传统发酵食品中功能成分的研究进展

传统发酵食品具有悠久的历史，且种类繁多，因其独特的风味和功能而深受大众欢迎。该文就传统发酵食品的功能成分及其作用，以及传统发酵行业所面临的问题作一综述，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

传统韩国泡菜中的乳酸菌研究进展

乳酸菌作为韩国泡菜发酵过程中的主体微生物类群,其种类和数量构成直接关系着产品品质和安全。该文以乳酸菌为主线阐明传统韩国泡菜腌渍过程中乳酸菌菌群的发生、发展和演替过程,进而分析乳酸菌菌群与产品品质和安全的内在联系以及发掘益生性和拮抗性乳酸菌资源,为我国传统乳酸发酵食品研究提供借鉴与参考。     

传统发酵食品中乳酸菌的安全性评估

本文以传统发酵食品中分离的38株乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria,LAB)为研究对象,利用溶血试验、明胶液化试验和吲哚试验测试受试菌株相关产毒代谢产物,采用K-B纸片法检测菌株对25种抗生素的耐药表型,运用聚合酶链式反应检测菌株携带的耐药基因.结果表明:38株乳酸菌的溶血试验、明胶液化试验和吲哚试验均为...     

传统培养结合分子生物学法分析传统发酵食品中乳酸菌的多样性

利用传统分离培养法和基于PCR-DGGE的分子生物学方法来分析酸菜和酸奶等广西特色传统发酵食品中乳酸菌的多样性.结果显示,用传统分离培养结合分子生物学方法共获得7个属的乳酸菌,其中乳杆菌属是主要优势菌群.传统分离法与分子生物学法法结合能够更有效的分析传统发酵食品中乳酸菌的多样性,获得更全面的信息.     

我国传统发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌多样性的研究进展

对我国传统发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌生物多样性的研究进行综述,分析了榨菜、大头菜、东北酸菜、发酵辣椒等 发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌的优势菌群,指出了目前传统发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌多样性研究的不足,为进一步阐明乳酸菌在传统 发酵蔬菜风味形成中的作用机理提供一定的参考。     

富硒乳酸菌及其发酵食品的研究进展

乳酸菌作为益生菌中的一个类群,被广泛应用于食品、医药以及化妆品行业。硒,作为人体必需的微量元素之一,在人体新陈代谢及免疫调节方面起到至关重要的作用。近年来,富硒乳酸菌因为其突出的抗氧化性、抗炎症、抗癌活性以及可以将无机硒转化成有利于人体吸收的有机硒而备受关注。然而,乳酸菌对于硒的代谢途径还有待进一步深入研究;同时,对于富硒益生菌及其发酵食品的毒性及副作用也需要更为全面的测试与评估。本文从硒元素的价态、硒对于乳酸菌生长的影响、乳酸菌对硒的有机转化、富硒乳酸菌的生物活性以及富硒功能食品这五个方面对其进行综述。      

发酵食品中乳酸菌的耐药性研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高,发酵食品在消费市场中备受欢迎,发酵食品的工艺制造过程中少不了乳酸菌的参与。那么如何应对乳酸菌的耐药性来解决食品潜在的质量安全问题令人深思。本文从市场上常见的发酵食品出发,对乳酸菌耐药性研究进展进行相关论述,意在提供一些建议。     

传统发酵食品中乳酸菌与酵母菌互作机制研究进展

传统发酵食品历史悠久、风味独特并具有一定地域特色,深受当地居民喜爱,但在进一步推广中却面临产品质量不稳定、缺乏安全保障等问题。乳酸菌和酵母菌广泛存在于各类传统发酵食品中,并在发酵过程中起重要作用,因此,解析二者间的互作机制能为传统发酵食品发展提供理论支撑。目前已发现乳酸菌和酵母菌的互作机制可分为代谢产物互补、影响细胞生长、群体感应现象3大类。该文综述了乳酸菌与酵母菌混菌发酵两者间相互作用的研究方法及作用机制,以期为传统发酵食品工业化发展提供一定思路。     

传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

对乳酸菌的分类、应用以及传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的分离和鉴定方法进行详述,为今后传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌的分离、鉴定及进一步纯化应用奠定了理论基础.     

Isolation and applied potential of lactic acid bacteria from Chinese traditional fermented food in specific ecological localities

The isolation and screening of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from natural sources have been one of the powerful means to obtain strains for the food industry. A total of 275 indigenous isolates were obtained from 43 samples of traditional fermented foods in specific ecological niches throughout the northwestern China, and among which 13 strains of LAB were selected for their potential in food preservation and production. Among the 13 isolates, Lactobacillus (10) was dominant over Lactococcus (3). The distribution of the isolates was as follows: Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei (J23, M10, M20, M22), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (J20, M18), Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (X20, Q7), Lactobacillus casei (Q1, Q12), Lactobacillus plantarum (J11), Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris (X8), Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (Q5). All 13 isolates produced bacteriocin with a broad inhibitory spectrum against selected Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative pathogenic and spoilage species. Biochemical analysis revealed that they possessed high acidification and coagulation activity. Several strains possessed the high activity of 2 or 3 technological characteristics, related to novel starters and food preservatives.     

Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in sian-sianzih (fermented clams), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Sian‐sianzih (fermented clams) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microflora in sian‐sianzih have not been studied in detail. In this study, LAB from sian‐sianzih were isolated, characterized and identified. RESULTS: A total of 186 cultures of LAB were isolated from seven sian‐sianzih samples and 29 cultures were isolated from its main raw substrate: clams. The identification results revealed up to 11 distinct bacterial species belonging to five genera in sian‐sianzih, and three species belonging to two genera in clams. The most common bacterial genera in sian‐sianzih were Lactobacillus and Weissella, followed by Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Lactococcus. A regional similarity in LAB, with differences in diversity, was observed in the current study. On the other hand, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was the most common species found in raw clam samples. The results also suggested that greater LAB diversity could be observed in wild clams than in cultured ones. Furthermore, antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined, and one Weisella hellenica strain showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain Lactobacilluas sakei JCM 1157^T. A sensory assessment of seven sian‐sianzih samples was also performed and the results indicated that diversity of LAB has a great effect on its aroma and taste formation. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that various LAB species are distributed in sian‐sianzih and have a great effect on the flavor of sian‐sianzih. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Jiang‐gua (fermented cucumbers) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The microflora of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in jiang‐gua have not been investigated in detail. In this study, LAB from jiang‐gua were isolated, characterised and identified. RESULTS: A total of 103 LAB were isolated; 70 cultures were isolated from jiang‐gua samples and 33 cultures were isolated from its raw substrate, cucumber. These isolates were mainly characterised phenotypically and then divided into seven groups (A‐G) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. The isolates were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus, Leuconostoc lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Weissella cibaria and Weissella hellenica. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined and 11 Lc. lactis subsp. lactis strains showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei JCM 1157^T. CONCLUSION: Heterofermentative W. cibaria and Leu. lactis were the major LAB found in jiang‐gua samples without soy sauce. In soy sauce‐added samples, homofermentative L. pentosus and L. plantarum were the most abundant LAB. In addition, the results also suggested that HhaI and RsaI restriction enzymes could be applied to distinguish W. hellenica and Weissella paramesenteroides. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

传统发酵蔬菜中耐乙醇型乳酸菌的研究进展

发酵蔬菜一般都是由乳酸菌等多种微生物发酵而成,发酵过程中会产生有机酸、乙醇、氨基酸等物质。乙醇和有机酸形成酯类物质,赋予发酵蔬菜特有的香气。但是发酵蔬菜发酵过程中如果乙醇浓度过高,则会抑制乳酸菌发挥作用。因此,该文主要总结传统发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌的筛选方法、乳酸菌培养基优化、乳酸菌的乙醇耐受性、乳酸菌的诱变、乳酸菌的复配及应用等方面的研究进展,为人工接种乳酸菌发酵传统蔬菜产业化生产提供依据。     

传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌和酵母菌的互作关系

论述了传统发酵乳制品(酸马奶酒、开菲尔、西藏灵菇)的产品特点、微生物分布规律,并对国内外传统发酵乳制品中乳酸菌和酵母菌的互作关系的研究进展进行综述,期望为我国研究乳酸菌和酵母菌的共生机理提供新的思路.     

Isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from yan-jiang (fermented ginger), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Yan‐jiang (fermented ginger) is a popular traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) microflora in yan‐jiang has not been studied in detail. In this study, LAB from yan‐jiang were isolated, characterised and identified. RESULTS: A total of 176 LAB were isolated; 160 cultures were isolated from yan‐jiang samples and 16 cultures were isolated from raw ginger. These isolates were characterised phenotypically and then divided into nine groups (A to I) by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Lactobacillus sakei and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were the major LAB found in the initial 2 days of fermentation without pickled plums; these species were mostly replaced by Weissella cibaria and L. plantarum after 3 days of fermentation. In the fermentation bucket with added pickled plums, W. cibaria was the most abundant LAB found during fermentation. The antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined. Twenty‐four Lc. lactis subsp. lactis and 19 W. cibaria strains showed inhibitory activity against the indicator strain L. sakei JCM 1157^T. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that various LAB species were more numerous when fermentation was carried out without pickled plums. LAB also had effects on the aroma and flavour of yan‐jiang. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

产细菌素乳酸菌在蔬菜发酵制品生物保鲜中的应用

生物保鲜（biopreservation）是当今食品保藏和食品安全研究的热点。近年来,大量的研究致力于细菌素和产细菌素菌种在食品生物保鲜中的应用策略。本文主要介绍最新的产细菌素乳酸菌（LAB）在蔬菜发酵制品中的应用,通过将产细菌素乳酸菌作为发酵菌剂（starter culture）、保护菌剂（protective culture）或共培养菌剂（co-culture）运用到蔬菜的发酵制作中,以稳定蔬菜发酵过程中微生物体系,控制腐败和病原菌的存活和生长。      

Diversity of lactic acid bacteria from Hussuwa, a traditional African fermented sorghum food

The diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with Hussuwa fermentation, a Sudanese fermented sorghum food, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomical approach. Predominant strains could be well characterised based on a combination of phenotypic tests and genotypic methods such as ARDRA, rep-PCR and RAPD-PCR, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing of representative strains. Thus, the majority (128 of 220, 58.3%) of strains exhibited phenotypic properties typical of heterofermentative lactobacilli and of these, 100 strains were characterised more closely using the genotyping methods. The majority (97/100) strains could be characterised as Lactobacillus fermentum strains. Seventy-two of 220 strains (32.7%) showed phenotypic properties that are characteristic of pediococci. Of 41 selected strains investigated by genotyping techniques, 38 (92.7%) could be characterised as Pediococcus acidilactici strains, while three (7.3%) could be characterised as Pediococcus pentosaceus strains. The Hussuwa fermentation thus appears to be dominated by L. fermentum strains and P. acidilactici strains. For this reason, we selected representative and predominant strains as potential starter cultures for Hussuwa fermentation. These strains, L. fermentum strains BFE 2442 and BFE 2282 and P. acidilactici strain BFE 2300, were shown on the basis of RAPD-PCR fingerprinting to predominate in a model fermentation when used as starter cultures inoculated at 1 × 10⁶ CFU/g and to lower the pH of the fermentation to below pH 4.0 within 48 h. These cultures should be studied for further development as starter preparations in pilot scale studies in actual field fermentations.     

西式发酵香肠中乳酸菌菌相构成及其作用与功能研究进展

乳酸菌作为西式发酵香肠生产过程中不可或缺的主体微生物类群,其种类和数量直接关系着产品的品质和安全。同时,西式发酵香肠还存在着丰富的乳酸菌资源。该文以乳酸菌为主线揭示西式香肠发酵过程中乳酸菌的菌相构成,重点分析乳酸菌对发酵香肠品质和安全的保障作用与功能,关注从发酵香肠生境发掘优良发酵剂和益生性乳酸菌资源,以期为提升我国传统发酵香肠的品质,保障安全性提供参考。