放电等离子烧结NdFeB磁体的氧化和腐蚀行为

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了新型NdFeB磁体,研究了NdFeB磁体在湿热环境下的氧化行为和在电解质溶液中的电化学特性.在扫描电子显微镜下分析了磁体的显微组织结构和成分.结果表明,与传统烧结NdFeB磁体相比,新型磁体的显微组织特征为:主相Nd2Fe14B晶粒细小、均匀,富钕相在主相晶粒边界上分布较少,主要集中在三角晶界处.这种组织结构有效抑制了磁体沿富钕相发生的晶间腐蚀的过程,使磁体具有良好的耐腐蚀性能.     

放电等离子烧结NdFeB磁体的磁化特征

利用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备烧结钕铁硼磁体SPS NdFeB。为了更好地理解SPS Nd-FeB磁体的磁硬化机理,利用振动样品磁强计研究了SPS NdFeB磁体在室温下的磁化和反磁化过程。结果表明,在强度为800kA/m的较低外加磁场和强度为1760kA/m的较高外加磁场下的磁化特征明显不同,前者可称为形核控制模式,后者则为钉扎控制模式。比较样品的磁化过程和反磁化过程的曲线,发现样品的矫顽力大小等于样品磁化过程钉扎场的大小。     

磁性高分子粘结钕铁硼的性能

研究了二茂金属高分子铁磁粉(O PM ) 与快淬钕铁硼磁粉复合制成的一种新的粘结永磁复合材料的性能, 并与非磁性高分子粘结钕铁硼的性能进行了比较。结果表明, 磁性高分子的含量降低, 磁性高分子粘结钕铁硼永磁材料的最大磁能积(BH )_m、剩磁B_r、矫顽力Hb_c升高, 内禀矫力H j_c略为下降; 但在含相同体积分数磁粉情况下, 磁性高分子粘结N dFeB 的磁性能比非磁性的高分子粘结N dFeB 的磁性能高, 其温度稳定性也几乎相同。      

Microstructure and properties of Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by spark plasma sintering

Abstract

Anisotropic Nd₁₅.₅Dy₁.₀Fe_BalCo₃.₀B₆.₈Al₁.₀ magnets were produced by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The effects of processing conditions on the microstructure, magnetic properties, dimensional precision and density of the magnets were studied. The magnetic properties, microstructure and constituents were investigated by means of a magnetic flux density - magnetic field strength (B-H) loopline instrument, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The density of the magnets was determined by the Archimedes method, and the dimensional precision of the magnets was measured by micrometer. It was found that the microstructure of SPS processed Nd-Fe-B magnets is unique; the grain size is fine and uniform while distribution of the neodymium rich phase is heterogeneous. The optimal magnetic properties of SPS processed Nd-Fe-B magnets obtained so far are maximum energy product of 240 kJ m^-3 and coercive force of 1260 kA m^-1. The dimensional precision of the magnets is ~ 20 μm, and the density of the magnets reaches 7.58 g cm^-3.     

Electroplated hard magnetic material and its application in microelectromechanical systems

We describe the preparation of CoNiMnP-based permanent-magnet material using several sulfate and chloride solutions. We studied eight samples, and all the samples show vertical magnetic anisotropy. Sample8, which was electroplated from a low-concentration chloride solution and under external magnetic field, demonstrates the best magnetic properties with coercivity 2632 Oe, remanence 0.20 T, and maximum magnetic energy 10.185 kJ/m/sup 3/. An array structure can avoid the stress between the electroplated layer and the seed layer. The electroplated Co/sub 0.8/Ni/sub 0.1174/Mn/sub 0.0062/P/sub 0.0762/ permanent magnet has potential for bidirectional actuators in micro-electromechanical systems.     

高性能的尼龙1010 粘结NdFeB 永磁材料的制备

研究热塑性树脂尼龙1010 作粘结剂制备高密度粘结N dFeB 永磁材料的工艺及其对粘结 永磁性能的影响。结果表明: 快淬N dFeB 磁粉的表面状态、混炼工艺及热压成型温度、压力及时间 明显影响着尼龙1010 粘结N dFeB 永磁的性能。只有经抗氧化处理的快淬N dFeB 永磁粉, 在双辊 混炼机上, 当尼龙1010 处于半熔融状态时, 在适当短的时间混合均匀后, 才可热压制成高密度的 粘结N dFeB 永磁材料。      

4种涂层对NdFeB磁体耐腐蚀性能和磁性能的影响

NdFeB耐蚀性能差,对其实施涂层保护可以提高其耐蚀性能,但又影响到磁性能.对比研究了Ni,Zn,环氧树脂,PARYLENE-C涂层对NdFeB磁体在3种溶液中对磁性能的影响.结果表明:在酸、碱、盐环境中,高分子材料涂层对磁体的保护效果最好,环氧树脂涂层相对差些,Ni涂层次之,Zn涂层最差;Ni涂层和Zn涂层对样品的磁性能影响不大,但环氧树脂涂层使其BHmax减少了12.66 kJ/m3;高分子材料涂层使其BHmax减少了31.68 kJ/m3,且使Hcj增加了41.38 kA/m.因此,为保证其性能和正常使用,应根据不同的使用环境来选择适当的涂层.     

磁场在金属材料制备成形中的应用

讨论了稳恒磁场、变化磁场对金属凝固组织、基体中合金元素的固溶度以及Al-Cu合金热裂的影响,介绍了动磁压制技术的原理、特点及应用情况,磁场在提高NdFeB永磁体的磁性能和在粉末固相、液相烧结致密化中的应用,并展望了磁场在金属凝固和粉末冶金中未来的研究和应用发展前景.     

表面宏微处理对塑料粘结NdFeB永磁性能的影响

本文研究了偶联剂处理ＮｄＦｅＢ磁粉及环氧树脂涂层对塑料粘结ＮｄＦｅＢ永磁体性能的影响，结果表明：（１）ＫＨ５５０包覆处理ＮｄＦｅＢ磁粉可改善Ｎｄ－ＦｅＢ磁粉的抗氧化性，提高塑料粘结ＮｄＦｅＢ的磁性能和压缩强度；（２）用偶联剂微观保护ＮｄＦｅＢ磁粉和环氧树脂涂层宏观保护相结合的办法可显著地提高塑料粘结ＮｄＦｅＢ永磁体的耐蚀性和抗高温氧化性     

Effect of sintering parameters on microstructure,mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of Nb–Zr alloy for biomedical applications

Despite the importance of Nb–Zr alloys as candidate materials for biomedical applications, little attention has been given to their processing and the development of new or improved structures. Here, we explore the viability of synthesizing a nano/sub-micron grain structured Nb–Zr alloy through the use of mechanical alloying (MA) and spark-plasma sintering (SPS). The sintered samples were characterized through measurements of densification, Vickers hardness (HV), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of the SPS parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered alloys was also investigated. Moreover, electrochemical corrosion analyses were performed by a means of a conventional three-electrode cell to assess the corrosion resistance of the developed alloys in Simulated Body Fluids (SBF) medium. A nano/sub-micron grain structured Nb–Zr alloy with an average grain size of between 100 and 300 nm was produced using the MA-SPS techniques. A maximum hardness and relative density of 584 HV and 97.9% were achieved, respectively. Moreover, the nano/sub-micron grain structured Nb–Zr alloy exhibited higher corrosion resistance in SBF medium, which makes this alloy is a promising candidate for use in biomedical applications.     

环状永磁体表面径向磁通密度分布的模拟计算

利用AutoCAD软件构建四极磁环的三维模型,采用Ansoft Maxwell软件的有限元分析法对各向异性粘结钕铁硼(NdFeB)四极环状磁体表面径向磁通密度分布进行数值模拟。研究了各向异性粘结NdFeB永磁材料的剩磁B_r和矫顽力H_(cb)及环状磁体的高度、厚度和内外径,对环状磁体表面径向磁通密度与磁特性的影响。结果表明,环状磁体表面径向磁通密度与NdFeB材料的矫顽力H_(cb)及磁体的厚度密切相关,而NdFeB材料的剩磁B_r及磁体的高度对其影响较小。     

Hot deformed anisotropic nanocrystalline NdFeB based magnets prepared from spark plasma sintered melt spun powders

Anisotropic magnets were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) followed by hot deformation (HD) using melt-spun powders as the starting material. Good magnetic properties with the remanence J_r > 1.32 T and maximum of energy product (BH)_max > 303 kJ/m³ have been obtained. The microstructure evolution during HD and its influence on the magnetic properties were investigated. The fine grain zone and coarse grain zone formed in the SPS showed different deformation behaviors. The microstructure also had an important effect on the temperature coefficients of coercivity. A strong domain-wall pinning model was valid to interpret the coercivity mechanism of the HDed magnets. The increase of stray field and weakening of domain-wall pinning effects were the main reasons of the decrease of the coercivity with increasing the compression ratio. The influences of non-uniform plastic deformation on the microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated. The polarization characteristics of HDed magnets were demonstrated. It was found out that the HDed magnets had better corrosion resistance than the counterpart sintered magnet.     

Effects of sintering conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC prepared using powders recovered from kerf loss sludge

The effects of sintering conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered SiC prepared using the SiC powder recovered from the kerf loss sludge were investigated. The recovered SiC powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and conventional sintering methods. The effects of sintering temperature, time and methods (SPS and conventional sintering) on the phase, grain size and density of SiC were systematically studied. The Vickers hardness of spark plasma-sintered (SPSed) samples was higher than that of conventional sintered samples due to small grain size. When holding time was increased from 10 to 30 min, the grain size and relative density of SPSed samples were also increased, which lead to the almost constant Vickers hardness by competing effects of grain size and relative density. When holding time was over 30 min, no appreciable change of the relative density and grain size were observed, which can lead to similar values of Vickers hardness. SPS process can be used to make SiC with high density and hardness at relatively low temperature compared with the conventional sintering process.     

钕铁硼在AICl3-EMIC离子液体中电沉积铝层的耐腐蚀性能

在钕铁硼（NdFeB）表面电沉积铝可提高其耐蚀性,而铝的电沉积只能在无水体系中进行。在摩尔比为2：1的A1C13-EMIC（氯化1．甲基一3-乙基咪唑）离子液体中对NdFeB表面电沉积铝,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱、刻划剥离及热震试验对铝镀层的表面形貌、成分及其与基体的结合情况进行了分析,采用中性盐雾试验、极化曲线和...     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Ce-Doped NdFeB Ribbons

The substitution for Nd by abundant element cerium (Ce) is a practical way for the comprehensive utilization of rare earth resources in NdFeB permanent magnets. In this letter, we have prepared the Ce-doped NdFeB ribbons and conventional NdFeB ribbons by melt quenching method and investigated the effects of heat treatment on the crystallization behavior, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the alloy. The results show that: (1) The crystallization behavior and the microstructural changes of the (Nd,Ce)FeB magnets are similar to the conventional NdFeB magnet when heat treatment. In addition, the Ce₂Fe₁₄B phase has a significant effect on the properties of the whole magnets. (2)The NdFeB phase and CeFeB phase are relatively close to each other after being precipitated from the amorphous phase. The coupling effect between the two phases is strong enough to weaken the effect of the addition of Ce and making the properties of the NdFeB magnets to not reduce too much after adding Ce.     

温压工艺在粘结NdFeB磁体中的应用

采用温压工艺与普通压制工艺制备粘结磁体，发现温压技术可以有效地提高粘结磁体的密度，改善磁体磁性能，且温压效果与温压温度的选择密切相关。通过对温压机理的分析，发现最佳温压温度由粘结剂的软化点、粘度和固化点三个因素共同决定。采用温压工艺，在70℃、97．4NPa的条件下，得到的粘结NdFeB磁体密度、最大磁能积分为5．28kg／m^3,6．23NGOe。     

Nanocrystalline Nd–Fe–B Anisotropic Magnets by Flash Spark Plasma Sintering

Flash spark plasma sintering (flash SPS) is an attractive method to obtain Nd–Fe–B magnets with anisotropic magnetic properties when starting from melt-spun powders. Compared to the benchmark processing route via hot pressing with subsequent die upsetting, flash SPS promises electroplasticity as an additional deformation mechanism and reduced tool wear, while maximizing magnetic properties by tailoring the microstructure—fully dense and high texture. A detailed parameter study is conducted to understand the influence of Flash SPS parameters on the densification and magnetic properties of commercial MQU-F powder. It is revealed that the presintering conditions and preheating temperature before applying the power pulse play a major role for tailoring grain size and texture in the case of hot deformation via Flash SPS. Detailed microstructure and magnetic domain evaluation disclose the texture enhancement with increasing flash SPS temperature at the expense of coercivity. The best compromise between remanence and coercivity (1.37 T and 1195 kA m⁻¹, respectively) is achieved through a combination of presintering at 500 °C for 120 s and preheating temperature of 600 °C, resulting in a magnet with energy product (BH)_max of 350 kJm⁻³. These findings show the potential of flash SPS to obtain fully dense anisotropic nanocrystalline magnets with high magnetic performance.     

添加润滑剂对烧结钕铁硼磁体性能的影响

研究了烧结钕铁硼永磁材料的粉末流动性及添加润滑剂对粉末流动性与磁体取向度和磁性能的影响.结果表明:影响松装状态磁粉流动性的主要因素是粉末颗粒团聚,影响密实磁粉流动性的主要因素是颗粒间的摩擦力.添加适量的润滑剂可以防止粉末颗粒团聚、明显地减小摩擦力,改善粉末流动性,提高磁体的取向度、剩磁与磁能积.采用添加润滑剂和橡皮模等静压制成型工艺,批量生产的烧结钕铁硼磁体性能达到:Br=1.457 T,jHc=1148 kA/m(14.43 kOe),(BH)max=408 kJ/m3(51.3 MGOe).     

Properties improvement and structural optimization of sintered NdFeB magnets by non-rare earth compound grain boundary diffusion

Grain boundary diffusion using rare earth (RE)-containing compounds has recently become an effective approach for improving the coercivity and reducing the heavy RE content in sintered NdFeB magnets. Here we report the enhancement of magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of NdFeB magnets by a non-RE compound diffusion process. The Dy-free sintered NdFeB magnets were coated with an MgO layer by magnetron sputtering, followed by solid diffusion heat treatment. With the successful diffusion of MgO into the magnet, the coercivity increasing from 1094 to 1170 kA/m and the maximum energy product increasing from 240 to 261 kJ/m³, together with the enhanced temperature stability and corrosion resistance, have been demonstrated. The underlying mechanisms for these enhancements have been analyzed. Microstructural investigations show that MgO entered mainly into the intergranular regions and modified the composition and structure of the grain boundary phase. The intergranular Nd–O–Fe–Mg phases observed in the MgO diffused magnet contribute to the improved performance. The current non-RE compound grain boundary diffusion process has significance in further minimizing the use of rare earth (RE).     

不同表面处理工艺对快淬NdFeB永磁粉抗氧化性和磁性能影响

本文对快淬ＮｄＦｅＢ永磁粉分别采用化学镀镍,重铬酸盐钝化处理,重铬酸盐钝化还原处理以及硅烷偶联处理的重铬酸盐钝化－还原／硅烷复合处理等工艺进行了表面包覆,研究了表面包覆处理前后的快淬ＮｄＦｅＢ磁粉的抗氧化特性,并初步比较了包覆处理前后的快府ＮｄＦｅＢ磁粉制成粘结ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体的磁性能,结果表明上述工艺方法的均能改善ＮｄＦｅＢ磁粉的抗氧化性,其中以重铬酸盐钝化－还原／硅烷偶联处理形成的包覆层的抗氧化