Wetting Power in Aqueous Mixtures of Alkylpolyglucosides and Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohols

The wetting power of aqueous solutions of mixtures of an ethoxylated fatty alcohol (AE) and an alkylpolyglucoside (AG) and (concentration ratios expressed in dry weight AE:AG = 1:0, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:2, 0:1) has been evaluated. At low concentrations, the mixtures show better wettability than the pure surfactants. The wettability of mixtures of these surfactants is not significantly influenced by the water hardness or citric acid concentration. Together with the chemical nature of these surfactants, these properties make them especially interesting for the formulation of biodegradable detergents or wetting agents.     

脂肪醇催化胺化制单、双长链烷基叔胺工艺的比较

论述了脂肪醇催化胺化制备单,双烷基叔胺的反应机理,副反应类型,催化剂,所用设备及精制方法等内容,着重对两种叔胺的制备工艺进行了对比并讨论了其相似及不同之处。     

The Effect of Liquid Crystalline Structures on Antiseizure Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Ethoxylated Alcohols

Aqueous solutions of ethoxylated alcohols which form lyotropic liquid crystals at high concentrations (40–80%) were selected as model lubricating substances. Microscopic studies under polarized light and viscosity measurements were carried out in order to confirm the presence of liquid crystalline structures in the case of alcohol solutions with ethoxylation degrees of 3, 5, 7 and 10. Microscopic images and viscosity coefficient values characteristic of various mesophases were obtained. As expected, the viscosity of LLCs decreases considerably with an increase in shearing rate which is characteristic of liquid crystals being non-Newtonian liquids. Antiseizure properties were determined by means of a four-ball machine (T-02 Tester) and characterized by scuffing load (P_t), seizure load (P_oz) and limiting pressure of seizure (p_oz). Alcohol ethoxylates forming mesophases in aqueous solutions have the strongest effect on the P_t values which are several times higher than those measured in the presence of water. Ethoxylates with higher degrees of ethoxylation exhibit higher values of scuffing load. Those changes have been interpreted as a result of higher cloud points at which those compounds lose their amphiphilic properties. In general, the presence of mesophases in the bulk phase and particularly in the surface phase may lead to the formation of a lubricant film which separates the frictionally cooperating elements of a friction pair. The antiseizure efficiency of alcohol solutions is highest up to the load value which does not exceed the scuffing load value.     

稀土金属氧化物与聚磷酸铵阻燃剂协同作用的研究

从聚合物材料的燃料特点出发，分析和讨论了聚合物材料的阻燃特性。实验采用添加无机阻燃剂聚磷酸铵及稀土金属氧化物，提高了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能，并研究了添加型无机阻燃剂与硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料氧指数的关系，得出了一些规律性结果，这些结果对进一步研究耐燃的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方有一定的指导意义。     

脂肪腈催化氢化制伯胺工艺中常用抑制剂氨,氨水,碱水的作用性能的研究

本文叙述了脂肪腈催化氢化反应机理及常用抑制剂的作用机理,并用试验的方法对氨,氨水及碱水的作用性能进行了比较。     

脂肪酸甲酯加氢制脂肪醇Cu/Zn催化剂失活研究进展

脂肪醇是表面活性剂工业的重要基础原料。综述了脂肪酸甲酯加氢制脂肪醇Cu/Zn催化剂的失活研究进展,介绍了Cu/Zn催化剂的烧结、中毒、结焦等主要失活形式的机理,分析了硫、氯、氮、磷、钠的化合物和水、皂、游离脂肪酸、甘油、甘油酯等具有代表性的杂质对Cu/Zn催化剂活性的影响,讨论了Cu/Zn催化剂失活的控制方法。     

蛭石在膨胀阻燃聚乙烯中的协效作用

研究了蛭石对膨胀阻燃聚乙烯体系的协效作用。氧指数和力学性能测试结果表明:阻燃剂用量超过15份时,蛭石协同膨胀阻燃聚乙烯体系的氧指数超过23.4%,离火后很快自熄,而添加相同量阻燃剂聚乙烯的氧指数仅为21.3%;添加适量改性蛭石可以提高膨胀阻燃聚乙烯体系的拉伸强度,而聚乙烯的缺口冲击强度在添加阻燃剂后,均有不同程度的下降。     

脂肪醇催化胺化制叔胺工艺技术现状及前景

脂肪醇催化胺化制叔胺的工艺是目前生产脂肪叔胺的主要方法,和传统的酸法工艺相比具有明显的优势。该工艺的技术关键为胺化催化剂及工艺放大。催化剂的开发水平已经能够满足工业化生产的要求,但基础理论研究不够广泛的深入。要想进一步提高催化剂的水平。要从基础理论入手。工程放大主要是解决气、液、固三相之间的传质问题,可以通过反应器形式的改进来实现,如采用环路反应器及固定床反应器等。要从根本上解决国内目前叔胺生产厂家多但规模小的问题,需要在工程化问题上有所突破。     

脂肪仲胺工艺研究

本文叙述了脂肪仲胺的生产方法及反应机理,研究了最佳反应条件。     

椰子油乙氧基化物与阴离子表面活性剂协同效应研究

摘要：对椰子油乙氧基化物-30EO（COE-30）与直链烷基苯磺酸（LAS）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES-2）及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠（AEC-5）复配的二元体系进行研究,运用非理想溶液理论计算混合胶束和混合吸附层的组成及二者在混合胶束和混合吸附层中协同作用参数。结果表明,复配体系在混合胶束和混合吸附层显示出较强的协同作用,混合胶束中作用参数|βm|= 2~6,混合吸附层中作用参数|βσ|= 2~6。三个复配体系在形成胶束能力和降低表面张力效率方面存在协同增效作用,同时COE-30/AES-2和COE-30/AEC-5体系在降低表面张力能力方面也存在协同增效作用。     

水滑石对IFR/HDPE复合材料的协效作用

利用熔融共混法制备了水滑石(LDH/)膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR/)高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料,并对复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能、热稳定性能和燃烧炭层结构进行了研究。结果表明:LDH对复合材料具有明显的增强作用,在聚磷酸铵/丙三醇/三聚氰胺/HDPE体系中增强幅度最大;LDH能有效提高复合材料的氧指数,且在丙三醇和季戊四醇阻燃复合体系中能有效抑制熔滴和发烟量;LDH可以促进膨胀阻燃体系形成质密多孔炭层并,提高炭层的强度。     

组合粒子增强增韧回收聚丙烯的协同效应

将回收聚丙烯(R-PP)分别与轻质碳酸钙/纳米碳酸钙和β-成核剂/纳米碳酸钙两组组合粒子共混,制得R-PP复合材料。对复合材料进行了力学性能测试、WXRD和DSC分析。结果表明:两组组合粒子均能提高R-PP复合材料的综合性能,其中β-成核剂/纳米碳酸钙/R-PP复合材料的综合性能较好。     

椰子油乙氧基化物与阴离子表面活性剂协同效应

对椰子油乙氧基化物-30EO(COE-30)与直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES-2)及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AEC-5)复配的二元体系进行研究,运用非理想溶液理论计算混合胶束和混合吸附层的组成及二者在混合胶束和混合吸附层中协同作用参数。结果表明,复配体系在混合胶束和混合吸附层显示出较强的协同作用,混合胶束中作用参数|βm|=2~6,混合吸附层中作用参数|βσ|=2~6。3个复配体系在形成胶束能力和降低表面张力效率方面存在协同增效作用,同时COE-30/AES-2和COE-30/AEC-5体系在降低表面张力能力方面也存在协同增效作用。     

Synergistic Effects of Lanthanum Oxide on Magnesium Hydroxide Flame-Retarded Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer Composite

New halogen-free, magnesium hydroxide (MH) flame retarded ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) composites have been prepared via melt blending method, using lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) as a synergistic agent. Influence of La₂O₃ on the flame method retardancy and thermal stability of the flame retarded EPDM composites are investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL94 testing, cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), respectively. Moreover, the morphology of the char residues of the composites after cone calorimeter testing is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal aging stability of the composites is evaluated via the test of mechanical properties. Results show that La₂O₃ plays a positive role in improving the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composites.     

Synergistic effect of RE2O3 (RE = Sm, Eu and Gd) on Pt/mesoporous carbon catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation

This work aims at developing the synergetic catalysis of rare earth oxides, which can serve as the anchoring sites for Pt and in turn as the active sites for the methanol electro-oxidation. Ordered mesoporous carbon has been modified with RE₂O₃ (RE = Sm, Eu and Gd) and subsequently deposited with Pt nanoparticles by a microwave heating process. The catalytic activities for methanol electro-oxidation are evaluated by cyclic voltammogram, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Pt/C-Sm₂O₃ exhibits an improvement on dispersion and electrocatalytic performance, with the highest mass activity (145.1 mA mg⁻¹) as well as good stability. A possible mechanism is proposed for the effect of RE₂O₃ on Pt nanoparticles. The adsorbed hydroxyl species supplied by RE₂O₃ in the support are contributed to the release of Pt active sites through CO removal and therefore promote the catalytic activity spontaneously.     

协同效应对环氧封端聚氨酯柔性树脂室温粘接性能的影响

采用自制环氧封端聚氨酯柔性树脂分别与三缩水甘油异氰尿酸酯(TGIC)和四缩水甘油基-4,4-二氨基二苯醚(TGDDE)混合配比,并用间苯二甲胺(MXDA)和聚醚胺(D-230)作为混合固化剂固化,研究不同官能度环氧的的协同作用对环氧封端聚氨酯柔性树脂室温粘接性能的影响.研究结果显示,三缩水甘油异氰尿酸酯的引入能有效地增...     

EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS协同效应及热失重行为研究

将可膨胀石墨(EG)、P-N型膨胀阻燃(剂IFR)与ABS树脂共混,制作复合阻燃材料。用氧指数(OI)、UL 94测试和锥形量热仪(CONE)探讨了EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS的协同效应。通过热失重分析(TG)研究了阻燃ABS体系的热失重行为。结果表明:EG与IFR协同阻燃ABS,OI达到29%,UL 94为V-0级,热释放速率大幅度降低,EG与IFR复合阻燃ABS具有一定的协同效应;在空气气氛下,EG与IFR可以相互促进成炭,且形成的炭层稳定在,850℃也不会分解。     

Study of the Antioxidative Properties of Several Amino Acid-Type Surfactants and their Synergistic Effect in Mixed Micelle

Cysteine and methionine, two sulfur-containing amino acids (AA), were introduced in their surfactant forms as potential antioxidants. The antioxidative (AOX) properties of lauroyl methionine (C12-Met) and lauroyl cysteine (C12-Cys) was investigated by means of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay. Both the surfactants exhibited excellent AOX behavior at the premicellar state and micellar medium. The AOX behavior was found to be comparable for both the surfactants at their premicellar states. However, in micellar medium, C12-Met showed better AOX property than C12-Cys. The AOX power of the surfactants was compared with other previously developed AA-type surfactants. The order of the AOX power was found to be: C12-tryptophan > C12-tyrosine ≈ C12-methionine ≈ C12-cysteine > C12-histidine at the premicellar state and C12-tryptophan > C12-tyrosine > C12-methionine > C12-cysteine > C12-histidine at the micellar state. C12-Cys displayed lower AOX property in micellar medium due to its dimer formation tendency. Based on the HPLC and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, the dimer formation of C12-Cys was found to be accelerated due to the micellar environment and results into negative synergistic effect on other aromatic AA-type surfactants. However, the presence of C12-His in the micellar solution of C12-Cys resulted no synergistic effect due to stronger H-bonding between the surfactants and resulting less dimer formation.     

EG与IFR复合阻燃EVA的动态燃烧性能和协同效应

将可膨胀石墨(EG)与P-N膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)复合阻燃EVA树脂,通过氧指数(OI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL94)、锥形量热仪(CONE)研究了EG与IFR复合阻燃EVA的协同效应。结果表明:阻燃剂总添加量为30 phr,随着其中EG含量的增加,OI呈先增加后下降趋势,确定EG:IFR=1:1为最佳配比,OI达到36.6%,UL94为V-0级;EG与IFR复合阻燃EVA,热释放速率曲线呈现"前单峰型",为凝聚相阻燃机理;燃烧后形成的炭层结构较致密,表现出一定的协同作用。     

脂肪醇醚硫酸盐(AES)的生产与市场分析

分析了国内外脂肪醇醚硫酸盐 (AES)的生产及供需情况。 2 0 0 2年世界AES生产能力和需求分别为380万t/a和 90万t;2 0 0 3年我国AES主要生产企业有 16家 ,总生产能力为 34 5万t/a ,需求量达 10万t。同时还分析了AES的生产技术现状 ,介绍了AES的 4种合成方法以及磺化反应的工艺进展。