SMA/MMT纳米复合材料的制备

采用原位插层法制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物／蒙脱土（SMA／MMT）纳米复合材料,采用X射线衍射研究了苯乙烯与马来酸酐的配比、蒙脱土用量、引发剂浓度、溶剂类型、聚合温度等因素对插层效果的影响。结果表明,当MMT的用量为3％（质量分数＋下同）时,可制得剥离型的SMA／MMT纳米复合材料;当苯乙烯与马来酸酐的质量比为1：1,MMT用量为15％、引发剂用量为1％、以丁酮为溶剂、聚合温度为90℃时,可制备出部分剥离型的SMA／MMT纳米复合材料。     

有机插层剂对聚酰胺6／MMT纳米复合材料制备的影响研究

以烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸作为有机插层剂与蒙脱土片层进行阳离子交换，制备出层间距不同的有机蒙脱土。采用熔融插层法和原位聚合法分别制备聚酰胺（R％）／蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料，并利用XRD、FT-IR、TEM对有机蒙脱土及纳米复合材料进行结构表征。研究结果表明：用烷基胺、季铵盐和氨基酸有机插层剂改性的蒙脱土层间距由原来的1．25nm分别增大到3．21nm、3．99nm和1．82m；季铵盐有机插层剂更适用于熔融插层法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料，而氨基酸有机插层剂更适用于原位聚合法制备PA6／MMT纳米复合材料。     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备研究

本文以聚丙烯和有机蒙脱土为原料，采用插层复合法制备聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，用透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行表征，测定了复合材料的力学性能，结果表明，用马来酸酐化聚丙烯作界面相容剂，聚丙烯大分子链分子插层进入到有机改性蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层中间，并且聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高。     

有机蒙脱土改性环氧树脂的研究

利用离子交换反应制备了有机蒙脱土，用插层聚合法制得了有机蒙脱土／改性环氧树脂纳米复合材料。利用傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、元素分析对有机蒙脱土进行了表征，探讨了长链烷基季铵盐类表面活性剂与蒙脱土片层的界面作用对复合材料性能的影响。     

原位插层法制备SMA/MMT纳米复合材料

采用原位聚合的方法制备了苯乙烯马来酸酐无规共聚物（SMA）/蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料,研究了MMT的用量对插层效果的影响.研究表明,采用原位聚合的方法可制得SMA/MMT纳米复合材料,随着MMT用量的增加,SMA/MMT纳米复合材料逐渐由插层型过渡到部分剥离.并且将原位聚合所得SMA/MMT纳米复合材料再次进行熔融插层后,可得到剥离效果更为明显的纳米复合材料.制得的SMA/MMT纳米复合材料具有较好的加工性能.     

高密度聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯酯（EVA-g-MAH）和马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯（PE-LD-g-MAH）为相容剂，制备了高密度聚乙烯傣脱土（PE-HD／MMT）纳米复合材料。用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对有机蒙脱土和PE-HD／MMT复合材料的结构进行了表征，研究了蒙脱土和相容剂含量对制备的纳米复合材料力学性能及热性能的影响。结果表明，相容剂的加入有利于插层。MMT在复合材料中呈纳米级分散。其层间距可由2．10nm增大至3．85nm。MMT含量为3％（质量分数，下同）、EVA-g-MAH含量为15％时，复合材料的综合力学性能最好，冲击强度和拉伸强度分别较PE-HD提高43．7％和5.8％。     

聚丙烯／三元乙丙橡胶／改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备和性能

用马来酸酐和苯乙烯改性蒙脱土得到改性蒙脱土（SMA-MMT），然后用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯（PP）／三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）／改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料，且加入接枝物PP-g-MAH-St作为相容剂。X射线衍射分析显示SMA-MMT的层间距达到3．98nm。透射电镜分析表明聚合物分子链已经插入蒙脱土片层中。接枝物含量为15％（质量分数，下同）时，复合材料的力学性能达到最好，拉伸强度和冲击强度分别为32．4MPa和79．5J／m。差示扫描量热分析结果表明，PP-g-MAH-St和SMA-MMT的加入可以改善PP的结晶性能，当PP-g-MAH-St和SMA-MMT含量分别为15％和2％时，复合材料中PP的结晶温度为120℃。     

SMA/OMMT纳米复合材料的燃烧行为

将苯乙烯-马来酸酐无规共聚物(SMA)与有机蒙脱土(OMMT)直接熔融复合,得到插层型SMA/OMMT纳米复合材料。采用水平燃烧、热重分析、高温处理等方法研究了纳米复合材料的燃烧行为。结果表明:与SMA相比,SMA/OMMT纳米复合材料在燃烧时不再熔融滴落,发烟量减小且能够自熄,水平燃烧级别由FH-3级升为FH-2级,材料的耐高温性能和阻燃性能显著增强。     

PB-TPE/OMMT复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用烷基季铵盐类有机插层剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对蒙脱土（MMT）进行了改性处理,制备了有机化蒙脱土（OMMT）,并对聚丁烯-1热塑性弹性体（PB-TPE）进行了马来酸酐接枝改性（PB-TPE-g-MAH）。以PB-TPE-g-MAH为相容剂,通过熔融插层法制备了PB-TPE-g-MAH/OM-MT纳米复合材料。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X-衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）等手段分析了材料结构。结果表明：OMMT在PB-TPE-g-MAH体系中得到了插层和部分剥离,使有机蒙脱土片层间距由原来的1.96 nm增加到3.81 nm。与不含蒙脱土的PB-TPE相比,PB-TPE-g-MAH/OMMT纳米复合材料的拉伸性能得到明显提高。     

聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

以蒙脱土／十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为前驱物负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂，通过插层原位聚合的方法制备了聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。对聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备规律进行了研究。用透射电镜、扫描电镜、XRD，DSC等手段研究了结构和性能的相互关系，以及蒙脱土的含量对复合材料熔点与结晶行为的影响。研究表明：蒙脱土的片层结构被破坏，并以纳米级均匀分散在聚合物基体中。蒙脱土的质量分数为3％左右时，聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优良的综合性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。