved preparation of jojoba fat-liquor via a sulfitation process. An improvement of the sulfitation
process based on combined SO3 content was achieved under phase transfer catalysis (PTC). Two differently prepared types of phase transfer catalyst of phosphonium
and ammonium types were investigated, namely, benzyl tri-phenyl phosphonium chloride (BTPP) and tri-ethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride (TEBA). The fat-liquored leather led to an improvement in its mechanical properties such as tensile strength and
elongation at break. In addition, a significant enhancement of the texture of the treated leather by jojoba fat-liquor as
indicated in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images was observed. 相似文献
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Edward M. Filachione 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1971,48(7):334-339
There are about 25 operations in the process of converting hides and skins into leather. Surface active agents are important
in a number of these and find wide use in the leather-making industry. Both anionic and nonionic types are widely used while
cationics have more specialized use. Sulfated oils (especially cod, sperm and neatsfoot), soaps, sulfated higher alcohols
and alkylbenzene sulfonates are the main anionic surfactants used. The nonionics are principally condensation products of
ethylene oxide with a secondary alcohol of 11–15 carbons or with octyl and nonyl phenol, introducing 7–10 oxyethylene units.
Examples of the cationic type are the quaternary ammonium salts, i.e., lauryl, cetyl and stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride. Surface active agents are used at various stages of the leather-making process. They are used in soaking, unhairing,
bating, pickling, tanning and coloring, where they serve principally as processing aids. They find more important use in fatliquoring,
impregnation and finishing, where they become a part of the leather composition. Certain surfactants, namely, chrome complexes
of fatty acids and perfluoro acids, and long chain alkenyl succinic acid have been used to impart water repellent properties
to leather. Recent research shows promise of developing new uses for surfactants in the tanning industry. Long chain quarternary
ammonium salts have shown promise as a short term preservative for freshly flayed hides and skins. An amphoteric surfactant,
i.e., a long chain fatty amino acid of the structure RNHCH2CH2CO2H, has shown promise as leather lubricant with improved resistance to drycleaning solvents.
One of eight papers to be published from the Symposium “Surface Active Agents in the Textile Industry.”
E. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献