遥感图像目标多尺度特征分析

地面目标在不同尺度的遥感影像中表现出不同的特征,对自动目标识别的准确性有很大影响。基于多分辨率遥感影像,研究典型图像目标的识别技术,给出了多尺度图像目标识别框架。首先针对不同尺度的遥感影像,分析了每个尺度上目标识别的有效特征。然后在提取典型目标的多种特征基础上,对这些特征进行尺度相关性分析,并研究不同的尺度对目标形状结构等特征产生的影响。实验结果表明,基于多分辨率遥感影像的识别框架可以有效地实现图像目标的分析与识别。     

基于四叉树理论的人造地物遥感图像超分辨率技术方法

人造地物是卫星遥感监测的重要目标之一,遥感图像在获取后,通过对其进行超分辨率处理,可以使我们对人造地物外观看得更清晰,地物特性研究得更深。本文探讨了利用四叉树理论和图像插值运算的方法,提高人造地物图像的空间分辨率方法,实验证明,这种方法可以达到提高图像分辨率的目的。     

IKONOS影像白泡云识别方法研究

高空间分辨率IKONOS影像应用在海洋遥感时,白泡云的强反射特性严重影响了水体信息的提取。本文利用归一化处理后的IKONOS影像数据研究分析了白泡云与其背景地物的光谱特征。通过光谱一阶微分运算形成特定的数学参数使得地物的光谱特征参量化,提取白泡云光谱特征,研究开发了白泡云遥感识别模型。试验结果表明该识别方法准确度高,在识别水体中白泡云区域的基础上可有效处理海洋遥感水体信息提取过程中白泡云的干扰影响。     

地物提取的多尺度特征遥感应用分析

通过空间尺度效应分析,阐述不同属性景观地物在同一分辨率或同一尺度影像中提取的不合理性。为获得精确的地表信息,提出多尺度遥感影像分析方法,解决不同地物在不同空间尺度影像数据中提取的难题。通过多种分辨率影像的多尺度影像信息提取的应用实践,分析地物提取中的多尺度特性、尺度与分辨率关系等。     

基于Lansat7 ETM+影像的城市道路信息提取研究

道路信息是遥感卫星影像中一种重要的地理专题信息，道路信息的提取在卫星数字图像自动解译方面具有理论与方法意义，如果能自动地从遥感卫星影像中提取出道路网，将会简化城市地物目标的分类和测量过程。研究结合了计算机和人在自动检测和识别上的优势，以ETM＋为数据源，提出了遥感卫星影像中道路特征半自动提取的一种方法。研究首先对ETM＋的多光谱影像和15m分辨率的全色影像进行融合，然后通过设计一个高通滤波器和统计滤波器，完成道路信息的检测与识别（其中高通滤波突出地物的线性特征、统计滤波则是消除高通滤波后的一些噪音），最后进行矢量化跟踪完成道路信息的提取。实践结果表明，该方法能够从中等分辨率遥感卫星影像中提取道路信息，取得了较好的精度效果。     

面向遥感影像场景的深度卷积神经网络递归识别模型

在遥感影像场景识别过程中,针对利用卷积神经网络进行固定格网影像场景识别时存在类间可分性不高和局部细节粗糙等问题,提出一种深度卷积神经网络递归识别模型(DCNN-RR)。该模型首先构建卷积层、采样层交替的多层卷积神经网络进行遥感影像多分辨率场景训练。然后,根据格网影像softmax概率计算场景类间混淆指数(Confusion Index,CI),四分格网递归进行卷积神经网络识别,并采用多重窗口滑动递归微调直至CI达到峰值来精准定位场景目标。通过高分辨遥感影像实验表明该模型可适应不同尺度地物的变化,相比固定格网影像显著提高了场景识别精度,局部细节也更为精细。     

基于图像分割的无人机遥感影像目标提取技术

为全面增强遥感影像上地物波谱的反射特性能力,实现对无人机目标的无误提取,提出基于图像分割的无人机遥感影像目标提取技术;在类哈尔滤波器结构的支持下,按照区域环境中地物目标的颜色特征,完成低层影像特征的量化处理,实现基于图像分割技术的无人机遥感深度图获取;定义与无人机遥感影像相关的基本名词,通过原始特征选择的方式,判定地物波谱的平均反射特性水平,得到准确的特征元素相关性测度数值,完成无人机遥感影像的目标融合处理;在此基础上,分割多分辨率条件下的影像目标,在定义图像纹理与尺度条件的同时,得到最终的地物提取结果,实现基于图像分割无人机遥感影像目标提取技术的应用;对比实验结果表明,在初始采集相位条件及亚像素条件下,目标地物的波谱宽度均超过7.0μm,遥感影像的反射特性能力大幅提升,满足对无人机目标无误提取的实用需求。     

无人机可见光遥感影像地物目标提取技术研究

无人机可见光遥感影像中地物目标边界清晰度较低,容易导致地物目标与背景之间的区分度降低,进而难以提取地物目标。为此,提出无人机可见光遥感影像地物目标提取方法。从光谱特征、纹理特征和边缘特征三个方面分析无人机可见光遥感影像特征。结合三种影像特征对无人机可见光遥感影像数据集实行增广处理。对完成增广后的数据集定义影像编码标签,以此确定地物目标增强权重,通过参量化处理地物目标光谱特征,计算光谱吸收指数,获取地物目标提取表达式,从而实现无人机可见光遥感影像地物目标提取。实验结果表明,所提方法能够保证地物目标边界的清晰度,具有较强的地物目标提取能力。     

地物大小、对象尺度、影像分辨率的关系分析

遥感数据的分辨率越来越高, 给地物信息提取提出了新的挑战。利用基于像元的分类技术和基于多尺度分割的面向对象分类技术对高分辨率影像进行分类实验, 分析地物大小、对象尺度与影像分辨率的关系。实验结果表明不同地物由于其空间尺度不同, 与之相适宜的空间分辨率和对象尺度也不同, 在适宜分辨率的影像提取有较高的精度, 在适宜的对象尺度上提取对象信息有更高的精度。分析也表明面向对象的多尺度影像分类技术适应了不同地物有其相适宜的空间分辨率, 在适宜尺度影像层中提取地物, 其分类精度大大高于基于像元的分类方法。     

基于基元的高分辨率遥感建筑物提取研究

如何自动地从高分辨率遥感影像中提取建筑物等人工目标是高分辨率遥感影像处理与理解领域的一个热点与难点问题,建筑物作为人类改变自然界的标志性地物之一,其各种信息的快速自动提取是地形测图和城市地理数据更新的重要步骤,也是衡量人类活动的主要因素之一.本文提出了影像-基元-目标的影像分析方法,首先对高分辨率遥感影像进行特征提取,通过聚类方法形成不同基元,在此基础上对相应的基元特征进行分析及建筑物模式的匹配,完成建筑物的自动提取过程,相应方法也可以推广到其他目标地物的识别过程.     

Assessing the effectiveness of Google Earth images for spatial enhancement of RapidEye multi-spectral imagery

RapidEye satellite images with high spatial resolution, affordable prices and having Red-Edge band have high potential for time series issues, especially in vegetation studies. Despite these beneficial properties, RapidEye images with 5 m spatial resolution are not sufficiently useful for some applications. According to this problem, enhancing the spatial resolution of RapidEye images can significantly improve the results of the subsequent processes on these images. Fusion of high spatial resolution with high spectral resolution images is known as an effective way to enhance the quality of multispectral remotely sensed images. Unfortunately, the lack of panchromatic band with high spatial resolution has been faced the procedure of improving the spatial resolution of RapidEye images with major problems. In this paper, we have proposed using the free Google Earth (GE) images which have high spatial resolution and high-coverage of land surface to enhance the spatial information of RapidEye images. A simulated panchromatic image has been generated by three band GE image and with three different methods: Mean, principal component analysis (PCA) and weighted average of GE image bands. In the last method, the weights are extracted from the spectral response curve of the satellite which captured the GE image. The simulated panchromatic image has been utilized for pansharpening of RapidEye image in five well-known methods: Brovey, Gram-Schmidt (GS), intensity-hue-saturation (IHS), Pansharp1 and Pansharp2. The most important point is finding the GE image with lowest lag time with RapidEye image. By satisfying this condition, the experiments illuminated that the proposed method can effectively enhance the spatial quality of RapidEye image. Also, this study presented that Pansharp2 method, which used simulated panchromatic image generated by the spectral response curve information, has revealed the best results of RapidEye image pansharpening.     

Using low‐spectral‐resolution images to acquire simulated hyperspectral images

We propose a method to acquire simulated hyperspectral images using low‐spectral‐resolution images. Hyperspectral images provide more spectral information than low‐spectral‐resolution images, because of the additional spectral bands used for data acquisition in hyperspectral imaging. Unfortunately, original hyperspectral images are more expensive and more difficult to acquire. However, some research questions require an abundance of spectral information for ground monitoring, which original hyperspectral images can easily provide. Hence, we need to propose a method to acquire simulated hyperspectral images, when original hyperspectral images are especially necessary. Since low‐spectral‐resolution images are readily available and cheaper, we develop a method to acquire simulated hyperspectral images using low‐spectral‐resolution images. With simulated hyperspectral images, we can acquire more ‘hidden’ information from low‐spectral‐resolution images. Our method uses the principles of pixel‐mixing to understand the compositional relationship of spectrum data to an image pixel, and to simulate radiation transmission processes. To this end, we use previously obtained data (i.e. spectrum library) and the sorting data of objects that are derived from a low‐spectral‐resolution image. Using the simulation of radiation transmission processes and these different data, we acquire simulated hyperspectral images. In addition, previous analyses of simulated remotely sensed images do not use quantitative statistical measures, but use qualitative methods, describing simulated images by sight. Here, we quantitatively assess our simulation by comparing the correlation coefficients of simulated images and real images. Finally, we use simulated hyperspectral images, real Hyperion images, and their corresponding ALI images to generate several classification images. The classification results demonstrate that simulated hyperspectral data contain additional information not available in the multispectral data. We find that our method can acquire simulated hyperspectral images quickly.     

基于小波变换和数学形态学的遥感图像人工建筑区提取

为了快速定位中高分辨率可见光遥感图像中的人工建筑目标,一般需要先对目标进行粗定位,提取人工建筑区域。根据遥感图像中的不同地貌具有不同的频谱特性,人工建筑区相对其他区域具有较高的频率,提出了基于小波变换和数学形态学的遥感图像人工建筑区提取算法。该算法先对遥感图像进行小波变换,将不同地貌的信息转换到不同频带,再对高频信息进行融合,并将融合后的高频信息中幅度变化剧烈的区域看作"山峰",变化平稳的区域看作"盆地",最后采用形态学重建的方法提取人工建筑区,实验结果表明,该算法具有快速性和准确性的特点。     

Photogrammetric processing of high-resolution airborne and satellite linear array stereo images for mapping applications

This article introduces a mathematical model for photogrammetric processing of linear array stereo images acquired by high-resolution satellite imaging systems such as IKONOS. The experimental result of the generation of simulated IKONOS stereo images based on photogrammetric principles, IKONOS imaging geometry and a set of georeferenced aerial images is presented. An accuracy analysis of ground points derived from the simulated IKONOS stereo images is performed. The impact of the number of GCPs (ground control points), distribution of GCPs, and image measurement errors on the ground point accuracy is investigated. It is concluded that an accuracy of ground coordinates from 2 m to 3 m is attainable with GCPs, and 5 m to 12 m without GCPs. Two data sets of HRSC (high resolution stereo camera) and MOMS (modular opto-electronic multispectral stereo-scanner)-2P are also utilized to test the model and system. The presented data processing method is a key to the generation of mapping products such as digital terrain models (DEM) and digitial shorelines from high-resolution satellite images.     

Comparison of RADARSAT-1 and IKONOS satellite images for urban features detection

The visual appearance of man-made objects in IKONOS and RADARSAT-1 satellite images is compared. Results show that for many mapping applications, the 9 m resolution RADARSAT-1 images add very limited information to the 1 m IKONOS panchromatic image. Despite these matters, it is shown that RADARSAT-1 may in some cases uniquely detect certain man-made objects or structures and thereby give additional knowledge to the interpretation of an IKONOS image. Multi-temporal RADARSAT-1 acquisitions can also be used to detect man-made changes at times when weather conditions hamper optical image acquisitions. It is expected that the forthcoming SAR satellites with resolution down towards 1 m, will work much better as a complementary, all-weather information source to the high-resolution optical ones.     

基于归一化相关矩的多分辨率遥感图象融合

多传感器数据融合技术已广泛应用于遥感图象处理方面 .针对遥感多光谱图象空间分辨率较低的问题 ,提出了一种基于归一化相关矩的多分辨率图象融合方法 .该方法首先对图象进行二维小波变换 ,然后根据所得到的高频小波系数的一阶、二阶统计特征来定义图象局部灰度相关矩 ,并以此作为图象融合测度来对遥感图象进行多分辨率特征融合 ,从而得到包含更多信息和有效特征的融合图象 .仿真结果表明 ,融合后的图象在保留多光谱信息和提高空间分辨率上均能获得较好的效果 ,因而可以更好地用于目标识别、分类等遥感图象处理方面     

辅以波谱分析的高分辨率影像面向对象分类研究

随着遥感影像空间分辨率的提高,地物的空间信息更加丰富,地物尺寸、 形状以及相邻地物的关系得到更好的反映,因此目前高分辨率影像分类方法更侧重于利用地 物的空间信息,分类过程中参与较多的人为主观因素,在地物类型未知的地区很难进行解译 工作。另外,分割过于细碎导致操作数据量太大也是高分辨率影像分类的难题之一。论文提 出了辅以波普分析的高分辨率影像面向对象分类方法,即在传统面向对象分类方法的基础上 结合影像波谱分析,先对影像光谱角制图粗分类、掩膜操作,再面向对象精分类,较好解决 了以往面向对象分类方法地物类型的不确定性和分割细碎等问题。试验以空间分辨率为0.5 米的八波段WorldView2 影像为研究数据提取西部那曲地区道路和河流,精度达到96.36%。     

Imaging and structural feature decomposition of a complex target using multi-aspect polarimetric scattering

Based on the Huynen parametric decomposition of target scattering matrix, the polarimetric ellipse parameters are transformed and applied to decomposition of scattering mechanisms of a complex target in VHR POL-SAR images (very high resolution, polarimetric synthetic aperture radar). Making use of multi-aspect (or circle-aspect) and wideband VHR POL-SAR images, scattering mechanisms of a volumetric target and its structural components are recognized over image pixels. Utilizing the layover features, the target height profile is also estimated from two-dimensional image. As example, polarimetric scattering data of some vehicles on ground, including multi-aspect simulated data and experimental measurements, are applied to validations of scattering mechanism decompositions and target structural feature recognition.     

Improving image resolution using subpixel motion

Given a low resolution camera, we would like to get an image with improved resolution using camera motion. From several low resolution images, with subpixel relative displacements, we get an improved resolution image. We find a high resolution image such that when simulating the imaging process we get low resolution images closest to the observed images. The method is tested on computer simulations, and simulated annealing is also used for the optimization process.     

Land Cover Classification for Different Spatial Resolution Images from CNN

Based on convolutional neural networks and five different spatial resolution remote sensing images, the land use/land cover classification study was carried out on a small area in the eastern part of Xining City, aiming at exploring the differences of image classification by CNN with different spatial resolutions and CNN’s ability to extract different features. In order to improve the selection efficiency of the samples, a window sliding method was introduced to assist the samples selection. The research shows that the overall classification accuracy of the five different spatial resolution images is above 89%, the Kappa coefficient is above 0.86. The result further shows that within the resolution scale the higher the resolution, the performance of the CNN classification results for the details is better, and can maintain high classification accuracy, indicating that CNN is more suitable for high spatial resolution images; at the same time, the image spatial resolution is too high, the ground objects exhibit high intra-class variability and low inter-class variability, the classification accuracy tends to decrease. In comparison, CNN has the best classification effect on SPOT 6 images in this study, and window sliding is an effective sample-assisted selection method. This research has certain reference significance for similar research in the future.