不锈钢表面冷喷涂铜涂层制备及性能研究

目的 通过工艺的匹配优化,采用冷喷涂技术在不锈钢表面制备高结合强度铜涂层,并研究热处理工艺对不锈钢表面冷喷涂铜涂层组织及性能的影响规律。方法 分别以高纯氮气和氦气作为加速气体,通过冷喷涂技术,在1 mm厚的304不锈钢基体表面制备铜涂层。采用光学显微镜(OM)对涂层的孔隙率及微观组织结构进行表征。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对涂层拉伸断面结构进行分析。借助维氏显微硬度仪、万能拉伸试验机和涡流导电仪测试分析退火热处理工艺对不锈钢基体表面冷喷涂铜涂层硬度、结合强度和电导率的影响规律。结果 利用氮气作为加速气体,在薄304不锈钢基体上获得铜涂层困难,涂层形成后,易发生整体剥落。使用氦气作为加速气体,可在薄304不锈钢板表面成功制备结合强度高于81.7 MPa、硬度为99.6HV0.1、孔隙率小于0.1%的高致密铜涂层。退火热处理引起涂层组织再结晶,可显著消除冷喷涂过程中的加工硬化影响。随着热处理温度从300℃上升到500℃,涂层硬度由99.6HV0.1下降至63.7HV0.1。退火温度为400℃时,涂层导电率最优(93.94%IACS)。当热处理温度升高到500℃,涂层导电率异常下...     

多弧离子镀NiCrAlY涂层与搪瓷基复合涂层的抗热震行为对比研究

以K444镍基高温合金为基体,采用多弧离子镀法制备了NiCrAlY涂层、喷涂-烧结法制备了搪瓷基复合涂层,并对比研究了2种涂层的抗热震性能。热震实验高温段温度为900℃。高温段保温1.5h后经水或空气冷却为一个热震循环。结果表明,NiCrAlY涂层的抗热震性能较差。当冷却介质为水时,水淬热震30cyc后,涂层表面氧化膜开裂明显,且有个别裂纹已穿透氧化膜,扩展至涂层内部;而搪瓷基复合涂层的抗热震性能非常优异。热震后,涂层表面及内部均未发现裂纹,涂层和基体界面结合良好。经分析,其优良的抗热震性能源于:(1)搪瓷釉热膨胀系数与高温合金基体匹配度高;(2)纳米Ni和NiCrAlY金属颗粒的加入进一步增大涂层热膨胀系数的同时,还提高了搪瓷的韧塑性。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层高温风洞热震行为

采用等离子喷涂工艺制备ZrO2-8%Y2O3(质量分数,下同)陶瓷层,冷喷涂制备CoNiCrAlY粘结层,在高温燃气风洞条件下测试热障涂层的热震性能,并研究了高温氧化处理对试样热震性能的影响.结果表明,等离子喷涂热障涂层具有较好的抗热震性能,经过100次热震循环后,涂层与基体结合良好,涂层较为完整,未出现大面积的剥落;经过氧化处理后的试样抗热震性较差.     

304不锈钢基体表面高温陶瓷涂层的制备及性能研究

采用热化学反应喷涂法在304不锈钢基体表面制备了Al_2O_3非梯度陶瓷涂层(记为1~#涂层)和Ni Cr Al Y/Al_2O_3梯度陶瓷涂层(记为2~#涂层),使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对该涂层的微观形貌、物相变化进行表征;描述了涂层的高温氧化动力学曲线,对涂层的热震性能进行分析。结果表明,喷涂Al_2O_3陶瓷料浆能有效填补Ni Cr Al Y喷涂层产生的裂纹,涂层与金属基体之间呈冶金结合,α-Al_2O_3和金红石型Ti O_2是陶瓷涂层耐高温的主体晶相结构。2~#涂层表现出最佳的抗高温氧化性能和抗热震性能。     

高速火焰喷涂Fe-Al／SiC复合涂层组织与性能

利用高速火焰喷涂技术制备出Fe-Al/SiC复合涂层,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、金相显微镜、能谱和X射线衍射仪对涂层的组织成分和相组成进行观察分析.研究表明,Fe-Al/SiC复合涂层基体为Fe-Al相(Fe3Al、FeAl),SiC硬质相分布于涂层之中,过渡相FeSi的存在使SiC硬质相与基体结合良好.整个涂层组织致密,呈现典型层状特征,涂层与基体结合良好,具有较高的结合强度和显微硬度,孔隙率低,抗热震性能优异.     

大气等离子喷涂锆酸镧热障涂层

利用自制的稀土元素复合掺杂锆酸镧热喷涂粉末,采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在镍基高温合金表面制备La1.6Nd0.4Ce1.0Zr1.0O7(LNCZ)热障涂层,研究了喷涂参数对涂层沉积率、显微结构、结合强度及抗热震性能的影响。结果表明,增大喷涂功率,降低送粉速率可以有效地提高涂层的沉积率,但对涂层结合和抗热震性能不利。减小喷涂距离不仅提高沉积率,还有利于获得孔径细小、孔隙率适中的层状组织结构,该结构对提高涂层的抗热震性能极为有利。采用DH-1080大气等离子喷涂设备制备LNCZ涂层较好的喷涂条件为:功率40 kW,喷涂距离9 cm,送粉速率12 g/min。     

耐熔融铝硅腐蚀TiB2涂层的制备及性能

在310S不锈钢容器内壁制备TiB2防护涂层,并对涂层的主要抗热震性能、力学性能、耐蚀性能进行分析.结果表明:TiB2涂层抗热震性能好,涂层与基体结合强度较高;同时涂层在一定温度限制下具有较好的耐蚀性,有利于延长容器的使用寿命.     

等离子喷涂纳米ZrO_2涂层均匀性及熔炼试验研究

作为石墨坩埚模具熔铸隔离涂层,火焰喷涂CaZrO3涂层在应用上存在缺陷,采用等离子喷涂方法在石墨坩埚模具表面制备均匀纳米ZrO2隔离涂层,涂层抗热震性能良好。熔炼考核后涂层光洁,未受浸蚀,涂层与基体结合良好,无龟裂、剥离。     

环境压强对低压等离子喷涂熔滴沉积行为及涂层性能的影响

为了解环境压强对热喷涂熔滴沉积行为及涂层性能的影响机理,采用低压等离子喷涂装置在不同压强下向不锈钢SUS304基体上喷涂Ni粉末,在基体上收集一定数量的熔滴沉积物及涂层。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜与聚焦离子束技术等对单个熔滴沉积物的形态进行观察分析,对不同压强下制备的涂层的微观组织、氧含量及结合强度等进行表征。对不同压强下基体表面吸附质的脱附/吸附、熔滴与基体间润湿能力、热传导及界面处的初期凝固等因素对熔滴在基体表面沉积行为的影响进行探讨。结果表明:单个熔滴的沉积形态由常压下的溅射状沉积到低压下的规则盘状沉积;不同压强下均可得到致密涂层,且涂层的结合强度随环境压强降低而逐渐增加,其变化趋势与单个熔滴沉积物形貌随压强变化趋势相吻合,可见熔滴的沉积行为对涂层的性能有着重要的影响。     

304不锈钢表面冷喷涂TC4钛合金涂层性能研究

采用冷喷涂技术在304不锈钢表面制备了TC4钛合金涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了涂层的形貌、组织结构,并利用电化学方法研究了涂层的腐蚀电化学特征。研究结果表明,冷喷涂制备的TC4钛合金涂层致密性存在较为明显的梯度现象,靠近基体的涂层密度明显高于表面;涂层喷涂过程没有出现明显氧化现象,与基体的结合强度可达20 MPa左右;涂层的耐腐蚀性能优于304不锈钢,可大大提升不锈钢材料在海洋环境中的耐点蚀性能。     

热化学反应法制备Al2O3-13％TiO2陶瓷涂层及其性能研究

目的研究Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2陶瓷涂层对金属基体的热防护性能。方法以钠、钾混合硅酸盐溶液为粘结剂,添加Al_2O_3、TiO_2、MgO、SiO_2等陶瓷骨料,采用热化学反应法在304不锈钢基体表面制备了Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2陶瓷涂层(记为AT13)。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层的微观形貌、物相变化进行表征。在AT13涂层的基础上,预先喷涂金属Ni/Al过渡层,制备了AT13梯度涂层(记为AT13grade),综合比较分析了两种涂层在不同温度下固化后的结合强度,描述了涂层的高温氧化动力学曲线,对涂层的热震性能及失效机理进行了分析。结果涂层在800℃烧结固化后,致密性较好,涂层与金属基体之间呈现冶金结合,TiO_2发生了从锐钛相到金红石相的转变,α-Al_2O_3和金红石型TiO_2是陶瓷涂层耐高温的主体晶相结构。经1200℃高温氧化后,梯度涂层和非梯度涂层的增重与空白试样相比分别减少了0.223 mg/cm2和0.155 mg/cm2。800℃热震试验时,梯度涂层和非梯度涂层的热震循环次数分别为17次和6次。结论在涂层与基体之间制备金属Ni/Al过渡层能增强涂层的结合强度,提高其抗氧化性能,缓解陶瓷材料与金属基体之间的热膨胀系数差异,提高涂层的抗热震性能。梯度结构的陶瓷涂层具有更好的热防护性能。     

Effects of Cr interlayer on mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coating

Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were deposited on SUS 304 substrate by a hybrid coating system. A Cr interlayer was introduced between Cr-Al-Si-N coating and SUS 304 substrate to improve the coating adherence. The effects of Cr interlayer on the microhardness, adhesion, and tribological behavior of Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the microhardness of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings gradually deceases with increasing thickness of Cr interlayers. The adhesion between Cr-Al-Si-N and SUS 304 substrate is improved by addition of the Cr interlayers. A peak critical load of ～50 N is observed for the coating containing Cr interlayer of 60 nm as compared ～ 20 N for the coating without Cr interlayer. The thicker Cr interlayers result in reduced critical load values. Moreover, the wear resistance of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings is greatly enhanced by introducing the Cr interlayer with thickness of 60 nm in spite of the decreased microhardness. The friction coefficient of the coating system is also moderately reduced.     

Study of microstructure and thermal shock behavior of two types of thermal barrier coatings

Gas turbines provide one of the most severe environments challenging material systems nowadays. Only an appropriate coating system can supply protection particularly for turbine blades. This study was made by comparison of properties of two different types of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in order to improve the surface characteristics of high temperature components. These TBCs consisted of a duplex TBC and a five layered functionally graded TBC. In duplex TBCs, 0.35 mm thick yittria partially stabilized zirconia top coat (YSZ) was deposited by air plasma spraying and ～0.15 mm thick NiCrAlY bond coat was deposited by high velocity oxyfuel spraying. ～0.5 mm thick functionally graded TBC was sprayed by varying the feeding ratio of YSZ/NiCrAlY powders. Both coatings were deposited on IN 738LC alloy as a substrate. Microstructural characterization was performed by SEM and optical microscopy whereas phase analysis and chemical composition changes of the coatings and oxides formed during the tests were studied by XRD and EDX. The performance of the coatings fabricated with the optimum processing conditions was evaluated as a function of intense thermal cycling test at 1100 °C. During thermal shock test, FGM coating failed after 150 and duplex coating failed after 85 cycles. The adhesion strength of the coatings to the substrate was also measured. Finally, it is found that FGM coating has a larger lifetime than the duplex TBC, especially with regard to the adhesion strength of the coatings.     

纯铜SHS反应热喷涂Al2O3基复合陶瓷涂层的性能研究

    采用SHS(自蔓延高温合成)反应火焰喷涂工艺,将Al-CuO铝热反应体系引入到喷涂陶瓷材料中,在纯铜表面制备Al₂O₃基复合陶瓷涂层.结果表明,SHS反应热喷涂层与基体的结合好于常规热喷涂,辅以Ni-Al合金打底,复合涂层500度下热震循环40次时仍完好无损.复合涂层的XRD图谱表明,在层间及涂层内部生成的NiCu及Al_xCu_y化合物有助于增强涂层的性能,同时Al的适当过量可以起到弥补喷涂过程中Al的损失并为体系提供良好的液相环境的作用,提高反应转化率,降低孔隙率,同时复合涂层具有较好的耐磨性及抗氧化性.     

Effects of Cr interlayer on mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-Al-Si-N nanocomposite coating

Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were deposited on SUS 304 substrate by a hybrid coating system. A Cr interlayer was introduced between Cr-Al-Si-N coating and SUS 304 substrate to improve the coating adherence. The effects of Cr interlayer on the microhardness, adhesion, and tribological behavior of Cr-Al-Si-N coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the microhardness of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings gradually deceases with increasing thickness of Cr interlayers. The adhesion between Cr-Al-Si-N and SUS 304 substrate is improved by addition of the Cr interlayers. A peak critical load of ~50 N is observed for the coating containing Cr interlayer of 60 nm as compared ~ 20 N for the coating without Cr interlayer. The thicker Cr interlayers result in reduced critical load values. Moreover, the wear resistance of the Cr-Al-Si-N coatings is greatly enhanced by introducing the Cr interlayer with thickness of 60 nm in spite of the decreased microhardness. The friction coefficient of the coating system is also moderately reduced.     

Porous Ceramic Coating for Transpiration Cooling of Gas Turbine Blade

A transpiration cooling system for gas turbine applications has significant benefit for reducing the amount of cooling air and increasing cooling efficiency. In this paper, the porous ceramic coating, which can infiltrate cooling gas, is developed with plasma spraying process, and the properties of the porous coating material such as permeability of cooling gas, thermal conductivity, and adhesion strength are examined. The mixture of 8 wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia and polyester powders was employed as the coating material, in order to deposit the porous ceramic coating onto Ni-based super alloy substrate. It was shown that the porous ceramic coating has superior permeability for cooling gas. The adhesion strength of the porous coating was low only 20% compared with the thermal barrier coating utilized in current gas turbine blades. Simulation test of hot gas flow around the gas turbine blade verified remarkable reduction of the coating surface temperature by the transpiration cooling mechanism. It was concluded that the transpiration cooling system for the gas turbine could be achieved using the porous ceramic coating developed in this study.     

高速电弧喷涂FeMnCr/ZrO2复合涂层组织和抗热震性能的研究

为了研究FeMnCr／ZrO2复合涂层的抗热震性能及失效机理,采用高速电弧喷涂技术在20#钢表面制备了FeMnCr／ZrO2复合涂层。利用光学显微镜（OM）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE—SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）等方法分析表征了复合涂层的微观组织和抗热震性能。试验结果表明：ZrO2陶瓷相以游离态团状形式存在于涂层中,游离态团状中ZrO2晶粒呈“马赛克”结构均匀分布;FeMnCr／ZrO2复合涂层热震过程中,涂层氧化起源于层间结合处,且沿着金属结晶相以“网状”形式向内扩展。热震破坏形式为涂层从基体上整体脱落,但是涂层表面无裂纹出现。     

涂层结构对Cr2O3涂层组织和性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术制备了3种结构的Cr2O3陶瓷涂层，即双层涂层，3层涂层和5层梯度涂层。探讨了涂层结构对涂层组织、抗拉结合强度、抗热震性和耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明，在涂层总厚度相同的条件下，采用多层复合涂层可提高Cr2O3涂层的结合强度、耐磨性和抗热冲击性，其中，5层结构涂层的综合性能最佳。涂层微观组织观察和显微硬度测试结果发现，5层结构涂层从基体到陶瓷层，涂层成分逐渐变化，具有梯度材料的特征。试验表明采用等离子喷涂技术可以制备梯度涂层。     

Thermal shock resistance of ceramic coatings

A methodology is established for the evaluation of the thermal shock resistance of ceramic coatings. The problem is formulated by considering a thin coating to a thick substrate subjected to a sudden cooling on the coating surface. Time-varied thermal stresses and stress intensity factors for various parameters of the problem are obtained. The crack initiation behavior and the thermal shock resistance of the coating are studied. The crack length dependency behavior of the thermal shock resistance of the coating is discussed. Two critical size parameters, which control the applicability of the stress-based criterion and the fracture mechanics-based criterion to the determination of the thermal shock resistance of coatings, are explored.