新型三元复配抗氧体系的设计及其在煤基均聚PP中的应用

设计了一系列由主抗氧剂、辅助抗氧剂、碳自由基捕捉剂组成的不同种类、不同配比抗氧剂体系,并将其用于煤基均聚聚丙烯（PP）的抗热氧老化性能改性中。其中以巴斯夫抗氧剂 Irganox®1010、Irgafos®168主辅抗氧剂质量比1∶1为对比基准,通过测试并对比添加新型三元复配抗氧体系改性 PP的氧化诱导时间（OIT）、黄色指数、熔体流动速率、力学性能等性能指标,从而开发煤基均聚PP的最佳耐热氧老化助剂配方。结果表明,当主抗氧剂为Irganox®1010、辅抗氧剂为 Irgafos®168质量比为 1∶1并与羟胺类抗氧剂 Revonox®420复合使用时,改性 PP的 OIT最长为 9. 8 min,黄色指数为 1. 3,熔体流动速率为 10. 7 g/10 min,综合性能最佳;当主抗氧剂为 Irganox®1010、辅抗氧剂为 Irgafos®168质量比为1∶2时,改性PP的抗黄变效果最好,由此设计并优化的抗氧剂体系及其配比对煤基均聚PP的耐长期热氧老化 改性配方设计具有重要的启示。     

2′-羟基-3-芳基苯并呋喃酮在聚丙烯中的抗氧性能研究

采用多次挤出和高温加速老化的方法对2′-羟基-3-芳基苯并呋喃酮以及其与亚磷酸酯抗氧剂Irgafos168进行复配的二元体系在聚丙烯中的抗氧性能进行研究,并与受阻酚抗氧剂Irganox1010与亚磷酸酯抗氧剂Irgafos168的经典复配体系B225和B215进行比较,从而探究新的苯并呋喃酮-亚磷酸酯二元复配抗氧体系应用的可行性,结果显示:2′-羟基-3-芳基苯并呋喃酮具有优越于其他苯并呋喃酮的抗氧性能,其与羟基所引起的分子内氢键作用有关;此外,其与亚磷酸酯Irgafos168复配之后体现出优越于B225和B215的加工稳定性能以及与B225和B215的相当的长期热氧稳定性能,有望成为新的二元抗氧体系。     

苯并呋喃酮三元复合抗氧体系在PP中的抗氧化性能研究

采用多次挤出的方法对自制的四种不同结构苯并呋喃酮与受阻酚及亚磷酸酯的三元复配稳定体系在聚丙烯(PP)中的稳定化作用进行了研究,并与商业化产品Irganox HP-2225进行了比较.结果表明,含5-叔丁基-7-甲基-3-(3-羟基苯基)-3-氢-苯并呋喃-2-酮(PHBF2)的复配体系配方的多次挤出之后的熔体质量流动速率(MFR)最小,其余依次为5-叔丁基-7-甲基-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-3-氢-苯并呋喃-2-酮(ANBF2)、5-叔丁基-7-甲基-3-(3-甲基苯基)-3-氢-苯并呋喃-2-酮(TBF2)、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-3-氢-苯并呋喃-2-酮(OXBF1),这四种复配的抗氧剂的无氧稳定化均优于Irganox HP-2225.同时,由DSC测得的氧化开始温度(OOT)所表征的含氧条件下的稳定化效果差别不大,这表明在含氧条件下起主要热氧稳定化作用的是其中的共同组成部分-受阻酚及亚磷酸酯.而从造粒样品的热台红外(FFIR)测试得知:PP挤出加工过程中的高温剪切是导致PP断链降解的主要原因,单纯的热降解是一个很缓慢的过程.     

Irganox HP-136的抗氧化机理及对聚丙烯加工稳定性的影响

介绍了Irganox HP-136在PP加工中的作用，表明它能有效地捕获烷基自由基．与传统的受阻酚类及亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂复配与传统的二元抗氧稳定体系相比，具有添加量少、抗氧性能优等优点。比较了Irganox HP-136（3-芳基-苯并呋喃酮）与传统抗氧剂的抗氧机理．并分析了在聚合物稳定体系中的作用。     

Irganox(R) HP-136的抗氧化机理及对聚丙烯加工稳定性的影响

介绍了Irganox(R) HP-136在PP加工中的作用,表明它能有效地捕获烷基自由基,与传统的受阻酚类及亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂复配与传统的二元抗氧稳定体系相比,具有添加量少、抗氧性能优等优点.比较了Irganox(R) HP-136(3-芳基-苯并呋喃酮)与传统抗氧剂的抗氧机理,并分析了在聚合物稳定体系中的作用.     

Irganox® HP-136的抗氧化机理及对聚丙烯加工稳定性的影响

介绍了Irganox(R) HP-136在PP加工中的作用,表明它能有效地捕获烷基自由基,与传统的受阻酚类及亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂复配与传统的二元抗氧稳定体系相比,具有添加量少、抗氧性能优等优点.比较了Irganox(R) HP-136(3-芳基-苯并呋喃酮)与传统抗氧剂的抗氧机理,并分析了在聚合物稳定体系中的作用.     

复合抗氧剂在煤基聚丙烯中的应用研究

分别采用不同质量比的1010和168复合抗氧剂、硬脂酸钙制备出一系列煤基PP S1003,通过不同温度下氧化诱导期(OIT)测试、多次挤出熔体流动速率测试、黄色指数YI测试等对S1003中的热氧稳定性、加工稳定性进行了分析研究.结果表明,随着主辅协同抗氧剂体系当中1010含量的提升,抗氧剂所稳定S1003体系相同温度下...     

抗氧剂在聚丙烯中的应用研究

采用多次挤出的方法和氧化诱导期(OIT)方法考察了抗氧剂对聚丙烯热氧稳定性的影响,测定了各次挤出试样的熔体流动速率(MFR)、黄度指数(YI)、力学性能以及氧化诱导期(OIT)。实验结果表明:添加由主抗氧剂1010和辅抗氧剂168组成的复合抗氧剂后聚丙烯的熔体流动速率(MFR)、黄度指数(YI)、拉伸强度和冲击强度、氧化诱导期(OIT)与未添加抗氧剂的聚丙烯相比降低明显减缓,说明抗氧剂可有效抑制聚丙烯的老化,延长其使用寿命。     

Irganox~ HP-136的抗氧化机理及对聚丙烯加工稳定性的影响

介绍了Irganox~HP-136在PP加工中的作用,表明它能有效地捕获烷基自由基,与传统的受阻酚类及亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂复配与传统的二元抗氧稳定体系相比,具有添加量少、抗氧性能优等优点。比较了Irganox~HP-136(3-芳基-苯并呋喃酮)与传统抗氧剂的抗氧机理,并分析了在聚合物稳定体系中的作用。     

Irganox HP-136的稳定机理及在PP稳定过程中的作用

Irganox HP-136（3-芳基-苯并呋喃酮）是一种高效的自由基捕捉剂,它能有效地捕获以碳为中心的自由基,许多实验表明它在聚合物稳定过程中起到了重要的作用.本文比较了Irganox HP-136与传统抗氧剂的抗氧机理,并分析了其在PP稳定过程中的作用.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。