产腈水合酶菌株的驯化研究

以Nocardia sp. LNSY0611为出发菌株,通过逐渐增加培养基中丙烯腈的浓度重复继代培养,得到一株酶活为72.5 U·mg-1的腈水合酶高活力菌株Nocardia sp. LNSY0611XH,酶活比出发菌株提高了15倍.初步确定驯化最优条件为:葡萄糖20 g·L-1、诱导剂脲0.06 g·L-1、Co2 0.3 g·L-1、丙烯酰胺10%、温度30℃及pH 7.在此条件下,腈水合酶可高效表达.     

红色诺卡氏菌高产菌的ARTP诱变选育与发酵条件优化

以红色诺卡氏菌(Nocardia rubra)FIM-PO8为出发菌株,采用常压室温等离子体(ARTP)技术进行诱变,经筛选获得遗传较稳定的Nocardia rubra高产菌株FIM-PO8-16,并通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了菌株FIM-PO8-16的发酵工艺。确定最佳发酵培养基组分为：酵母粉2.5%、葡萄糖2.5%、蛋白胨0.5%、糊精1.0%;最佳发酵条件为：种子液菌龄30 h、初始pH值7.2、接种量2.0%、装料量100 mL/500 mL、转速230 r·min^-1、发酵温度32℃。在此条件下,FIM-PO8-16菌体细胞浓度大幅提高,达到8.31%。     

一株产腈水合酶菌株酶活高效表达条件的研究

以抚顺腈纶厂废水中筛选的一株Nocardia sp为出发菌株,通过逐渐增加培养基中丙烯腈的体积浓度重复继代培养,得到1株酶活高效表达的Nocardia sp菌,酶活比出发菌株提高了15倍。确定了菌株培养的最优条件:葡萄糖(25 g/L),诱导剂脲(0.06 g/L)、Co2+(0.02 g/L)、丙烯酰胺(10%),反应条件pH(7)、温度(20℃),底物丙烯腈体积分数(<5%),产物丙烯酰胺的质量分数(<20%)。正交实验表明,反应温度和脲的加入量为反应过程中的显著因素。     

一株产聚乙烯醇降解酶的紫色杆菌的发酵条件研究

从聚乙烯醇(PVA)污染环境中筛选出一株产聚乙烯醇降解酶活力较高的菌株WSH04-01,该菌株能够利用聚乙烯醇作为唯一碳源进行生长.通过一系列生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析结果,鉴定该菌株属于紫色杆菌属(Janthinobacterium sp.),实验室编号WSH04-01.这是目前国内外有关紫色杆菌产生PVA降解酶的首例报道.首先对菌株合成PVA降解酶的营养条件进行了考察,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了菌株最优培养条件为PVA10 g·L-1,葡萄糖3 g·L-1,酵母膏6 g·L-1,K2HPO4 2 g·L-1,KH2PO4 0 25 g·L-1,MgSO4 0.05 g·L-1,CaCl2 0.05 g·L-1,FeSO4·7H2O0.02 g·L-1,NaCl 0.02 g·L-1.最适发酵温度为30℃,培养基初始pH为7.2,装液量为30 mL培养基(250mL摇瓶)-1,接种量为8%.在最优条件下,PVA降解酶酶活可以达到4.94 U·mL-1,略高于正交试验中的最高酶活(4.83 U·mL-1).同时利用凝胶渗透色谱得到分子量分布图,对最优发酵条件下发酵过程中聚乙烯醇的降解进行了验证.     

石油降解菌株Pseudomonas sp．DY12的筛选及降解性能研究

从石油炼厂污染土壤中筛选出具有石油降解能力的菌株Pseudomonas sp.DY12,并对其降解石油烃能力进行了研究.考察了培养温度、接种量、培养基初始pH值、培养时间及摇床转速对菌株降解性能的影响,优选出菌株Pseudomonas sp.DY12降解石油烃的最佳条件,即:培养时间4 d、菌悬液接种量4%(体积分数)、培养温度30℃、培养基初始pH值7.0～8.0、摇床转速160 r·min-1,在此条件下菌株Pseudomonas sp.DY12对石油烃的降解率可达69.4%.     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的筛选及其发酵产酶条件的研究

从采集的土样中分离得到一株产壳聚糖酶的菌株,对该菌株发酵产酶条件进行了初步研究.确定其最适的产酶培养基为(%):壳聚糖1.0,葡萄糖0.1,酵母提取物0.5,(NH4)2SO4 1.0,K2HPO4 0.07,KH2PO4 0.03,NaCl 0.5,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05,起始pH值6.0;最适产酶培养条件为:装液量为70 mL/250 mL,接种量3%,30℃、150 r·min-1培养72 h.在最适产酶条件下,该菌株发酵液中壳聚糖酶活力最高达到1.96 U·mL-1.     

原油降解菌的筛选及降油率比较

经牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基驯化、固体培养基分离纯化,从长庆油田措施废液集中处理后残渣中筛选出了5株具有较强降解石油能力的微生物菌株,将其分别编号为D1、D2、D3、D4、D5。通过形态学和生理生化实验对分离得到的纯种菌株进行鉴定,结果表明D1属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),D2属于链球菌属(Streptococcus sp.),D3属于黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium Bergey sp.),D4属于微球菌属(Micrococcus Cohn sp.),D5属于产碱菌属(Alcaligenes sp.)。将得到的5株纯菌株在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基中培养3 d,分别按单株菌株5 mL、2种菌株以1:1的比例各5 mL、3种菌株以1:1:1的比例各5 mL的接种量,分别接种到原油液体培养基中培养,7 d后,按照《CJ/T 57-1999》标准测定原油降解率。比较原油降油率,得到2种菌株组合接种的降油率高于3种菌株组合高于单菌菌株。其中D1、D4按照1:1比例,各5 mL的接种量接种到原油液体培养基中得到的降油率最高,为89.39%。     

原生质体融合技术提高微生物絮凝剂处理含油废水效果的研究

应用原生质体融合技术将微生物絮凝剂产生菌B-6-1与高效石油降解菌SJ-1进行融合,从所得的67株融合菌株中筛选出菌株FB-1。确定最优发酵条件为:发酵时间44 h、接种量1.5%(体积分数)、培养基初始pH值8.0、培养基装液量30 mL/250 mL三角瓶、培养温度30℃。遗传稳定性实验表明,菌株FB-1遗传稳定,其石油类与COD去除率明显高于原始菌株B-6-1。     

微生物转化法生产睾酮的发酵工艺研究

采用亚硝基胍(NTG)对主产雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮(AD)的菌株YHT-1进行诱变,获得了一株睾酮(TS)产量较高的菌株YHT-103.通过对发酵条件及发酵培养基的优化,获得最佳转化培养基:葡萄糖15 g·L-1,硝酸铵4 g·L-1,MgSO4 0.5 g·L-1,K2HPO4 0.5 g·L-1,植物甾醇 2 g·L-1,Tween80 6 g·L-1,pH值6.5;种子培养时间30 h,接种量10%,培养温度28 ℃.在最佳转化条件下,TS转化率最高达46.20%.     

一株菲降解细菌的培养条件优化及特性研究

通过选择性富集培养,从沈抚灌区石油污染土壤中分离到1株菲降解细菌L2,该菌株能以菲为唯一碳源和能源生长.通过对L2菌株培养基及培养条件优化,确定其最佳培养基为玉米粉4%,蛋白胨1%,NaCl1%,酵母膏0.5%;最佳培养条件为pH值7.0～7.2,温度28～30℃,150 mL三角瓶装液量50 mL.在此基础上测定了L2菌株在不同浓度菲中邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶活力.结果表明,随着菲浓度从50 mg·mL-1增加到350 mg·mL-1,邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶活力呈先增加后减小趋势.     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.