液-液水力旋流器中的液滴破碎

在总结前人研究成果的基础上,分析了液-液水力旋流嚣中液滴破碎产生的原因,指出流场的湍流特性是产生液滴破碎的主要原因。对水力旋流器中的湍流度、雷诺切应力及颗粒的湍动能进行了分析,给出了水力旋流器中液滴破碎可能性较大的几个部位,并对旋流器边壁液滴破碎的可能性进行了讨论。分析了水力旋流器中液滴破碎的机理,阐明了液滴破碎判据——临界Weber数的表达式,并对理想球形液滴的破碎进行了分析。     

液滴碰撞亲-疏水性组合壁面的数值分析

采用VOF方法对液滴碰撞亲-疏水性组合壁面过程进行数值模拟。通过量纲1化,在Reynolds数不变的情况下,研究Weber数和亲水性区域直径对液滴碰撞动态特性的影响,绘制了液滴碰撞结果分区图。结果表明：随着Weber数从1增加至100,液滴呈现出附着、短液滴一次破碎和长液滴多次破碎3种状态;液滴破碎过程受到表面张力、壁面黏附力及Rayleigh不稳定性的影响,亲水性区域直径增加时,液滴破碎所对应的临界Weber数随之增大;此外,Weber数较大时,液滴最大铺展因子不受亲水性区域直径的影响,Weber数较小时,最大铺展因子随亲水性区域直径的增大而增大。     

液滴碰撞亲-疏水性组合壁面的数值分析

采用VOF方法对液滴碰撞亲-疏水性组合壁面过程进行数值模拟。通过量纲1化,在Reynolds数不变的情况下,研究Weber数和亲水性区域直径对液滴碰撞动态特性的影响,绘制了液滴碰撞结果分区图。结果表明:随着Weber数从1增加至100,液滴呈现出附着、短液滴一次破碎和长液滴多次破碎3种状态;液滴破碎过程受到表面张力、壁面黏附力及Rayleigh不稳定性的影响,亲水性区域直径增加时,液滴破碎所对应的临界Weber数随之增大;此外,Weber数较大时,液滴最大铺展因子不受亲水性区域直径的影响,Weber数较小时,最大铺展因子随亲水性区域直径的增大而增大。     

湍流分散体系中液滴破碎频率模型的黏性修正

在分析研究分散相黏度对液滴变形和破碎影响的基础上,提出了一个改进的液滴破碎频率模型并拓展了液滴破碎判据标准.同时通过Monte Carlo模拟的随机方法,得到了湍流搅拌槽中液-液分散体系的液滴直径分布和Sauter平均直径d₃₂.通过与文献中关于d₃₂的实验结果比较发现,该模型预测的Sauter平均直径更接近实验值,对于黏性分散相改进的液滴破碎频率模型要优于Coulaloglou和Tavlarides提出的模型.计算结果表明对于黏性分散相液滴,其黏度限制了液滴变形,使得液滴破碎频率被大大减少, 液滴直径明显增加,液滴直径分布向右偏移.     

单液滴撞击超疏水冷表面的反弹及破碎行为

对直径2.8 mm的液滴撞击冷表面的动态行为进行快速可视化观测，对比研究单液滴撞击普通冷表面以及超疏水冷表面的动力学特性，同时对初始撞击速度以及冷表面温度对液滴动态演化行为的影响进行了对比分析。实验结果表明：与液滴撞击普通冷表面（温度-25~-5℃）发生瞬时冻结沉积相比，液滴撞击超疏水冷表面时均未发生冻结，而且伴随铺展、回缩、反弹以及破碎行为；撞击速度越大，普通冷表面上液滴铺展因子越大，而且液滴越易冻结。液滴低速（We≤76）撞击超疏水冷表面会发生反弹现象，但速度对液滴最大铺展时间无影响；液滴高速（We≥115）撞击超疏水冷表面后会产生明显液指，而且破碎为多组卫星液滴。此外，冷表面温度仅影响液滴反弹高度，对液滴最大铺展因子以及液滴铺展时间影响较小。结果表明超疏水表面可显著抑制液滴撞击冷表面的瞬时冻结沉积。     

单液滴撞击超疏水冷表面的反弹及破碎行为

对直径2.8 mm的液滴撞击冷表面的动态行为进行快速可视化观测,对比研究单液滴撞击普通冷表面以及超疏水冷表面的动力学特性,同时对初始撞击速度以及冷表面温度对液滴动态演化行为的影响进行了对比分析。实验结果表明:与液滴撞击普通冷表面(温度-25~-5℃)发生瞬时冻结沉积相比,液滴撞击超疏水冷表面时均未发生冻结,而且伴随铺展、回缩、反弹以及破碎行为;撞击速度越大,普通冷表面上液滴铺展因子越大,而且液滴越易冻结。液滴低速(We≤76)撞击超疏水冷表面会发生反弹现象,但速度对液滴最大铺展时间无影响;液滴高速(We≥115)撞击超疏水冷表面后会产生明显液指,而且破碎为多组卫星液滴。此外,冷表面温度仅影响液滴反弹高度,对液滴最大铺展因子以及液滴铺展时间影响较小。结果表明超疏水表面可显著抑制液滴撞击冷表面的瞬时冻结沉积。     

导叶式旋流器内油滴的聚结破碎及影响因素

利用流场测试实验和模拟计算对导叶式旋流器的内部流场和湍流性能进行研究,得到导致旋流场中油滴发生聚结破碎现象的内因为时均速度梯度引起的黏性剪切力和湍流流动引起的高剪切应力及湍动能,并分析了油滴破碎的主要发生部位。同时为宏观考察导叶式旋流器内油滴聚结与破碎相对作用强弱,验证了旋流器的分离性能作为表征量的可行性,并在此基础上,利用导叶式旋流器的分离性能实验结果对油滴聚结破碎发生的外因进行研究,结果表明导向叶片的结构参数（叶片数和叶片出口角）和旋流器的操作参数（入口流速、溢流率、分散相入口浓度和操作温度）均会影响到油滴在旋流器中的存在和运动形态。     

液液旋流器中粒径、流量和效率的关系

在固液旋流器中 ,流量和粒径被孤立地看作是影响分离的两个参数。本文以除油旋流器的实验结果为基础 ,阐述了液液水力旋流器中流量的作用机理 ,以及液滴和流量之间的联系 ,综合分析了粒径和流量对分离的影响 ,定性地给出了液液水力旋流器的粒径 -流量 -效率曲线 ,并为液液旋流器的深入研究提供了新思路     

电场作用下液滴的变形及库仑分裂模式

基于高速成像技术,本文对电场作用下甲醇液滴的显微形貌特征进行了可视化研究,精确捕捉了两相流体系中不同生长阶段的荷电液滴基于时间分辨特性的变形及库仑分裂演变行为,得到不同工况下荷电液滴的变形分裂过程及行为演化细节。基于液滴所受库仑力和介电泳力与周围流域的耦合作用,揭示了电场作用下不同生长阶段的液滴库仑分裂形成机理。结果表明,电场强度和液滴粒径是决定液滴变形及库仑分裂模式的主要因素,荷电液滴的变形及库仑分裂模式可以分为推压变形、顶部破碎、顶部-边端破碎、伞状破碎。结合量纲为1参数对液滴的变形及破碎特征进行了定量分析,随着电场强度的增大及液滴粒径的减小,液滴变形及顶部破碎的程度更加剧烈,液滴临界伞状破碎长度减小。     

同向双螺杆挤出过程中多相体系相畴破碎的理论与实验研究I:理论分析

简要叙述了聚合物共混体系破碎理论的发展过程 ,并对已有的 3种粘弹性体系分散相液滴破碎理论进行了分析讨论 ,在此基础上建立了一种新的粘弹性体系分散相液滴破碎理论。     

Facilitated transport of carbon monoxide: A review

Studies on facilitated transport of carbon monoxide across immobilized liquid membrane have been summarized. The effect of physico-chemical parameters on the facilitated flux in different carriers have been critically examined and scope for improving the performance of the existing solute-carrier system explored. Keeping relevance to industrial separation system, the membrane stability problems have been analysed based on well known Kelvin effect. Recommendations on probable application of facilitated transport membrane to separation of carbon monoxide from industrial gas streams have been made. A new solute-carrier system has been suggested.     

酯交换法合成碳酸二甲酯工艺研究

通过酯交换法,以甲醇和碳酸丙烯酯为原料,反应精饱同最佳剂,确定了其用量,考察了原料配比等对反应转化率的影响。同时,采用萃取精馏法对甲醇＝碳酸二甲酯二元恒沸物进行了分离研究,得到了适宜的萃取剂,研究了萃取剂的配比和回流比对分离性能的影响。并考察了催化剂和萃取剂的回收及循环使用对反应和分离性能的影响。对副产品丙二醇的回收及回流比对其纯度的影响也进行了考察。     

A function of external doping: Characteristics of inorganic nanostructure based diode

The present study has been related to synthesis and characterization of ZnO films growth by chemical spray pyrolysis technique. Variation in the characteristics of ZnO film has been evaluated as a function of Cobalt content. The influence of cobalt content on structural, morphological, optical and electrical features have been observed by XRD, SEM, AFM, UV–vis spectroscopy and I-V measurement, respectively. Structural measurements of the samples indicate that all samples have polycrystalline nature with (002) preferential orientation. SEM and AFM images have indicated that films have smooth and uniform morphology. Changes in the surface morphology of the samples have been explained by taking Cobalt incorporation into consideration. Optical studies reveal that the band gap values of the samples exhibit decreasing tendency with Cobalt content. Performance of ZnO films in Schottky diode application has been conducted by evaporation Au contact on ZnO:Co films. From I-V curves of the devices, it has been observed that all devices exhibit good rectifying properties. Also, some diode parameters such as ideality factor, barrier height have been calculated by considering thermionic emission theory (TE) and have been found in the range of 1.89–1.57 and 0.57–0.62 eV, respectively. Additionally, these results and series resistance values of the diodes have been checked and calculated by using Cheung's function. Results showed that all diode parameters highly depended on cobalt concentration. All results have been discussed in detail depending on cobalt incorporation.     

Décantation assistée par ultrasons des eaux résiduaires

The impact of ultrasound on settling in water treatment has been studied. The effects already measured of ultrasound on the settling properties of various effluents have been identified and these effects have been observed in a static and a dynamic study. Sonification conditions suitable for optimizing such a process have been determined. The results show the primary role that stationary wave systems have in the settling of effluents (flocculated or not, synthesized or real). With flocculated effluents, a true impact on settling can be observed.     

A physicochemical study of magnesian-aluminian fluxes and tests on converter production

Physicochemical tests have been done on magnesian-aluminian fluxes (MAF) for use in converters to improve the resistance of the lining. Various components in the materials for making the fluxes have been examined in relation to the mineral and phase compositions of the MAF and the structures in them. Thermographic tests have been done on the structural changes on heating the fluxes. Strength measurements have been made on MAF briquettes as affected by the time for which the fluxes have been kept in air and the rates of dissolution of them in the slag liquid. Data are given on tests on the fluxes in melting steel in oxygen converters Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 12, pp. 28–32, December, 2008.     

Liquid-liquid equilibrium studies for separation of aromatics

Liquid-liquid equilibrium studies have been carried out on 11 solvents using two binary hydrocarbon mixtures for selective extraction of aromatics. The solvents used have been compared on the basis of selectivity, solvent capacity and tie line correlation curves. Tie line data have been determined for 18 systems. The selectivity and solvent power of solvents as obtained from limiting activity coefficient and tie line data have been compared. The selectivity and capacity of solvents have been related to their structure through an empirical parameter.     

SOME REMARKS ON FLOWS IN CHANNELS WITH PERIODIC ABRUPT EXPANSIONS

Flow in a certain class of plane and axisymmetrical periodic channels have been theoretically and experimentally examined. The general properties of solution of the stationary Navier-Stokes equation in such flows have been formulated. The results of experiments have been analysed with help of the Forchheimer equation. Some general remarks on the Darcy law and the Forchheimer equation applicability basing on presented theory and visualization of examined flows have been also formulated.     

SOME REMARKS ON FLOWS IN CHANNELS WITH PERIODIC ABRUPT EXPANSIONS

Flow in a certain class of plane and axisymmetrical periodic channels have been theoretically and experimentally examined. The general properties of solution of the stationary Navier-Stokes equation in such flows have been formulated. The results of experiments have been analysed with help of the Forchheimer equation. Some general remarks on the Darcy law and the Forchheimer equation applicability basing on presented theory and visualization of examined flows have been also formulated.     

Studies of oligomers by gel permeation chromatography

The photoinitiated reactions of bromotrichloromethane and of carbon tetrabromide on styrene, and of bromotrichloromethane on methyl methacrylate have been studied. The products have been analysed by gel permeation chromatography and the transfer constants for the first few steps in the polymerisations have been determined; some Arrhenius parameters have also been found. The processes may provide a synthetic route to a number of oligomers which are difficult to form by other methods.