含凹坑缺陷的压力管道的失效率

根据SAPV－96，即《含缺陷压力容器安全评定》中的延性断裂准则，以凹坑深度Z为广义强度，以管道压力p为广义应力，得出了含凹坑缺陷的压力管道的安全裕度M；提出了计算其可靠性指标β的快速收敛迭代算法－三阶段法；求出了其失效率Pf，并讨论了Pf随Z和p的均值及变异系数的变化。     

失效评定图中的等可靠性指标线

参照ＳＡＰＶ－９５规范,运用可靠性分析方法,得到了失效评定图中的等可靠性指标线,为迅速估计静载下含平面缺陷的压力管道的安全性奠定了基础。     

模糊人工神经网络技术在含缺陷压力管道可靠性计算中的应用

在用模糊人工神经网络技术预测含缺陷压力管道失效载荷的基础上，进行了压力管道的可靠性计算，并以一实例加以说明和验证该技术在含缺陷压力管道可靠性计算中的可行性。     

确定含环向缺陷压力管道临界裂纹长度的分析研究

本文对含缺陷压力管道裂纹穿透后的失效形式和失效分析方法进行了回顾，得出了确定临界裂纹长度的分析方法的选择图，并在三种载荷条件下，分别推导了含环向缺陷的压力管道临界裂纹长度的求取公式。     

20^#钢管道材料的R—O曲线关系参数及其分布

确定管道材料的R－O关系曲线参数及其分布对于含缺陷压力管道可靠性分析具有重要意义。本文以国产压力管道常用钢──一20＃钢作为研究材料,在对全尺寸管道的断裂试验的基础上,分析比较不同的R－O关系曲线的拟合方法,得出了适合20＃钢R－O关系曲线的拟合方法。并结合统计分析,得出20＃钢管道材料R－O关系曲线参数α、n均服从正态分布。     

在用含缺陷压力管道的安全性分析

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了7组不同情况下含平面缺陷的弯管有限元模型,对管道上裂缝进行了应力计算和分析,并采用GB/T19624-2004《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》标准对含裂缝缺陷的压力管道进行了简化评定。结果表明7组评定点均处于安全区域,故裂纹缺陷不影响管线正常运行。     

20^#碳钢管道流变应力不确定性分布的试验研究

确定管道流变应力的不确定性分布是对含缺陷压力管道进行可靠性评定的前提。本文以国产常用20#钢作为研究对象,进行了材料性能及全尺寸管道的断裂试验研究,通过对管试样数据和实测材料性能数据的比较,根据对试验结果的分析比较,得出20#碳钢管道的流变应力计算式应为：（σy＋σu）／2,并且其值服从对数正态分布。     

压力管道安全评定技术的进展

为保证压力管道的安全运行, 必须通过试验研究掌握含缺陷压力管道的破坏机理、失效模式、承载能力和在载荷作用下的裂纹张开面积和介质泄漏速率等规律, 同时寻求这些性能与管道材料、结构、缺陷尺寸等参数间的关系;从而建立压力管道缺陷评定方法、制订和修订相应的评定标准或准则; 按 “合乎使用的原则”对含缺陷的在役压力管道进行分别处理, 既做到经济又保证安全运行。由于压力管道大多数含环向缺陷,所以本文仅就含环向缺陷压力管道的评定方法作简要的介绍。     

复杂载荷下含未焊透缺陷压力管道塑性极限载荷分析

针对净截面垮塌(NSC)准则仅适用于拉、弯组合载荷的局限性,根据压力管道实际受力特点,提出了一种基于内压/弯矩/扭矩复杂载荷作用下的含未焊透缺陷压力管道塑性极限载荷理论分析方法及其表达式,该方法还充分考虑了管道曲率(管径比)、未焊透缺陷环向长度、深度对压力管道塑性极限载荷的影响。借助有限元分析方法对含各类未焊透缺陷的压力管道塑性极限载荷进行了数值计算并与理论值进行了比较。结果表明:该方法能较好地反映含未焊透缺陷压力管道的实际承载能力,结果可靠,可大大提高含未焊透缺陷压力管道安全评定的有效性。     

含几何缺陷金属管失稳外压计算模型的优化分析

采用理论与实验两种手段对大量不同条件下椭圆管道试样进行失稳分析,发现依据管道失稳模型得到的计算压力约为实验压力的60%,计算压力相较实验压力过于保守。由于该模型以牺牲管道使用率为代价换取管道的使用安全性,为进一步分析含几何缺陷金属管道在外压作用下失稳机理,提高管道使用效率及管道使用安全性,对已提出的计算模型做进一步优化及修正处理,并通过与实验结果比较,证明这种优化后的模型更为接近实际金属管道失稳情况。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.